nyuaj counterpoint |
Complex counterpoint - polyphonic ua ke ntawm melodically tsim suab (sib txawv los yog zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv imitation), uas yog tsim los rau contrapuntal hloov repetition, reproduction nrog ib tug hloov nyob rau hauv qhov piv ntawm cov suab no (raws li opposed to yooj yim counterpoint - German einfacher Kontrapunkt - polyphonic ua ke ntawm cov suab siv. tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib qho muab ntawm lawv cov kev sib txuas).
Txawv teb chaws, lo lus "S. rau." tsis siv; hauv nws. cov ntaub ntawv suab paj nruag siv cov ntsiab lus hais txog mehrfacher Kontrapunkt, denoting tsuas yog triple thiab quadruple vertically movable counterpoint. Hauv S. to., tus thawj (muab, thawj) kev sib txuas ntawm melodic yog qhov txawv. suab thiab ib los yog ntau dua derivative compounds - polyphonic. thawj cov kev xaiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev hloov pauv, muaj, raws li cov lus qhia ntawm SI Taneyev, peb hom counterpoint: mobile counterpoint (sib faib ua vertically mobile, horizontally mobile thiab double mobile), reversible counterpoint (sib faib ua tiav thiab tsis tiav reversible ) thiab counterpoint, uas tso cai rau ob npaug (ib ntawm ntau yam ntawm mobile counterpoint). Tag nrho cov hom S. to. feem ntau ua ke; Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub fugue Credo (Tsis muaj 12) los ntawm JS Bach qhov loj hauv h-moll, ob qhov kev qhia ntawm cov lus teb (hauv kev ntsuas 4 thiab 6) tsim qhov kev sib txuas pib - ib qho stretta nrog kev nkag deb ntawm 2 ntsuas (tso tawm hauv ntsuas 12-17), nyob rau hauv tuav 17-21, ib tug derivative kev twb kev txuas suab nyob rau hauv doubly movable counterpoint (qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov kev taw qhia yog 11/2 ntsuas nrog ib tug ntsug hloov ntawm lub suab qis ntawm thawj kev sib txuas los ntawm ib tug duodecime, lub sab saum toj lub suab los ntawm ib tug thib peb), nyob rau hauv kev ntsuas 24-29 ib tug derivative kev twb kev txuas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas nyob rau hauv ntsuas 17-21 nyob rau hauv vertically movable counterpoint (Iv = - 7 - ob chav counterpoint ntawm lub octave; reproduced ntawm ib tug txawv qhov siab nyob rau hauv tuav 29 -33), los ntawm bar 33 raws li ib tug stretta nyob rau hauv 4 lub suab nrog ib tug nce nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus bass thaj tsam: saum. ob lub suab sawv cev rau ib qho kev sib txuas los ntawm cov thawj stretta nyob rau hauv doubly movable counterpoint (kev taw qhia nrug 1/4 bar; ua si ntawm ib tug sib txawv pitch nyob rau hauv tuav 38-41) nrog ob npaug rau saum. lub suab los ntawm qhov thib rau ntawm hauv qab (hauv qhov piv txwv, cov suab polyphonic uas tsis suav nrog hauv cov kev sib txuas saum toj no, nrog rau lub suab thib 8, raug tshem tawm). Nco ntsoov piv txwv saib col. 94 ib.
Hauv fp. quintet g-moll op. 30 SI Taneeva, kev ua haujlwm ntawm thawj zaug yog ua los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tog tseem ceeb nrog nws qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov pib ntawm qhov rov tshwm sim ntawm ntu 1 (qhov ntsuas thib ob tom qab tus lej 2);
Contrapuntal Combinations hauv Credo (Tsis muaj 12) los ntawm pawg hauv h-moll los ntawm JS Bach.
lub derivative nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug canon (tus naj npawb 78) yog tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug kab rov tav hloov thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tuav lub sab sauv suab nyob rau hauv ib tug nce; thaum pib ntawm lub coda (3rd ntsuas tom qab tus xov tooj 100) ib tug derivative nyob rau hauv doubly movable counterpoint (qhov kev ncua deb ntawm nkag yog 1 ntsuas, lub suab qis yog txav los ntawm ib tug decima, lub sab sauv ib los ntawm ib tug quintdecima down); contrapuntal variation xaus rau qhov kawg coda, qhov twg modulating canonical suab. ib ntus (tus naj npawb 219), uas sawv cev rau qhov kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas hauv ob npaug ntawm qhov txav txav tau (kev taw qhia nrug 2 ntsuas, ob lub suab hauv kev txav ncaj qha); ntxiv (thib 4 bar tom qab tus naj npawb 220) qhov kev sib txuas derivative yog canon nrog ntsug thiab kab rov tav txav thiab ib txhij nrog plaub npaug ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam (nrog thiab ob lub suab raug tshem tawm hauv qhov piv txwv):
Contrapuntal ua ke hauv piano quintet g-moll op. 30 SI Taneeva.
Xaus. lub canon nyob rau hauv thim rov qab los ntawm b-moll fugue los ntawm 2nd ntim ntawm JS Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov tsis tiav reversible counterpoint nrog ob npaug. Tus naj npawb thib tsib los ntawm Bach's "Musical Offering" yog ib qho kev sib tw uas tsis muaj qhov kawg hauv kev ncig uas nrog lub suab no, qhov twg qhov kev sib txuas pib ua ib qho nyiaj siv ua haujlwm. suab thiab yooj yim (P), derivative nyob rau hauv tsis tiav reversible horizontally movable counterpoint - nyob rau hauv tib lub suab thiab risposta (R Compound counterpoint):
S. to. - thaj chaw pom tseeb feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog rau sab laj thawj ntawm kev muaj tswv yim. txheej txheem ntawm tus composer, uas loj txiav txim siab cov duab sib xws ntawm muses. lus. S. to. - lub hauv paus ntawm shaping nyob rau hauv polyphony, ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txhais tau tias ntawm polyphonic. kev loj hlob thiab variation. Nws muaj peev xwm tau paub thiab tsim los ntawm cov tswv ntawm cov style nruj; nyob rau tom qab lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm suab paj nruag. kev foob thiab hauv niaj hnub. S. suab paj nruag yog dav siv nyob rau hauv polyphonic. thiab homophonic cov ntaub ntawv.
Ib qho piv txwv suab paj nruag los ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev taw qhia rau Taneyev's Mobile Counterpoint of Strict Writing.
harmonic kev ywj pheej ntawm cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub tso cai rau cov kws sau ntawv siv qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm. hais txog S.'s ntau yam rau. thiab lawv qhov sib xyaw. Yog li, piv txwv li, hauv No. 23 los ntawm Shchedrin's Polyphonic Notebook, thawj zaug ua ke ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm ob chav fugue (bars 1-5) muab ib txheej (saib tuav 9, 14, 19 thiab 22, 30, 35., 40. , 45) ntawm cov tsis-repeating derivative compounds nyob rau hauv ntsug, kab rov tav thiab doubly movable counterpoint (nrog ob npaug).
Qhov qhia peb hom S. to. SI Taneyev suav hais tias yog lub ntsiab, tab sis tsis yog tsuas yog ua tau. Cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm los ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev taw qhia rau phau ntawv "Mobile counterpoint ntawm kev sau nruj" qhia tias Taneyev suav nrog thaj tsam ntawm uXNUMXbuXNUMXbS. k. kuj zoo li ntawd, qhov twg ib tug derivative compound yog tsim los ntawm kev siv rakish txav.
Hauv nws cov ntawv sau, SI Taneev tsis xav txog qhov thim rov qab (txawm hais tias qhov no yog ib feem ntawm cov phiaj xwm ntawm nws cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb) lossis kev sib cav sib ceg (raws li, pom tau, nws tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd). Txoj kev xav ntawm polyphony, coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv ntawm niaj hnub. composer txoj kev xyaum, nthuav lub tswvyim ntawm S. mus. thiab txiav txim siab raws li nws cov hom kev ywj pheej ib qho rakohodny counterpoint, thiab kuj tso cai rau ib qho kev nce los yog txo nyob rau hauv ib tug derivative compound rau. los ntawm melodic votes ntawm tus thawj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub rondo-shaped finale ntawm Karaev lub 3rd symphony, thawj refrain yog sau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug 3-lub hom phiaj. inventions qhov twg cov suab nrov (rhythmically zoo ib yam li lub ntsiab) yog ntxiv ua ke nrog counter-ntxiv los ntawm lub suab ntawm lub dodecaphone series; Qhov thib 2 tuav ntawm qhov refrain (tus naj npawb 4) yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke hauv qhov rov qab counterpoint; nyob rau hauv 2nd rov, sau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug fugue, lub reprise stretta (16 ntsuas mus txog rau tus xov tooj 10) yog ua los ntawm kev nqa tawm lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thiab sab txav; Thaum pib ntawm qhov rov tshwm sim ntawm ntu 1 ntawm symphony (tus naj npawb 16), lub hom phiaj thib 3 suab. endless canon, qhov twg yog saum. lub suab yog lub ntsiab-series nyob rau hauv ncaj qha, lub suab nruab nrab yog nyob rau hauv ib tug slinging zog, thiab lub qis dua yog nyob rau hauv ib tug reversed sloping zog.
Counterpoint, tso cai rau nce lossis txo hauv ib lossis ob peb. suab, theoretically kawm me ntsis.
HA Rimsky-Korsakov. "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Lub Nroog Invisible ntawm Kitezh ...", ua 3, scene 2.
Ntau qhov piv txwv los ntawm cov suab paj nruag classical thiab niaj hnub no qhia tias kev sib txuas nrog kev nce lossis txo feem ntau tshwm sim yam tsis muaj kev suav ua ntej, tsis txhob txwm ua (saib cov piv txwv saum toj no los ntawm Bach's Credo; "Discharges" - thib 2 ntawm L. Grabowski's "Little Chamber Music No. 1" - yog tsim los ntawm kev ua lub ntsiab lus dodecaphonic, uas nws cov kev hloov pauv tau ntxiv rau hauv 2-15-fold txo). Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv ib co tej hauj lwm, tau txais derivative ua ke ntawm no hom, obviously, yog ib feem ntawm lub composer lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb, uas ua pov thawj lawv qhov tseem ceeb teej tug mus rau thaj tsam ntawm s. Bach; nyob rau hauv 1st ib feem ntawm Glazunov's 1th symphony, cov derivative (tus naj npawb 8) yog raws li cov thawj compound (tus naj npawb 30) nyob rau hauv tsis tiav reversible counterpoint nrog ib tug nce nyob rau hauv ib lub suab; complex ua ke nrog nce lub ntsiab lus derivative compounds nyob rau hauv FP. Taneyev's g-moll quintet (tus naj npawb 31 thiab 78; saib piv txwv hauv col. 220).
V. Tormis. "Vim li cas lawv tos Jaan" (Tsis muaj 4 los ntawm lub voj voog choral "Cov Nkauj ntawm Jan's Day").
Niaj hnub no txoj kev xav ntawm polyphony ua rau kev hloov kho rau kev txhais lus ntawm counterpoint, uas tso cai rau ob npaug, txij li qhov sib haum xeeb. suab paj nruag qauv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. tab sis txwv kev siv duplications rau.-l. def. intervals los yog chords. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob scene ntawm lub thib 2 ua yeeb yam opera "Cov lus dab neeg ntawm lub Invisible City ntawm Kitezh thiab Maiden Fevronia" los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov (tus naj npawb 3), imitation ntawm lub Tatars 'leitmotif yog nthuav tawm los ntawm tib lub siab. xya chords (saib piv txwv a); nyob rau hauv zaj nkauj "Vim li cas lawv tseem tos Yaan" (Tsis muaj 210 los ntawm lub voj voog hu nkauj "Cov Nkauj ntawm Yaan's Day" los ntawm V. Tormis), cov suab txav mus rau qhov sib npaug thib tsib ("vertically txav kev sib haum xeeb", raws li txhais los ntawm SS Grigoriev; saib piv txwv b), nyob rau hauv No 4 ntawm tib lub voj voog ob npaug muaj ib pawg xwm txheej (saib piv txwv c);
V. Tormis. "Song of Jan's Day" (No 7 from the choral cycle "Songs of Jan's Day").
nyob rau hauv "Hmo ntuj" los ntawm Prokofiev's "Scythian Suite" lub suab nyob rau hauv ib tug infinite canon-hom kev tsim kho yog duplicated los ntawm chords ntawm txawv qauv (saib piv txwv d, col. 99).
NWS Prokofiev. "Scythian Suite", ntu 3 ("Hmo ntuj").
Ib lub rooj ntawm tag nrho cov theoretically ua tau ua ke ntawm hom s. rau.
References: Taneev SI, Movable counterpoint of nruj sau ntawv, Leipzig, 1909, M., 1959; Taneev SI, From the scientific and pedagogical heritage, M., 1967; Bogatyrev SS, Reversible counterpoint, M., 1960; Korchinsky E., Rau lo lus nug ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm canonical imitation, L., 1960; Grigoriev SS, On the melody of Rimsky-Korsakov, M., 1961; Yuzhak K., Ib co nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm fugue los ntawm JS Bach, M., 1965; Pustylnik I. Ya., Movable counterpoint and free sau, L., 1967. Saib kuj lit. nyob rau hauv cov khoom Movable counterpoint, Reversible counterpoint, Rakokhodny zog.
VP Frayonov
