Suab nkauj kho siab |
German Raummusik
Suab paj nruag uas siv spatial suab cuam tshuam: ncha, tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam, thiab lwm yam. Lo lus "P. m." tshwm sim nyob rau hauv musicological ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Xyoo pua 20th, tab sis tsis siv dav. Nws tsis txhais hais tias k.-l. ywj siab. hom suab paj nruag, vim hais tias spatial teebmeem yog, raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov nthuav qhia. txhais tau tias siv hauv suab paj nruag. cov khoom ntsig txog P.m. Hauv decomp. lub sij hawm ntawm P. keeb kwm m tau siv los yog txuas nrog rau. kev ua tau zoo (piv txwv li sab nraum zoov), lossis rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj (xws li kev sib txuas nrog rau theem tsim ntawm kev ua haujlwm). Hauv kev coj noj coj ua, cov txheej txheem antiphonal thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem suav tias yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm P. m. kab lus thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Op. los ntawm ib pawg hu nkauj lossis ib nrab pawg hu nkauj mus rau lwm qhov (ob- thiab peb pawg hu nkauj yog txuam nrog qhov no, tshwj xeeb ntawm Venetians nyob rau xyoo pua 16th). Mus rau theatre. suab paj nruag siv qhov sib txuas ntawm lub suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub theem thiab lub orchestra nyob rau theem, nrog rau lwm yam teebmeem (orchestras nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub theem nyob rau hauv Mozart's Don Giovanni; mus kom ze thiab tshem tawm cov neeg zej zog hu nkauj nyob rau hauv Borodin tus tub huabtais. Igor, thiab lwm yam). Cov teebmeem spatial kuj tau siv rau hauv suab paj nruag hauv huab cua, hauv dej (piv txwv li, "Music on the Water" thiab "Music in the Forest" los ntawm Handel). Qee lub sij hawm, P. cov qauv ntawm m muaj nyob hauv symphony. hom ntawv. Serenade (nocturne) los ntawm Mozart (K.-V. 286, 1776 lossis 1777), sau rau 4 orchestras, tsim los rau cov nyhuv poetic ntawm ncha thiab tso cai rau cais qhov chaw ntawm orchestras. Hauv "Requiem" los ntawm Berlioz, 4 tus ntsuj plig tau siv. orchestra nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th P. tus nqi m tau amplified. Nyob rau hauv cov rooj plaub, lub spatial qhov tseem ceeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm muses. cov qauv (ua tau P. m). Qee cov kws sau ntawv niaj hnub tshwj xeeb tsim lub tswv yim ntawm P. m. (ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, K. Stockhausen – raws li ib tug composer thiab raws li ib tug theorist; thawj zaug nyob rau hauv lub op. "Singing ntawm cov tub hluas ...", 1956, thiab "Group" rau 3 orchestras, 1957; raws li lub tswv yim ntawm Stockhausen ntawm EXPO-70 hauv Osaka, ib lub tsev tshwj xeeb tau tsim rau P. m., tus kws kos duab Borneman). Yog lawm, ntau lawm J. Xenakis "Terretektor" (1966) yog tsim los tsis yog tsuas yog rau cov nyhuv ntawm lub zog ntawm lub suab nyob ib ncig ntawm cov neeg mloog thaum lub sij hawm alternation ntawm cov coj nyob rau hauv cov neeg ua yeeb yam. pab pawg, tab sis (vim qhov kev tso kawm ntawm pej xeem nyob rau hauv lub orchestra tau sau los ntawm tus sau) thiab tib lub sijhawm. qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws lub zog rectilinear, zoo li dhau "los ntawm cov neeg mloog". Cov hauj lwm ntsig txog P. m., yog Ch. arr. kev sim.
Yu. N. Kholopov
