Shirley Verrett |

Shirley Verrett

"Black Callas" tsis muaj ntxiv lawm. Nws tau ncaim lub ntiaj teb no thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 5, 2010. Qhov poob ntawm Shirley Verret los ntawm ib qho kev hloov tsis tau.

Txhua tus paub txog cov dab neeg nto moo ntawm Sab Qab Teb, txawm tias nws yog Margaret Mitchell's Gone With the Wind lossis Maurice Denouzier's Louisiana, yuav paub ntau yam cim ntawm Shirley Verrett lub neej. Nws yug los rau lub Tsib Hlis 31, 1931 hauv New Orleans, Louisiana. Qhov no yog Asmeskas South tiag tiag! Cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Fabkis txoj colonialists (li no lub impeccable lus txib ntawm Fabkis lus, uas yog heev captivating thaum Shirley hu nkauj "Carmen"), lub deepest religiosity: nws tsev neeg koom nyob rau hauv lub xya-hnub Adventist sect, thiab nws pog yog ib yam dab tsi ntawm ib tug shaman, animism ntawm Creoles tsis yog ib qho txawv. Shirley txiv muaj ib lub tuam txhab tsim kho, thiab thaum nws tseem hluas, tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Los Angeles. Shirley yog ib tug ntawm tsib tus menyuam. Hauv nws cov ntawv sau cia, nws tau sau tias nws txiv yog ib tug txiv neej zoo, tab sis rau txim rau cov me nyuam nrog txoj siv tawv yog ib qho ntawm nws. Peculiarities ntawm Shirley lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab kev ntseeg kev ntseeg tsim teeb meem rau nws thaum lub zeem muag ntawm los ua ib tug singer loomed nyob rau hauv lub qab ntug: tsev neeg txhawb nws xaiv, tab sis kho lub opera nrog rau txim. Cov txheeb ze yuav tsis cuam tshuam nrog nws yog hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo li Marian Anderson, tab sis opera! Nws pib kawm suab paj nruag hauv nws haiv neeg Louisiana thiab txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm hauv Los Angeles kom tiav nws txoj kev kawm ntawm Juilliard School hauv New York. Nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim hauv Britten's The Rape of Lucrezia xyoo 1957. Nyob rau hnub ntawd, cov neeg hu nkauj ua yeeb yam muaj xim tsis tshua muaj. Shirley Verrett yuav tsum tau hnov ​​​​qhov iab thiab kev txaj muag ntawm qhov xwm txheej no hauv nws daim tawv nqaij. Txawm tias Leopold Stokowski tsis muaj zog: nws xav kom nws hu nkauj Schoenberg's "Gurr's Songs" nrog nws hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj hauv Houston, tab sis cov tswv cuab orchestra tau tuag tawm tsam tus neeg hu nkauj dub. Nws tau hais txog qhov no hauv nws phau ntawv autobiographical Kuv Tsis Taug Kev Ib Leeg.

Xyoo 1951, tus tub hluas Verret tau sib yuav James Carter, uas yog kaum plaub xyoos laus dua nws thiab pom nws tus kheej ua ib tug txiv neej nyiam tswj thiab tsis kam lees. Ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tus hu nkauj hu ua Shirley Verrett-Carter. Nws txoj kev sib yuav thib ob, nrog Lou LoMonaco, tau xaus rau xyoo 1963 thiab kav mus txog thaum tus kws kos duab tuag. Nws yog ob xyoos tom qab nws Metropolitan Opera audition yeej.

Nyob rau hauv 1959, Verrett ua nws thawj European tsos, ua nws debut nyob rau hauv Cologne nyob rau hauv Nicholas Nabokov lub Tuag ntawm Rasputin. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm yog xyoo 1962: nws yog thaum ntawd nws tau ua Carmen ntawm Kev Lom Zem ntawm Ob Lub Ntiaj Teb hauv Spoleto thiab tsis ntev nws tau ua nws thawj zaug ntawm New York City Opera (Irina hauv Weil's Poob Hauv Lub Hnub Qub). Hauv Spoleto, nws tsev neeg tau tuaj koom kev ua yeeb yam ntawm "Carmen": nws cov txheeb ze mloog nws, poob ntawm lawv lub hauv caug thiab thov kev zam txim los ntawm Vajtswv. Xyoo 1964, Shirley hu nkauj Carmen rau ntawm theem ntawm Bolshoi Theatre: qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb, xav tias qhov no tshwm sim ntawm qhov siab ntawm Tsov Rog Txias.

Thaum kawg, cov dej khov tau tawg, thiab lub qhov rooj ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam nto moo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb tau qhib rau Shirley Verrett: hauv 60s, nws qhov kev tshwm sim tau tshwm sim hauv Covent Garden (Ulrika hauv Masquerade Ball), ntawm Comunale Theatre hauv Florence thiab Metropolitan Opera hauv New York (Carmen), ntawm La Scala Theatre (Dalila hauv Samson thiab Delilah). Tom qab ntawd, nws lub npe adorned cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm lwm lub tsev ua yeeb yam nto moo thiab chaw ua yeeb yam hauv ntiaj teb: Paris Grand Opera, Vienna State Opera, San Francisco Opera, Chicago Lyric Opera, Carnegie Hall.

Hauv xyoo 1970 thiab 80s, Verrett tau koom nrog Boston Opera tus thawj coj thiab tus thawj coj Sarah Calwell. Nws yog nrog lub nroog no uas nws Aida, Norma thiab Tosca koom nrog. Xyoo 1981, Verrett hu nkauj Desdemona hauv Othello. Tab sis nws thawj qhov kev tawm tsam rau hauv soprano repertoire tau tshwm sim thaum ntxov li 1967, thaum nws hu nkauj ntawm Elizabeth hauv Donizetti's Mary Stuart ntawm Florentine Musical May Festival. "hloov" ntawm tus neeg hu nkauj nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm soprano lub luag hauj lwm ua rau ntau yam teb. Qee tus qhuas qhuas suav tias qhov no yog qhov yuam kev. Nws tau raug sib cav tias kev ua yeeb yam ib txhij ntawm mezzo-soprano thiab soprano pianos coj nws lub suab "sib cais" rau hauv ob lub npe sib cais. Tab sis Verrett kuj raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob ua xua uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam bronchial. Kev tawm tsam tuaj yeem "mob" nws poob nthav. Xyoo 1976, nws tau hu ib feem ntawm Adalgiza ntawm Kev Sib Tham thiab, tsuas yog rau lub lis piam tom qab, ntawm kev ncig xyuas nrog nws pab pawg, Norma. Hauv Boston, nws Norma tau txais tos nrog lub ntsej muag loj loj. Tab sis peb xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1979, thaum kawg nws tshwm sim raws li Norma nyob rau theem ntawm lub Met, nws muaj ib tug tsis haum tshuaj, thiab qhov no tsis zoo rau nws hu nkauj. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws ua yeeb yam nyob rau theem ntawm lub naas ej ua yeeb yam 126 lub sij hawm, thiab, raws li txoj cai, yog ib tug zoo kev vam meej.

Xyoo 1973 Metropolitan Opera tau qhib nrog lub premiere ntawm Les Troyens los ntawm Berlioz nrog John Vickers li Aeneas. Verrett tsis tsuas yog hu nkauj Cassandra hauv thawj ntu ntawm opera duology, tab sis kuj hloov Christa Ludwig li Dido nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam no tau nyob mus ib txhis hauv opera annals. Nyob rau hauv 1975, nyob rau tib lub Met, nws yeej ua tau zoo li Neocles nyob rau hauv Rossini lub Siege ntawm Corinth. Nws cov neeg koom tes yog Justino Diaz thiab Beverly Sills: rau yav tom ntej nws yog qhov kev ncua ntev rau ntawm theem ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam nto moo tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nyob rau hauv 1979 nws yog Tosca thiab nws Cavaradossi yog Luciano Pavarotti. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam no tau tshaj tawm hauv TV thiab tso tawm hauv DVD.

Verrett yog lub hnub qub ntawm Paris Opera, uas tshwj xeeb ua rau Rossini's Moses, Cherubini's Medea, Verdi's Macbeth, Iphigenia hauv Tauris thiab Gluck's Alceste. Xyoo 1990, nws tau koom nrog kev tsim khoom ntawm Les Troyens, tau mob siab rau kev ua koob tsheej ntawm XNUMXth hnub tseem ceeb ntawm cua daj cua dub ntawm Bastille thiab qhib lub Bastille Opera.

Theatrical triumphs ntawm Shirley Verrett tsis tau xav txog tag nrho hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Thaum pib ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm, nws tau sau tseg ntawm RCA: Orpheus thiab Eurydice, Lub Zog ntawm Txoj hmoo, Luisa Miller nrog Carlo Bergonzi thiab Anna Moffo, Un ballo hauv maschera nrog tib Bergonzi thiab Leontine Nqe, Lucrezia Borgi nrog kev koom tes Montserrat Caballe thiab Alfredo Kraus. Tom qab ntawd nws tshwj xeeb nrog RCA tau xaus, thiab txij li xyoo 1970 cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg ntawm kev ua yeeb yam nrog nws kev koom tes tau raug tso tawm raws li cov ntawv sau ntawm EMI, Westminster Cov Ntaub Ntawv, Deutsche Grammophon thiab Decca. Cov no yog Don Carlos, Anna Boleyn, Norma (Adalgisa's part), Siege of Corinth (Neocles 'part), Macbeth, Rigoletto thiab Il trovatore. Tseeb tiag, cov tuam txhab sau cia tau them nyiaj me ntsis rau nws.

Verrett txoj haujlwm ci ntsa iab thiab tshwj xeeb tau xaus rau thaum ntxov 1990s. Xyoo 1994, Shirley tau ua nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam hauv Broadway li Netti Fowler hauv Rodgers thiab Hammerstein lub suab paj nruag Carousel. Nws yeej ib txwm nyiam zaj nkauj no. Qhov kawg ntawm Natty lub luag haujlwm yog zaj nkauj "Koj Yuav Tsis Taug Kev Ib Leeg". Cov lus piav qhia no tau dhau los ua lub npe ntawm Shirley Verrett phau ntawv sau txog keeb kwm keeb kwm, Kuv Tsis Taug Kev Ib Leeg, thiab kev ua si nws tus kheej yeej tsib Tony Awards.

Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1996, Verrett pib qhia kev hu nkauj ntawm University of Michigan Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam, Ua Yeeb Yam thiab Dance. Nws tau muab cov chav kawm master hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Europe.

Shirley Verrett lub suab yog ib lub suab txawv txawv. Lub suab no, feem ntau yuav, tsis tuaj yeem suav hais tias loj, txawm hais tias qee tus neeg thuam nws yog "muaj zog". Ntawm qhov tod tes, tus neeg hu nkauj muaj lub suab nrov nrov, tsis muaj suab nrov ntau lawm thiab ib tus neeg zoo heev (nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg hu nkauj niaj hnub no!). Verrett yog ib tus thawj coj mezzo-sopranos ntawm nws tiam, nws kev txhais ntawm cov luag haujlwm xws li Carmen thiab Delilah yuav nyob mus ib txhis hauv cov ntawv sau ua yeeb yam. Unforgettable kuj yog nws Orpheus hauv Gluck's opera ntawm tib lub npe, Leonora hauv Qhov Nyiam, Azucena, Ntxhais fuabtais Eboli, Amneris. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tsis muaj ib qho teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub sab sauv sau npe thiab sonority tso cai rau nws ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub soprano repertoire. Nws hu nkauj Leonora hauv Fidelio, Celica hauv Tus Poj Niam Neeg Asmeskas, Norma, Amelia hauv Un ballo hauv maschera, Desdemona, Aida, Santuzza hauv Rural Honour, Tosca, Judit hauv Bartók's Bluebeard Duke's Castle, Madame Lidoin hauv "Dialogues of the Carmelites". Kev vam meej tshwj xeeb nrog nws hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm Poj Niam Macbeth. Nrog rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam no nws tau qhib lub caij 1975-76 ntawm Teatro alla Scala qhia los ntawm Giorgio Strehler thiab qhia los ntawm Claudio Abbado. Xyoo 1987, Claude d'Anna tau ua yeeb yaj kiab nrog Leo Nucci li Macbeth thiab Riccardo Chailly ua tus thawj coj. Nws yuav tsis yog ib qho exaggeration hais tias Verrett yog ib tug ntawm cov ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus poj niam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm no opera, thiab goosebumps tseem khiav los ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm ib tug rhiab mloog los ntawm saib cov yeeb yaj duab.

Verrett lub suab tuaj yeem raug cais raws li "falcon" soprano, uas tsis yooj yim los qhia meej meej. Nws yog ib tug ntoo khaub lig ntawm ib tug soprano thiab ib tug mezzo-soprano, lub suab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam los ntawm cuaj-xyoo pua Fabkis composers thiab Italians uas sau operas rau lub Parisian theem; qhov chaw rau hom suab no suav nrog Celica, Delilah, Dido, Ntxhais fuabtais Eboli.

Shirley Verret muaj qhov nthuav dav, zoo nkauj luag nyav, theem charisma, khoom plig tiag tiag. Tab sis nws yuav nyob twj ywm hauv keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag kuj yog ib tus kws tshawb fawb tsis muaj zog hauv kev hais lus, accents, ntxoov thiab tshiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia. Nws muab qhov tseem ceeb rau lo lus. Tag nrho cov kev zoo no tau ua rau muaj kev sib piv nrog Maria Callas, thiab Verrett feem ntau hu ua "La nera Callas, Dub Callas".

Shirley Verrett hais nyob zoo rau lub ntiaj teb thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 5, 2010 hauv Ann Arbor. Nws muaj xya caum cuaj xyoo. Cov neeg nyiam suab paj nruag tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog lub suab zoo li nws lub suab. Thiab nws yuav nyuaj, yog tias tsis yooj yim sua, rau cov neeg hu nkauj ua yeeb yam li Lady Macbeth.