Pierre Boulez |

Pierre Boulez: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?

Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2000, Pierre Boulez muaj hnub nyoog 75 xyoos. Raws li ib tug neeg thuam British thuam, qhov ntsuas ntawm kev ua koob tsheej hnub tseem ceeb thiab lub suab ntawm doxology yuav ua rau txaj muag txawm tias Wagner nws tus kheej: "rau cov neeg sab nrauv nws yuav zoo li peb tab tom tham txog tus cawm seej ntawm lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag."

Hauv phau ntawv txhais lus thiab cov ntawv sau keeb kwm, Boulez zoo li "Fabkis composer thiab tus neeg xyuas pib." Tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm kev hwm tau mus, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, mus rau Boulez tus thawj coj, uas nws txoj haujlwm tsis tau ploj mus ntau xyoo. Raws li rau Boulez ua tus kws sau nkauj, dhau nees nkaum xyoo dhau los nws tsis tau tsim ib yam dab tsi tshiab. Lub caij no, kev cuam tshuam ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tom qab ua tsov rog Western suab paj nruag tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees ntau dhau.

Nyob rau hauv 1942-1945, Boulez kawm nrog Olivier Messiaen, uas nws cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv lub Paris Conservatory tej zaum yog lub ntsiab "incubator" ntawm avant-garde tswv yim nyob rau hauv Western Europe liberated los ntawm Nazism (raws li Boulez, lwm yam ncej ntawm lub suab paj nruas avant-garde - Karlheinz. Stockhausen, Yannis Xenakis, Jean Barrake, György Kurtág, Gilbert Ami thiab ntau lwm tus). Messiaen tau xa mus rau Boulez qhov kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb hauv cov teeb meem ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab cov suab paj nruag, nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag uas tsis yog-European, nrog rau cov tswv yim ntawm ib daim ntawv uas muaj cov kab sib cais thiab tsis hais txog kev txhim kho zoo ib yam. Boulez tus kws qhia thib ob yog Rene Leibovitz (1913–1972), tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag ntawm Polish keeb kwm, ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Schoenberg thiab Webern, tus paub zoo txog theorist ntawm kaum ob-tone serial txheej txheem (dodecaphony); lub tom kawg tau txais los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas European musicians ntawm Boulez tiam raws li ib tug tiag tiag kev tshwm sim, raws li ib tug kiag li tsim nyog lwm txoj rau lub dogmas ntawm nag hmo. Boulez kawm serial engineering hauv Leibowitz hauv 1945-1946. Tsis ntev nws tau ua nws thawj zaug nrog Thawj Piano Sonata (1946) thiab Sonatina rau Flute thiab Piano (1946), ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ntsuas me me, ua raws li Schoenberg cov zaub mov txawv. Lwm qhov kev ua yeeb yam thaum ntxov ntawm Boulez yog cantatas Lub ntsej muag Wedding (1946) thiab Lub Hnub ntawm Dej (1948) (ob qho tib si ntawm nqe lus los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam zoo nkauj René Char), Thib Ob Piano Sonata (1948), Phau Ntawv rau String Quartet ( 1949) - tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob tus kws qhia ntawv, nrog rau Debussy thiab Webern. Lub ci ci tus kheej ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas composer manifested nws tus kheej, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub so ntawm lub suab paj nruag, nyob rau hauv nws nervously torn kev ntxhib los mos thiab cov nplua nuj ntawm ntse dynamic thiab tempo contrasts.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1950s, Boulez defiantly tawm ntawm Schoenbergian orthodox dodecaphony qhia rau nws los ntawm Leibovitz. Nyob rau hauv nws obituary rau lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Viennese tshiab, defiantly lub npe "Schoenberg tuag", nws tshaj tawm hais tias Schoenberg lub suab paj nruag rooted nyob rau hauv lig Romanticism thiab yog li ntawd aesthetically tsis cuam tshuam, thiab koom nyob rau hauv radical thwmsim nyob rau hauv nruj "structuring" ntawm ntau yam tsis muaj suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv nws avant-garde radicalism, cov tub ntxhais hluas Boulez qee zaum kom meej meej hla txoj kab ntawm qhov laj thawj: txawm tias cov neeg tuaj saib thoob ntiaj teb kev ua koob tsheej ntawm cov suab paj nruag tam sim no hauv Donaueschingen, Darmstadt, Warsaw tseem nyob ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsis txaus siab rau cov qhab nia tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm nws lub sijhawm no "Polyphony. -X” rau 18 cov cuab yeej (1951) thiab thawj phau ntawv ntawm Cov Qauv rau ob lub piano (1952/53). Boulez tau hais txog nws txoj kev cog lus tsis raug cai rau cov tswv yim tshiab rau kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv suab tsis yog hauv nws txoj haujlwm nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj hauv cov ntawv thiab cov lus tshaj tawm. Yog li, hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov lus hais hauv xyoo 1952, nws tshaj tawm tias tus kws sau ntawv niaj hnub uas tsis xav tau kev siv thev naus laus zis, tsuas yog "tsis muaj leej twg xav tau." Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev nws cov kev xav tau softened los ntawm kev paub nrog kev ua hauj lwm ntawm tsis muaj tsawg radical, tab sis tsis yog li dogmatic cov npoj yaig - Edgar Varese, Yannis Xenakis, Gyorgy Ligeti; Tom qab ntawd, Boulez txaus siab ua lawv cov nkauj.

Boulez's style li tus kws sau ntawv tau hloov zuj zus mus rau qhov yooj yim dua. Nyob rau hauv 1954, los ntawm nws tus cwj mem los "Ib tug rauj yam tsis muaj ib tug tswv" - cuaj lub suab seev suab paj nruag voj voog rau contralto, alto flute, xylorimba (xylophone nrog ncua ntau), vibraphone, percussion, guitar thiab viola rau cov lus los ntawm René Char. . Tsis muaj ib ntus hauv Lub Rauj hauv qhov kev xav ib txwm; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm seriality, uas tsis lees paub cov qauv kev cai ntawm kev tsis tu ncua thiab kev loj hlob thiab lees paub qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm tus kheej lub sijhawm thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub suab paj nruag- qhov chaw. Lub cim timbre huab cua ntawm lub voj voog yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov poj niam lub suab qis thiab cov cuab yeej ze rau nws (alto) sau npe.

Hauv qee qhov chaw, cov teebmeem txawv txawv tshwm sim, nco txog lub suab ntawm cov tsoos Indonesian gamelan (percussion orchestra), Japanese koto stringed instrument, thiab lwm yam. Igor Stravinsky, uas txaus siab rau txoj haujlwm no, piv nws cov suab nrov nrog lub suab ntawm cov dej khov nab kuab ntaus. tiv thaiv phab ntsa iav khob. Lub Hammer tau poob mus rau hauv keeb kwm raws li ib qho ntawm cov zoo tshaj plaws, zoo nkauj tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, cov qhab nia piv txwv los ntawm lub hnub qub ntawm "zoo avant-garde".

Cov suab paj nruag tshiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hu ua avant-garde suab paj nruag, feem ntau yog thuam vim nws tsis muaj suab paj nruag. Hais txog Boulez, xws li kev thuam yog, nruj me ntsis hais lus, tsis ncaj ncees. Qhov tshwj xeeb nthuav tawm ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov hloov pauv tau thiab hloov pauv tau, kev zam ntawm cov qauv sib luag thiab rov ua dua, nplua nuj thiab sophisticated melismatics. Nrog rau tag nrho cov kev tsim nyog "tsim", Boulez cov kab melodic tsis qhuav thiab tsis muaj sia, tab sis yas thiab txawm tias elegant. Boulez lub suab paj nruag, uas coj cov duab hauv opuses tshwm sim los ntawm cov paj huam zoo nkauj ntawm René Char, tau tsim nyob rau hauv "Ob Improvisations tom qab Mallarmé" rau soprano, percussion thiab harp ntawm cov ntawv ntawm ob tug sonnets los ntawm Fabkis tus cim (1957). Boulez tom qab ntawd ntxiv qhov thib peb improvisation rau soprano thiab orchestra (1959), nrog rau cov lus qhia tseem ceeb tshaj plaws "Lub Khoom Plig" thiab lub suab paj nruag loj kawg nrog lub suab coda "Lub ntxa" (ob leeg rau cov lus los ntawm Mallarme; 1959-1962) . Qhov tshwm sim tsib lub voj voog, hu ua "Pli selon pli" (kwv yees txhais "Fold by Fold") thiab subtitled "Portrait of Mallarme", tau ua thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1962. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab lus hauv cov ntsiab lus no yog qee yam zoo li no: lub daim ntaub thaiv pov tseg ntawm tus kws sau paj huam maj mam, quav los ntawm quav, ntog tawm thaum lub suab paj nruag nthuav tawm. Lub voj voog "Pli selon pli", uas kav ntev li ib teev, tseem yog tus neeg sau ntau tshaj plaws, cov qhab nia loj tshaj plaws. Contrary to the author's preferences, Kuv xav hu nws ib tug "suab symphony": nws tsim nyog lub npe ib hom ntawv nyeem, yog hais tias tsuas yog vim hais tias nws muaj ib tug tsim system ntawm suab paj nruas thematic kev twb kev txuas ntawm qhov chaw thiab cia siab rau ib tug heev muaj zog thiab ua tau zoo heev core.

Raws li koj paub, qhov kev xav tsis thoob ntawm Mallarmé cov paj huam muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntxim nyiam rau Debussy thiab Ravel.

Tom qab them se rau lub cim-impressionist nam ntawm tus kws sau paj lug txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Fold, Boulez tsom rau nws amazing tshaj plaws creation - lub posthumously luam tawm tsis tiav Phau ntawv, nyob rau hauv uas "txhua yam kev xav yog ib tug yob ntawm pob txha" thiab uas, ntawm tag nrho cov, zoo li. ib qho "spontaneous scattering of stars", uas yog, muaj kev tswj hwm tus kheej, tsis yog linearly txiav txim, tab sis sab hauv kev sib cuam tshuam kev kos duab tawg. Mallarmé's "Phau Ntawv" muab Boulez lub tswv yim ntawm lub npe hu ua mobile form los yog "ua hauj lwm hauv kev kawm" (hauv lus Askiv - "ua hauj lwm hauv kev kawm"). Thawj qhov kev paub ntawm qhov no hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Boulez yog Thib Piano Sonata (1957); nws cov ntu ("formants") thiab cov ntu ib ntus hauv ntu tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ib qho kev txiav txim, tab sis ib qho ntawm cov qauv ("constellation") yuav tsum nyob hauv qhov chaw. Lub sonata tau ua raws li Figures-Doubles-Prismes rau orchestra (1963), Domaines rau clarinet thiab rau pawg ntawm cov twj paj nruag (1961-1968) thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam opuses uas tseem niaj hnub tshuaj xyuas thiab kho los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, txij li hauv paus ntsiab lus lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Ib qho ntawm ob peb qhov qhab nia Boulez lig nrog rau daim ntawv muab yog ib nrab teev "Ritual" rau lub suab paj nruag loj (1975), mob siab rau lub cim xeeb ntawm tus neeg muaj suab npe Italian, tus kws qhia ntawv thiab tus thawj coj Bruno Maderna (1920-1973).

Txij thaum pib ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tshaj lij, Boulez nrhiav tau lub koom haum muaj peev xwm zoo. Rov qab rau xyoo 1946, nws tau coj tus thawj coj suab paj nruag ntawm Paris theatre Marigny (The'a ^ tre Marigny), coj los ntawm tus naas ej actor thiab tus thawj coj Jean-Louis Barraud. Nyob rau hauv 1954, nyob rau hauv lub auspices ntawm lub ua yeeb yam, Boulez, ua ke nrog German Scherkhen thiab Piotr Suvchinsky, nrhiav tau lub koom haum kev hais kwv txhiaj "Domain suab paj nruas" ("Lub Domain ntawm Suab paj nruag"), uas nws qhia mus txog rau 1967. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los txhawb cov qub thiab. cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub no, thiab Domain Musical chamber orchestra tau dhau los ua qauv rau ntau pawg ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua XNUMX. Raws li kev coj ntawm Boulez, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tus tub ntxhais kawm Gilbert Amy, Domaine Musical orchestra tau sau tseg rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntau yam los ntawm cov neeg sau nkauj tshiab, los ntawm Schoenberg, Webern thiab Varese rau Xenakis, Boulez nws tus kheej thiab nws cov koom tes.

Txij li thaum nruab nrab-sixties, Boulez tau nce nws cov dej num raws li ib tug opera thiab symphony tus neeg xyuas pib ntawm "zoo tib yam" hom, tsis tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm ancient thiab niaj hnub suab paj nruag. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tsim khoom ntawm Boulez ua tus sau tau poob qis, thiab tom qab "Ritual" nws tau nres rau ntau xyoo. Ib qho laj thawj rau qhov no, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas txoj haujlwm, yog kev ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm lub koom haum hauv Paris ntawm lub chaw loj tshaj plaws rau cov suab paj nruag tshiab - Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Suab paj nruag thiab Acoustic Research, IRCAM. Nyob rau hauv cov dej num ntawm IRCAM, uas Boulez yog tus thawj coj mus txog rau thaum 1992, ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb sawv tawm: kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov suab paj nruag tshiab thiab kev tsim cov suab nrov synthesis technologies. Thawj qhov kev ua pej xeem ntawm lub koom haum yog lub voj voog ntawm 70 concerts ntawm suab paj nruag ntawm xyoo 1977th (1992). Ntawm lub koom haum, muaj ib pab pawg ua yeeb yam "Ensemble InterContemporin" ("International Contemporary Music Ensemble"). Lub sijhawm sib txawv, pawg thawj coj tau coj los ntawm cov neeg sib txawv (txij li xyoo 1982, tus txiv neej Askiv David Robertson), tab sis nws yog Boulez uas yog nws feem ntau lees paub tus thawj coj tsis raug cai lossis ib nrab ntawm kev kos duab. IRCAM lub hauv paus thev naus laus zis, uas suav nrog cov cuab yeej siv suab nrov hauv lub xeev, yog tsim rau cov neeg sau los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb; Boulez siv nws nyob rau hauv ob peb opuses, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm uas yog "Responsorium" rau instrumental ensemble thiab suab synthesized nyob rau hauv lub computer (1990). Hauv XNUMXs, lwm qhov haujlwm loj Boulez tau ua tiav hauv Paris - Cite' de la musique concert, tsev cia puav pheej thiab kev kawm complex. Ntau tus ntseeg tias Boulez txoj kev cuam tshuam rau Fabkis cov suab paj nruag yog qhov zoo heev, tias nws IRCAM yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab uas tsim cov suab paj nruag uas tau ploj mus ntev rau lwm lub tebchaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau dhau ntawm Boulez nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm Fabkis piav qhia qhov tseeb tias niaj hnub Fabkis cov kws sau ntawv uas tsis koom nrog Boulezian lub voj voog, nrog rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam Fab Kis ntawm nruab nrab thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tiam, tsis ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb. Tab sis ua li ntawd, Boulez muaj npe nrov thiab muaj cai txaus, tsis quav ntsej txog kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb, txuas ntxiv ua nws txoj haujlwm, lossis, yog tias koj nyiam, ua raws nws txoj cai.

Yog tias, raws li tus kws sau nkauj thiab suab paj nruag, Boulez evokes tus cwj pwm nyuaj rau nws tus kheej, ces Boulez ua tus thawj coj tuaj yeem raug hu nrog kev ntseeg siab tag nrho yog ib tus neeg sawv cev loj tshaj plaws ntawm txoj haujlwm no hauv keeb kwm ntawm nws lub neej. Boulez tsis tau txais kev kawm tshwj xeeb, ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm kev coj ua cov txheej txheem nws tau qhia los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm cov neeg laus uas tau mob siab rau qhov ua rau lub suab paj nruag tshiab - Roger Desormière, Herman Scherchen thiab Hans Rosbaud (tom qab ntawd thawj tus ua yeeb yam ntawm "Lub Hammer tsis muaj ib qho kev ua yeeb yam"). Master" thiab thawj ob "Improvisations raws li Mallarme"). Tsis zoo li yuav luag tag nrho lwm cov "hnub qub" tus thawj coj niaj hnub no, Boulez pib ua tus txhais lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub, feem ntau nws tus kheej, nrog rau nws tus kws qhia Messiaen. Ntawm cov classics ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, nws repertoire tau pib los ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm Debussy, Schoenberg, Berg, Webern, Stravinsky (Lavxias lub sijhawm), Varese, Bartok. Kev xaiv ntawm Boulez feem ntau tau hais tsis yog los ntawm sab ntsuj plig ze rau ib tug lossis lwm tus sau lossis kev hlub rau qhov no lossis cov nkauj ntawd, tab sis los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub hom phiaj kev kawm. Piv txwv li, nws tau lees paub tias ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Schoenberg muaj cov uas nws tsis nyiam, tab sis suav tias yog nws lub luag haujlwm los ua, vim nws paub meej txog lawv cov keeb kwm thiab kev kos duab tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev zam no tsis ntev rau txhua tus kws sau ntawv, uas feem ntau suav nrog hauv cov suab paj nruag tshiab: Boulez tseem suav tias yog Prokofiev thiab Hindemith ua tus thib ob-tus kws sau ntawv, thiab Shostakovich yog tus thib peb (los ntawm txoj kev, qhia los ntawm ID. Glikman nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Leters rau phooj ywg" zaj dab neeg ntawm yuav ua li cas Boulez hnia Shostakovich txhais tes nyob rau hauv New York yog apocryphal; nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog feem ntau yuav tsis Boulez, tab sis Leonard Bernstein, ib tug zoo-paub hlub ntawm xws li ua yeeb yam piav tes piav taw).

Ib lub sijhawm tseem ceeb hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Boulez ua tus thawj coj yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm Alban Berg's Opera Wozzeck ntawm Paris Opera (1963). Qhov kev ua yeeb yam no, ua yeeb yam zoo heev Walter Berry thiab Isabelle Strauss, tau kaw los ntawm CBS thiab muaj rau cov neeg mloog niaj hnub no ntawm Sony Classical discs. Los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj, tseem yog qhov tshiab thiab txawv txawv rau lub sijhawm ntawd, opera nyob rau hauv lub citadel ntawm kev saib xyuas, uas tau suav hais tias yog Grand Opera Theatre, Boulez paub nws lub tswv yim nyiam ntawm kev koom ua ke kev kawm thiab niaj hnub ua yeeb yam. Los ntawm no, ib tug yuav hais tias, pib Boulez txoj hauj lwm raws li ib tug Kapellmeister ntawm "zoo tib yam" hom. Xyoo 1966, Wieland Wagner, tus kws sau ntawv tus tub xeeb ntxwv, tus thawj coj ua yeeb yam thiab tus thawj coj paub txog nws cov tswv yim tsis zoo thiab feem ntau tsis zoo, caw Boulez mus rau Bayreuth los ua Parsifal. Ib xyoos tom qab, ntawm kev ncig xyuas ntawm Bayreuth troupe hauv Nyij Pooj, Boulez tau ua Tristan und Isolde (muaj ib daim vis dis aus ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam no ua yeeb yam rau xyoo 1960s Wagner ob peb Birgit Nilsson thiab Wolfgang Windgassen; Legato Classics LCV 005, 2 VHS; 1967) .

Txog thaum xyoo 1978, Boulez rov qab mus rau Bayreuth los ua Parsifal, thiab qhov ua tiav ntawm nws txoj haujlwm Bayreuth yog hnub tseem ceeb (nyob rau 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub premiere) tsim ntawm Der Ring des Nibelungen hauv 1976; lub ntiaj teb no xovxwm dav tshaj tawm no ntau lawm li "Lub Nplhaib ntawm lub xyoo pua". Hauv Bayreuth, Boulez tau ua tetralogy rau plaub xyoos tom ntej no, thiab nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam (hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Patrice Chereau, uas nrhiav kev hloov kho tshiab) tau kaw rau hauv discs thiab video cassettes los ntawm Philips (12 CD: 434 421-2 - 434 432-2; 7 VHS: 070407-3; 1981).

Lub xya caum xyoo nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub opera tau cim los ntawm lwm yam tseem ceeb tshwm sim uas Boulez tau ncaj qha mus koom: nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1979, nyob rau hauv lub Paris Opera, nyob rau hauv nws cov kev taw qhia, lub ntiaj teb no premiere ntawm tag nrho version ntawm Berg lub opera Lulu. coj qhov chaw (raws li paub, Berg tuag, tawm hauv ib feem loj ntawm lub thib peb ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv sketches; ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lawv orchestration, uas ua tau tsuas yog tom qab kev tuag ntawm Berg tus poj ntsuam, tau ua los ntawm Austrian composer thiab neeg xyuas pib. Friedrich Cerha). Shero qhov kev tsim tawm tau txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv ib txwm sophisticated erotic style rau tus thawj coj, uas, txawm li cas los xij, zoo kawg nkaus haum Berg's opera nrog nws tus poj niam hypersexual.

Ntxiv rau cov haujlwm no, Boulez's operatic repertoire suav nrog Debussy's Pelléas thiab Mélisande, Bartók's Castle ntawm Duke Bluebeard, Schoenberg's Mauxes thiab Aaron. Qhov tsis muaj Verdi thiab Puccini hauv daim ntawv teev npe no yog qhov qhia tau, tsis hais txog Mozart thiab Rossini. Boulez, nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm, tau rov hais dua nws tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm hom kev ua haujlwm zoo li no; Thaj, ib yam dab tsi inherent nyob rau hauv tiag, yug opera conductors yog neeg txawv teb chaws rau nws artistic xwm. Boulez's opera recordings feem ntau ua rau muaj kev xav tsis meej: ntawm ib sab, lawv paub txog "kev lag luam" cov yam ntxwv ntawm Boulez's style raws li qhov kev qhuab qhia siab tshaj plaws, ua tib zoo saib xyuas txhua qhov kev sib raug zoo vertically thiab horizontally, txawv txawv meej, sib txawv articulation txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj tshaj plaws. heaps, nrog rau lwm yam yog tias kev xaiv ntawm cov neeg hu nkauj qee zaum kom meej meej tawm ntau yam uas xav tau. Lub studio kaw ntawm "Pelléas et Mélisande", nqa tawm thaum xyoo 1960s los ntawm CBS, yog yam ntxwv: lub luag haujlwm ntawm Pelléas, npaj rau ib txwm Fabkis siab baritone, lub npe hu ua baritone-Martin (tom qab tus hu nkauj J.-B. Martin, 1768 – 1837), rau qee qhov laj thawj tso siab rau qhov hloov pauv tau, tab sis stylistically tsis txaus rau nws lub luag haujlwm, ua yeeb yam tenor George Shirley. Lub ntsiab soloists ntawm "Ring of the Century" - Gwyneth Jones (Brünnhilde), Donald McIntyre (Wotan), Manfred Jung (Siegfried), Jeannine Altmeyer (Sieglinde), Peter Hoffman (Siegmund) - feem ntau lees txais, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv: lawv tsis muaj ib tug neeg ci ntsa iab. Ntau dua los yog tsawg dua tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm "Parsifal", sau tseg hauv Bayreuth xyoo 1970 - James King (Parsifal), tib yam McIntyre (Gurnemanz) thiab Jones (Kundry). Teresa Stratas yog ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam thiab ntaus suab paj nruag, tab sis nws tsis tas yuav rov tsim cov kab lus nyuaj hauv Lulu nrog qhov tseeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tsis nco qab qhov kev txawj ntse thiab suab paj nruag zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom hauv qhov thib ob kaw ntawm Bartok "Duke Bluebeard's Castle" ua los ntawm Boulez - Jesse Norman thiab Laszlo Polgara (DG 447 040-2; 1994).

Ua ntej coj IRCAM thiab Entercontamporen Ensemble, Boulez yog Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Cleveland Orchestra (1970–1972), British Broadcasting Corporation Symphony Orchestra (1971–1974) thiab New York Philharmonic Orchestra (1971–1977). Nrog rau cov pab pawg no, nws tau ua ntau cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg rau CBS, tam sim no Sony Classical, ntau yam, tsis muaj exaggeration, enduring tus nqi. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no siv rau kev sau ntawm orchestral tej hauj lwm los ntawm Debussy (ntawm ob discs) thiab Ravel (ntawm peb discs).

Hauv kev txhais lus ntawm Boulez, cov suab paj nruag no, yam tsis tau poob dab tsi ntawm txoj kev tshav ntuj, softness ntawm kev hloov pauv, ntau yam thiab kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov xim timbre, qhia txog crystal transparency thiab purity ntawm cov kab, thiab hauv qee qhov chaw kuj indomitable rhythmic siab thiab dav symphonic ua pa. Cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam suav nrog cov kaw lus Zoo Tshaj Lij Mandarin, Suab paj nruag rau Strings, Percussion thiab Celesta, Bartók's Concerto rau Orchestra, Tsib Daim rau Orchestra, Serenade, Schoenberg's Orchestral Variations, thiab qee cov qhab nia los ntawm cov hluas Stravinsky (txawm li cas los xij, Stravinsky nws tus kheej. tsis txaus siab rau qhov kev sau tseg ua ntej ntawm The Rite of Spring, tawm tswv yim txog qhov no: "Qhov no phem tshaj qhov kuv xav tau, paub txog qib siab ntawm Maestro Boulez cov qauv"), Varese's América thiab Arcana, tag nrho ntawm Webern's orchestral compositions ...

Zoo li nws tus kws qhia ntawv Hermann Scherchen, Boulez tsis siv rab chais thiab ua kom txhob txwm tswj hwm, zoo li kev lag luam, uas - nrog rau nws lub koob npe nrov rau kev sau ntawv txias, distilled, lej suav cov qhab nia - pub cov kev xav nrov ntawm nws raws li ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm ib tug ntshiab. Lub hom phiaj warehouse, muaj peev xwm thiab txhim khu kev qha , tab sis qhuav qhuav (txawm tias nws incomparable txhais ntawm cov Impressionists raug thuam vim yog cov duab ntau dhau thiab, yog li hais, tsis txaus "impressionistic"). Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas zoo li no tsis txaus rau qhov ntsuas ntawm Boulez qhov khoom plig. Ua tus thawj coj ntawm cov orchestras, Boulez ua tsis tau tsuas yog Wagner thiab suab paj nruag ntawm 4489th caug xyoo, tab sis kuj Haydn, Beethoven, Schubert, Berlioz, Liszt ... firms. Piv txwv li, lub tuam txhab Memories tau tso tawm Schumann's Scenes los ntawm Faust (HR 90/7), ua rau lub Peb Hlis 1973, 425 hauv London nrog kev koom tes ntawm BBC Choir thiab Orchestra thiab Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau hauv lub luag haujlwm lub npe (los ntawm txoj kev, luv luv. Ua ntej qhov no, tus neeg hu nkauj tau ua thiab "ua haujlwm" sau Faust ntawm lub tuam txhab Decca (705 2-1972; XNUMX) nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Benjamin Britten - tus neeg nrhiav pom tiag tiag hauv lub xyoo pua nees nkaum xyoo no lig, tsis sib xws, tab sis nyob rau qee qhov chaw ci ntsa iab Schumann qhab nia). Nyob deb ntawm tus qauv zoo ntawm cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv tsis tiv thaiv peb los ntawm kev txaus siab rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tswv yim thiab kev ua tiav ntawm nws qhov kev siv; cov neeg mloog tsuas yog khib cov neeg muaj hmoo uas tau mus rau hauv lub rooj sib tham hmo ntawd. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm Boulez thiab Fischer-Dieskau - tshuab raj, nws yuav zoo li, txawv ntawm cov txuj ci - tsis muaj dab tsi xav tau. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm Faust txoj kev tuag suab ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm pathos, thiab ntawm cov lus "Verweile doch, du bist so schon" ("Huag, koj zoo npaum li cas, tos me ntsis!" - txhais los ntawm B. Pasternak), lub illusion ntawm lub sij hawm nres yog amazingly tiav.

Raws li lub taub hau ntawm IRCAM thiab Ensemble Entercontamporen, Boulez ib txwm tau them nyiaj ntau rau cov nkauj tshiab.

Ntxiv rau cov hauj lwm ntawm Messiaen thiab nws tus kheej, nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus siab nrog rau hauv nws cov kev pab cuam lub suab paj nruag ntawm Elliot Carter, György Ligeti, György Kurtág, Harrison Birtwistle, kuj tseem hluas composers ntawm lub voj voog IRCAM. Nws yog thiab tseem tsis ntseeg txog kev zam minimalism thiab "kev yooj yim tshiab", piv rau cov khw noj mov ceev: "zoo, tab sis tsis txaus siab kiag li." Kev thuam cov suab paj nruag pob zeb rau primitivism, rau "qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntau ntawm cov stereotypes thiab clichés", nws txawm li cas los xij lees paub hauv nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv " tseem ceeb"; Nyob rau hauv 1984, nws txawm kaw nrog lub Ensemble Entercontamporen lub disc "The Perfect Stranger" nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm Frank Zappa (EMI). Xyoo 1989, nws tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb nrog Deutsche Grammophon, thiab ob xyoos tom qab ntawd tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm ua tus thawj coj ntawm IRCAM los mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev sau ntawv thiab kev ua yeeb yam ua tus thawj coj qhua. Ntawm Deutsche Grammo-phon, Boulez tau tso tawm cov nkauj tshiab los ntawm Debussy, Ravel, Bartok, Webburn (nrog rau Cleveland, Berlin Philharmonic, Chicago Symphony thiab London Symphony Orchestras); tshwj tsis yog rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg, lawv tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo dua li cov ntawv tshaj tawm CBS yav dhau los. Cov novelties zoo xws li Paj Huam ntawm Ecstasy, Piano Concerto thiab Prometheus los ntawm Scriabin (pianist Anatoly Ugorsky yog tus soloist hauv ob qho haujlwm kawg); I, IV-VII thiab IX symphonies thiab Mahler's "Song of the Earth"; Bruckner's symphonies VIII thiab IX; “Yog li hais Zarathustra” los ntawm R. Strauss. Nyob rau hauv Boulez's Mahler, figurativeness, sab nrauv impressiveness, tej zaum, yeej tshaj qhia thiab lub siab xav qhia metaphysical qhov tob. Cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv ntawm Bruckner Lub Yimth Symphony, ua nrog Vienna Philharmonic thaum lub sijhawm Bruckner kev ua koob tsheej xyoo 1996, yog qhov zoo nkauj heev thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev txhais lus ntawm cov yug "Brucknerians" nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm impressive suab tsim, grandiosity ntawm climaxes, qhia kev nplua nuj ntawm cov kab melodic, frenzy nyob rau hauv lub scherzo thiab sublime contemplation nyob rau hauv lub adagio. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Boulez tsis ua qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb thiab qee qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm Bruckner daim ntawv, qhov tsis muaj kev hlub tshua ntawm cov sequences thiab ostinato repetitions. Curiously, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Boulez tau meej meej softened nws tus qub hostile cwj pwm ntawm Stravinsky lub "neoclassical" opuses; ib qho ntawm nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws discs tsis ntev los no suav nrog Symphony ntawm Psalms thiab Symphony hauv Peb Lub Zog (nrog Berlin Xov Tooj Cua Choir thiab Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra). Muaj kev cia siab tias ntau yam ntawm tus tswv nyiam yuav nthuav dav ntxiv, thiab leej twg paub, tej zaum peb tseem yuav hnov ​​​​cov haujlwm ntawm Verdi, Puccini, Prokofiev thiab Shostakovich ua los ntawm nws.

Levon Hakopyan, 2001