Quarter tone system |

Quarter-tone system, lub quarter-tone suab paj nruag

German Vierteltonmusik, Askiv. quarter-tone music, Fabkis musique en quarts de ton, ital. musica a quarti di tono

Feem ntau hom microchromatics, lub suab (ib ntus) system, qhov ntsuas ntawm uas muaj cov suab sib dhos hauv lub quarter tones. Octave rau Ch. suav nrog 24 suab theem (raws li txhais los ntawm MV Matyushin, "Lub kaw lus ntawm ob chromatism"). Rau qhov tshwj xeeb. Ch. s ncua sij hawm, ntxiv rau lub quarter-tones yooj yim, suav nrog derivative (composite) micro-intervals - 3/4 tones, 5/4 tones, 7/4 tones, thiab lwm yam. Thaum sau cov microtones ntawm Ch. siv cov cim tshwj xeeb (saib cov lus).

Kuj tseem muaj cov yuam sij tshwj xeeb:

("tus yuam sij siab") - qhov ua tau zoo ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntu ntawm daim 1/4 lub suab siab dua,

("tseem ceeb") - 1/4 suab qis. Feem ntau hom kev txhais lus ntawm chis yog: melismatic (microtones raws li kev kho kom zoo nkauj melodic, hu nkauj ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb), stepped (microtones raws li kev ywj pheej thiab sib npaug ntawm lub cev), sonoristic (microtones ua ib feem ntawm timbre-sound complexes siv los ua ywj siab me me; saib Sonorism).

Cov ntsiab lus Ch. Ameslikas tsim los ua suab paj nruag. kev xyaum thiab tau lees paub theoretically nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm li enharmonic microintervals. genus (saib Enarmonics ). Quarter tones tau txhais nyob rau hauv melody preim. melismatically. (Rau ib qho piv txwv ntawm Greek ancient "enbrmona", saib tsab xov xwm Melodiya) Intervals Ch. yog siv nyob rau hauv tsoos suab paj nruag ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm East. haiv neeg (Arabs, Turks, Iranians).

Hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, cov ntsiab lus ntawm Ch. Qee zaum pom raws li ib qho kev nrov ntawm antique. enarmonics. Kev sim hloov cov Greek frets (thiab genera) hauv niaj hnub. kev xyaum tau coj los ntawm qee tus kws ntaus nkauj ntawm 16th-17th centuries. rau kev siv lub quarter tones (hauv kev txhais lus melismatic, saib lub rooj, nrog rau hauv cov kauj ruam, saib qhov piv txwv hauv kab 524). Eve ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau cim los ntawm cov nthwv dej tshiab ntawm kev txaus siab hauv Ch. thiab rau microchromatics feem ntau (ntawm thawj yog cov kev sim ntawm AJ Gruss). Xyoo 1892 ib phau ntawv los ntawm GA Behrens-Zenegalden txog Ch. (txhais tau tias yog qhov tshiab tshaj plaws, raws li 24-kauj ruam system), nyob rau hauv uas cov cuab yeej sib raug zoo ("achromatisches Klavier") kuj tau npaj tseg, xyoo 1898 J. Fulds tau tsim ib lub voj voog-lub suab quartet. Nyob rau hauv 1900-1910s. rau Ch. Composers R. Stein, W. Möllendorff, IA Vyshnegradsky, C. Ives, thiab lwm tus tau thov. Czech composer thiab theorist A. Khaba. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thawj zaug ua haujlwm txog Ch. nyob rau hauv Russia (MV Matyushin, AS Lurie). Hauv 20s. 20th caug xyoo Ch. s. kawm thiab muaj tswv yim txawj owls. composers thiab theorists (compositions los ntawm GM Rimsky-Korsakov, AA Kenel, NA Malakhovskii; theoretical ua hauj lwm los ntawm GM Rimsky-Korsakov, VM Belyaev, AM Avraamov thiab lwm yam .). Ntau daim ntawv thov Ch. tau txais tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb thib 2 1939-45: nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov niaj hnub. chromatic tonality (12 semitones tsim ib hom "diatonic" nyob rau hauv kev sib raug rau lub quarter-tones), nyob rau hauv lub thiaj li hu. dawb atonality, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog seriality, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub sonoristic txhais ntawm Ch. P. Boulez, M. Kagel, S. Bussotti, A. Zimmerman, thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm Soviet composers hais rau nws. Qauv Ch. (sonorously xim suab ntawm cov hlua twj paj nruag nrog ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm maj mam sighs):

EV Denisov. Trio rau violin, cello thiab pianoforte, 1st txav, tuav 28-29.

References: Matyushin MV, Qhia rau kev kawm ntawm lub quarter tones rau violin, …, 1915; Lurie A., Rau cov suab paj nruag siab dua chromatism, nyob rau hauv Sat.: “Sagittarius”, P., 1915; Belyaev VM, Quarter-tone music, "Lub neej ntawm Art", 1925, No 18; Rimsky-Korsakov GM, Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm lub quarter-tone suab paj nruag system, "De musica", Sat. 1, L., 1925; ib. Kapelyush BN, Archives ntawm MV Matyushin thiab EG Guro, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv: Xyoo ntawm Phau Ntawv Qhia ntawm Lub Tsev Pushkin rau 1974, L., 1976; Vicentino N., L antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica, Roma, 1555, facsimile. ed., Kassel, 1959; Behrens-Senegalden GA, Die Vierteltöne hauv der Musik, B., 1892; Wellek A., Viertelton und Fortschritt, “NZfM”, 1925, Jahrg. 92; Wyschnegradsky I., Quartertonal music…, “Pro Musica Quarterly”, 1927; nws tus kheej, Manuel d harmonie a quarts de ton, P., (1932); Haba A., Flügel und Klavier der Vierteltonmusik, “Tuag Musik”, 1928, Jahrg. 21, H.3; nws, Mein Weg zur Viertel- und Sechstelton-Musik, Düsseldorf, 1971; Schneider S., Mikrotöne in der Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts, Bonn, 1975; Gojowy D., Neue sowjetische Musik der 20-en Jahre, (Laaber), 1980; Ludvová J., Anton Joseph Gruss (1816-1893) a jeho ctvrttуny, “Hudebnin veda”, 1980, No 2.

Yu. N. Kholopov