Otto Klemperer |

Otto Klemperer

Otto Klemperer, yog ib tus kws tshaj lij ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, tau paub zoo hauv peb lub tebchaws. Nws thawj zaug ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-thwenties.

"Thaum lawv nkag siab, lossis qhov xav tau, xav paub tias Klemperer yog dab tsi, lawv pib mus rau nws hauv txoj hauv kev uas lub tsev Philharmonic loj tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem haum txhua tus neeg uas xav mloog, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, saib tus thawj coj nto moo. Tsis pom Klemperer yog kom deprive koj tus kheej ntawm ib koob loj ntawm kev xav. Txij li thaum nws nkag mus rau theem, Klemperer dominates cov neeg tuaj saib. Nws ua raws li nws piav tes piav taw nrog kev mob siab rau. Tus txiv neej sawv tom qab lub khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob. Txhua yam sib koom ua ke rau hauv ib qho kev tsim, uas txhua tus neeg tuaj koom zoo li koom nrog. Klemperer absorbs lub volitional tsub nqi ntawm ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tso tawm lub siab lub ntsws lub zog nyob rau hauv ib tug haib, captivating thiab exciting muaj tswv yim impulse uas paub tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ... nce mus rau qhov muaj tswv yim paub txog cov suab paj nruag zoo tshaj plaws, lus dag ntawm qhov kev vam meej colossal uas Klemperer tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv peb lub tebchaws.

Qhov no yog li cas ib tug ntawm Leningrad critics sau tawm nws impressions ntawm thawj lub rooj sib tham nrog tus kws kos duab. Cov lus zoo no tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv los ntawm cov lus ntawm lwm tus neeg tshuaj xyuas uas tau sau nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo: "Kev ua siab zoo, kev xyiv fab txawv tshaj plaw pervades Klemperer's art. Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, ua tiav thiab txawj ntse, yeej ib txwm ua suab paj nruag muaj tswv yim, tsis muaj kev kawm txuj ci thiab dogma. Nrog kev ua siab loj txawv tshaj plaw, Klemperer ntaus nrog kev hais lus pedantic thiab nruj tus cwj pwm rau kev luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv suab paj nruag, cov lus qhia thiab cov lus hais ntawm tus sau. Ntau npaum li cas nws txhais lus, deb ntawm qhov qub, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam thiab kev tsis pom zoo. I. Klemperer yeej ib txwm yeej. "

Xws li yog thiab tseem nyob rau hnub no tus kos duab ntawm Klemperer. Qhov no yog qhov ua rau nws nyob ze thiab nkag siab zoo rau cov neeg mloog thoob plaws ntiaj teb, yog rau qhov no uas tus neeg saib xyuas tau nyiam sov siab rau peb lub tebchaws. "Klemperer Major" (txhais tau tseeb ntawm cov neeg thuam nto moo M. Sokolsky), lub zog muaj zog ntawm nws daim duab yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm cov neeg siv zog rau yav tom ntej, cov neeg uas tau pab los ntawm kev kos duab zoo los tsim lub neej tshiab.

Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tsom xam ntawm cov txuj ci no, Klemperer tau los ua tus neeg txhais lus tsis zoo ntawm Beethoven txoj haujlwm. Txhua tus neeg uas tau hnov ​​​​txog qhov kev mob siab rau thiab kev tshoov siab nws rov tsim cov tuam tsev tseem ceeb ntawm Beethoven's symphonies nkag siab tias vim li cas nws ib txwm zoo li cov neeg mloog uas Klemperer lub peev xwm tau tsim los ua kom Beethoven lub tswv yim humanistic. Thiab nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas ib tug ntawm cov lus Askiv critics hu ua nws tshuaj xyuas ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj tom ntej raws li hauv qab no: "Ludwig van Klemperer".

Tau kawg, Beethoven tsis yog Klemperer nkaus xwb. Lub zog ntawm kev npau taws thiab lub siab xav ua kom kov yeej nws txoj kev txhais lus ntawm Mahler's symphonies, uas nws ib txwm hais txog kev ntshaw rau lub teeb, lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua siab zoo thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub repertoire loj heev ntawm Klemperer, ntau nplooj ntawv ntawm classics tuaj rau lub neej nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshiab, uas nws paub yuav ua li cas ua pa ib co tshwj xeeb freshness. Qhov zoo ntawm Bach thiab Handel, kev nyiam romantic ntawm Schubert thiab Schumann, lub philosophical tob ntawm Brahms thiab Tchaikovsky, lub brilliance ntawm Debussy thiab Stravinsky - tag nrho cov no pom nyob rau hauv nws ib tug tshwj xeeb thiab zoo meej txhais lus.

Thiab yog tias peb nco qab tias Klemperer ua nrog tsis muaj kev txaus siab tsawg dua hauv lub tsev ua yeeb yam, muab cov piv txwv zoo kawg nkaus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Mozart, Beethoven, Wagner, Bizet, ces qhov ntsuas thiab tsis muaj kev sib tw ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam yuav pom tseeb.

Tag nrho lub neej thiab muaj tswv yim txoj hauv kev ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tsis muaj tus kheej, kev pabcuam tus kheej rau kev kos duab. Yug hauv Breslau, tus tub ntawm ib tus tub lag luam, nws tau txais nws thawj zaug kev kawm suab paj nruag los ntawm nws niam, tus kws ntaus piano ua si. Tom qab kawm tiav high school, tus tub hluas kuj tau mus ua ib tug pianist, tib lub sij hawm nws kawm txoj kev xav ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg. Klemperer hais tias, "Txhua lub sijhawm no," Kuv tsis muaj lub tswv yim tias kuv yuav muaj peev xwm coj tau. Kuv tau mus rau txoj kev ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib ua tsaug rau lub sijhawm thaum xyoo 1906 kuv tau ntsib Max Reinhardt, uas tau muab kuv ua yeeb yam ntawm Offenbach's Orpheus hauv ntuj raug txim, uas nws nyuam qhuav ua. Tom qab lees txais qhov kev thov no, kuv tam sim ntawd yeej qhov kev vam meej zoo uas nws tau nyiam cov xim ntawm Gustav Mahler. Qhov no yog qhov hloov pauv hauv kuv lub neej. Mahler qhia kuv kom mob siab rau kuv tus kheej tag nrho rau kev coj ua, thiab xyoo 1907 nws tau pom zoo rau kuv ua tus thawj coj ntawm German Opera House hauv Prague.

Taug qab tom qab lub tsev ua yeeb yam hauv Hamburg, Strasbourg, Cologne, Berlin, ncig xyuas ntau lub tebchaws, Klemperer tau lees paub tias yog ib tus thawj coj zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb uas twb muaj xyoo pua nees nkaum. Nws lub npe tau dhau los ua tus chij nyob ib puag ncig uas ob qho tib si cov kws ntaus nkauj zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg koom nrog ntawm cov kev coj noj coj ua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab kos duab sib sau ua ke.

Ntawm Kroll Theatre hauv Berlin, Klemperer tsis yog tsuas yog classics, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam tshiab - Hindemith's Cardillac thiab Xov Xwm ntawm Hnub, Stravinsky's Oedipus Rex, Prokofiev's Txoj Kev Hlub rau Peb Txiv Kab ntxwv thiab lwm yam.

Lub zog los ntawm Nazis yuam Klemperer tawm hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes thiab mus rau ntau xyoo. Hauv Switzerland, Austria, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Canada, South America - txhua qhov chaw nws cov concerts thiab kev ua yeeb yam tau muaj yeej. Tsis ntev tom qab kawg ntawm kev tsov rog, nws rov qab los rau Tebchaws Europe. Thaum pib, Klemperer tau ua haujlwm ntawm Budapest State Opera, qhov chaw uas nws tau ua ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj ntawm Beethoven, Wagner, Mozart, tom qab ntawd nyob hauv Switzerland tau ntev, thiab nyob rau xyoo tas los no London tau dhau los ua nws qhov chaw nyob. Ntawm no nws ua yeeb yam nrog concerts, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, los ntawm no nws ua nws thiab tseem heev heev heev heev concerts mus ncig ua si.

Klemperer yog ib tug txiv neej uas tsis muaj kev cia siab thiab ua siab loj. Ob peb zaug ib tug mob hnyav rub nws tawm ntawm theem. Xyoo 1939, nws tau txais kev phais mob rau lub hlwb thiab yuav luag tuag tes tuag taw, tab sis tsis zoo li qhov kev xav ntawm cov kws kho mob, nws sawv ntawm lub console. Tom qab ntawd, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab pob txha pob txha, tus kws kos duab tau siv sijhawm ntau lub hlis hauv tsev kho mob, tab sis rov kov yeej tus mob. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, thaum nyob hauv tsev kho mob, Klemperer yuam kev pw tsaug zog thaum pw hauv txaj. Cov luam yeeb uas poob ntawm nws txhais tes tau teeb hluav taws rau daim pam, thiab tus neeg xyuas pib tau txais kev kub nyhiab heev. Thiab ib zaug ntxiv, lub zog thiab kev hlub rau kev kos duab tau pab nws rov qab los rau lub neej, muaj tswv yim.

Lub xyoo tau hloov cov tsos ntawm Klemperer. Ib zaug ib zaug, nws mesmerized cov neeg tuaj saib thiab lub orchestra nrog nws cov tsos. Nws daim duab majestic towered hla lub tsev, txawm hais tias tus neeg xyuas pib tsis siv lub sawv ntsug. Niaj hnub no, Klemperer ua thaum zaum. Tab sis lub sij hawm tsis muaj hwj chim tshaj txuj ci thiab kev txawj ntse. “Koj tuaj yeem ua nrog ib txhais tes. Feem ntau, koj tsuas tuaj yeem qhia los ntawm kev saib. Thiab rau lub rooj zaum - yog li, kuv tus Vajtswv, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub opera tag nrho cov conductors zaum thaum coj! Nws tsuas yog tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv lub tsev hais plaub - yog tag nrho, "Klemperer hais tias ntsiag to.

Thiab ib txwm, nws yeej. Rau, mloog kev ua si ntawm lub orchestra nyob rau hauv nws cov kev taw qhia, koj tsis pom lub rooj zaum, thiab mob ob txhais tes, thiab lub ntsej muag wrinkled. Tsuas yog suab paj nruag xwb, thiab nws tseem zoo tag nrho thiab kev tshoov siab.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969