Modulation |

los ntawm lat. modulatio – ntsuas

Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb nrog kev hloov ntawm qhov chaw tonal (tonics). Hauv cov cuab yeej cuab tam suab paj nruag, feem ntau ua haujlwm M., raws li kev sib haum xeeb. kev sib txheeb ntawm cov yuam sij: chords ntau rau cov yuam sij ua tus neeg nruab nrab; Thaum cov chords no tau pom, lawv cov haujlwm raug tshuaj xyuas dua. Overestimation yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos ntawm harmonics. turnover, yam ntxwv ntawm tus yuam sij tshiab, thiab lub modulating chord nrog cov kev hloov pauv tau txiav txim siab:

Modulation los ntawm ib qho kev sib tw triad yog ua tau yog tias tus yuam sij tshiab yog nyob rau hauv 1st lossis 2nd degree ntawm affinity rau qhov qub (saib. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov yuam sij). M. nyob rau hauv cov yuam sij nyob deb uas tsis muaj cov triads feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm harmonically ntsig txog cov yuam sij (raws li ib los yog lwm qhov kev npaj khomob):

M. naz. ua tiav nrog qhov kawg lossis txheeb ze fixation ntawm lub tonic tshiab (M. – kev hloov). Imperfect M. suav nrog kev sib txawv (nrog rov qab mus rau qhov tseem ceeb) thiab dhau M. (nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntxiv).

Ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm M. yog enharmonic M. (saib Enharmonism), nyob rau hauv uas qhov kev sib haum xeeb chord yog ib qho rau ob qho tib si vim yog lub enharmonic. rethinking nws modal qauv. Xws li ib qho kev hloov kho tau yooj yim txuas cov tonalities nyob deb tshaj plaws, tsim ib qho kev npaj txhij txog hloov pauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum anharmonic. transformation ntawm dominant xya chord mus rau ib tug hloov subdominant:

F. Schubert. Txoj hlua Quintet op. 163, II, p.

Melodic-harmonic M. yuav tsum txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm M., uas txuas cov tonalities los ntawm lub suab coj nws tus kheej yam tsis muaj kev sib kho chord. Nrog M., chromatism yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug ze tonality, thaum lub functional kev twb kev txuas yog relegated mus rau lub keeb kwm yav dhau:

Qhov feem ntau yam ntxwv melodic-harmonic. M. nyob rau hauv cov yuam sij nyob deb tsis muaj kev sib txuas ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib qho kev xav anharmonism yog qee zaum tsim, uas yog siv rau hauv cov suab paj nruag cim kom tsis txhob muaj tus lej loj ntawm tus yuam sij anharmonic sib npaug:

Hauv monophonic (los yog octave) txav, melodic M. (tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb) qee zaum pom, uas tuaj yeem mus rau txhua qhov tseem ceeb:

L. Beethoven. Sonata rau piano op. 7, II, II

M. yam tsis muaj kev npaj, nrog kev pom zoo ncaj qha ntawm ib qho tonic tshiab, hu ua. juxtaposition ntawm tones. Nws feem ntau yog siv thaum taug kev mus rau ntu tshiab ntawm daim ntawv, tab sis qee zaum pom hauv ib qho kev tsim:

Kuv Glinka. Romance "Kuv nyob ntawm no, Inezilla". Modulation-mapping (kev hloov ntawm G-dur rau H-dur).

Los ntawm lub tonal M. xav txog saum toj no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau paub qhov txawv ntawm modal M., nyob rau hauv uas, tsis hloov lub tonic, tsuas yog ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub inclination ntawm lub hom nyob rau hauv tib lub ntsiab tseem ceeb tshwm sim.

Qhov kev hloov ntawm me me mus rau qhov loj yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm IS Bach's cadences:

JC Bach. The Well-Tempered Clavier, vol. Kuv, prelude hauv d-moll

Kev hloov pauv rov qab feem ntau yog siv los ua kev sib txuas ntawm tonic triads, hais txog cov xim me me ntawm cov tom kawg:

L. Beethoven. Sonata rau piano op. 27 Nr 2, part I.

M. muaj lus qhia tseem ceeb heev. lub ntsiab lus hauv suab paj nruag. Lawv txhawb cov suab paj nruag thiab kev sib haum xeeb, coj cov yeeb yuj ntau yam, nthuav cov kev sib txuas ua haujlwm ntawm chords, thiab pab txhawb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm muses. kev loj hlob, ib tug dav dav generalization ntawm arts. cov ntsiab lus. Hauv kev tsim kho modulation, kev ua haujlwm sib raug zoo ntawm cov tonalities raug teeb tsa. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm M. nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. kev ua haujlwm tag nrho thiab cuam tshuam rau nws qhov chaw. Ntau yam txuj ci ntawm M. tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm keeb kwm. kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib haum xeeb. Txawm li cas los, twb lub qub monophonic Nar. nkauj yog melodic. modulation, qhia nyob rau hauv ib qho kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tones ntawm hom (saib Variable hom). Modulation cov txheej txheem feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm ib lossis lwm muses. style.

References: Rimsky-Korsakov HA, Practical textbook of harmony, 1886, 1889 (hauv Poln. sobr. soch., vol. IV, M., 1960); Cov chav kawm xyaum ua kom sib haum xeeb, vol. 1-2, M., 1934-35 (Sau: I. Sopin, I. Dubovsky, S. Yevseev, V. Sokolov); Tyulin Yu. N., Phau ntawv ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, M., 1959, 1964; Zolochevsky VH, Pro-modulation, Kipp, 1972; Riemann H., Systematische Modulationslehre als Grundlage der musikalischen Formenlehre, Hamb., 1887 (nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab txhais – Systematic qhia ntawm modulation raws li lub hauv paus ntawm suab paj nruas ntaub ntawv, M., 1898, Nov. ed., M., 1929).

Yu. N. Tyulin