Albert Roussel |

Albert Roussel

Biography ntawm A. Roussel, ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb Fabkis composers ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 25th, yog txawv. Nws siv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas caij nkoj hla hiav txwv Indian thiab Pacific Oceans, zoo li N. Rimsky-Korsakov, nws tau mus xyuas cov teb chaws txawv. Tub ceev xwm Naval Roussel tsis txawm xav txog suab paj nruag ua haujlwm. Tsuas yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1894 nws puas tau txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej nkaus rau suab paj nruag. Tom qab ib ntus ntawm kev tsis txaus siab thiab tsis ntseeg, Roussel thov kom nws tawm haujlwm thiab nyob hauv lub nroog me me ntawm Roubaix. Ntawm no nws pib cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag hauv zos. Txij thaum Lub Kaum Hli 4 Roussel nyob hauv Paris, qhov chaw nws coj cov lus qhia los ntawm E. Gigot. Tom qab 1902 xyoo, nws nkag mus rau hauv Schola cantorum nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm V. d'Andy, qhov twg twb nyob rau hauv XNUMX nws tau raug caw mus rau tus thawj xibfwb ntawm counterpoint. Nyob ntawd nws tau qhia kom txog thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib tshwm sim. Roussel cov chav kawm yog kawm los ntawm cov kws sau nkauj uas tom qab ntawd coj qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev ua suab paj nruag ntawm Fabkis, E. Satie, E. Varèse, P. Le Flem, A. Roland-Manuel.

Roussel thawj cov ntawv sau, ua raws li nws cov kev taw qhia hauv 1898. thiab tau txais ib qho khoom plig ntawm kev sib tw ntawm Society of Composers, tsis muaj sia nyob. Nyob rau hauv 1903, symphonic hauj lwm "Kev Sawv Rov Los", tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshiab los ntawm L. Tolstoy, tau ua nyob rau hauv lub concerts ntawm lub National Musical Society (A. Corto ua). Thiab txawm tias ua ntej qhov kev tshwm sim no, lub npe ntawm Roussel tau paub hauv lub suab paj nruag ua tsaug rau nws lub chamber thiab suab paj nruag (Trio rau piano, violin thiab cello, Plaub paj huam rau lub suab thiab piano rau nqe lus los ntawm A. Renier, "Lub Sij Hawm Dhau" rau piano).

Kev txaus siab nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ua rau Roussel rov qab taug kev mus rau Is Nrias teb, Cambodia thiab Ceylon. Tus kws sau nkauj dua qhuas cov tuam tsev zoo nkauj, tuaj koom kev ua yeeb yam duab ntxoov ntxoo, mloog gamelan orchestra. Lub ruins ntawm lub ancient Indian nroog ntawm Chittor, qhov twg Padmavati ib zaug reigned, ua ib tug zoo kawg nkaus lub tswv yim rau nws. Sab Hnub Tuaj, uas nws lub suab paj nruag Roussel tau paub txog thaum nws tseem hluas, ua rau nws cov lus suab paj nruag zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub xyoo thaum ntxov, tus composer siv cov yam ntxwv intonational nta ntawm Indian, Cambodian, Indonesian suab paj nruag. Cov duab ntawm sab hnub tuaj yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv opera-ballet Padmavati, staged ntawm Grand Opera (1923) thiab muaj kev vam meej. Tom qab ntawd, hauv 30s. Roussel yog ib qho ntawm thawj zaug siv hauv nws txoj haujlwm uas hu ua kab txawv - Greek, Suav, Khab (Sonata rau Violin thiab Piano).

Roussel tsis tau khiav tawm ntawm Impressionism. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ua si ballet Lub Koobtsheej ntawm Kab laug sab (1912), nws tau tsim cov qhab nia sau tseg rau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov duab, elegant, inventive orchestration.

Kev koom tes hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib yog qhov hloov pauv hauv lub neej ntawm Roussel. Rov qab los ntawm pem hauv ntej, tus composer hloov nws cov tswv yim style. Nws txuas nrog cov qauv tshiab ntawm neoclassicism. "Albert Roussel tab tom tawm mus," tus neeg thuam E. Viyermoz, uas yog tus neeg nyiam kev xav, "tso tawm yam tsis tau hais lus zoo, nyob ntsiag to, tsom ntsoov, txwv tsis pub ... Nws yuav tawm mus, nws yuav tawm mus, nws yuav tawm mus. Tab sis qhov twg? Kev tawm mus los ntawm impressionism twb pom nyob rau hauv Lub Ob Hlis 1919 (22-1930). Nyob rau hauv Thib Peb (1934) thiab Plaub Symphonies (35-XNUMX), tus kws sau ntawv tau nce siab ntxiv rau nws tus kheej ntawm txoj kev tshiab, tsim cov haujlwm uas lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau nce mus rau qhov ua ntej.

Thaum kawg ntawm 20s. Roussel cov ntawv sau ua nto moo txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1930, nws mus rau lub teb chaws USA thiab yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam ntawm nws thib peb Symphony los ntawm lub Boston Symphony Orchestra nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm S. Koussevitzky, nyob rau hauv uas nws txiav txim nws tau sau.

Roussel muaj txoj cai zoo ua tus kws qhia ntawv. Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj ntau tus kws sau ntawv nto moo ntawm xyoo 1935th: nrog rau cov uas tau hais los saum no, cov no yog B. Martinou, K. Risager, P. Petridis. Los ntawm 1937 mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej (XNUMX), Roussel yog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Nrov Musical Federation ntawm Fabkis.

Txhais nws lub hom phiaj, tus kws sau nkauj tau hais tias: "Kev coj noj coj ua ntawm sab ntsuj plig muaj txiaj ntsig yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua lub zej zog uas lees tias yog kev coj noj coj ua, thiab ntawm lwm yam kev ua yeeb yam, suab paj nruag yog qhov qhia tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov txiaj ntsig no."

V. Ilyeva

Cov khoom xyaw:

Ua yeeb yam – Padmavati (opera-ballet, op. 1918; 1923, Paris), Yug ntawm Lyre (lyric, La Naissance de la lyre, 1925, Paris), Phau Testament ntawm Phauj Caroline (Le Testament de la tante Caroline, 1936, Olmouc , hauv Czech . lang.; 1937, Paris, in French); pov pob - Lub Koobtsheej ntawm Kab laug sab (Le festin de l'araignee. 1-act pantomime ballet; 1913, Paris), Bacchus thiab Ariadne (1931, Paris), Aeneas (nrog hu nkauj; 1935, Brussels); Spells (Evocations, for soloists, choir and orchestra, 1922); rau orchestra – 4 symphonies (Forest paj huam – La Poeme de la foret, programmatic, 1906; 1921, 1930, 1934), symphonic paj huam: Hnub Sunday (Kev Sawv Rov Los, raws li L. Tolstoy, 1903) thiab Caij nplooj ntoos hlav Festival (Pour une fete de printemps, ), suite F-dur (Suite en Fa, 1920), Petite suite (1926), Flemish Rhapsody (Rapsodie flamande, 1929), symphoniette rau txoj hlua orchestra. (1936); compositions rau tub rog orchestra; rau instrument thiab orchestra -fp. concerto (1927), concertino rau wlc. (1936); chamber instrumental ensembles - duet rau bassoon nrog ob bass (los yog nrog vlc., 1925), trio - p. (1902), hlua (1937), rau lub raj nplaim, viola thiab woofer. (1929), ib. quartet (1932), divertissement rau sextet (sab ntsuj plig quintet thiab piano, 1906), sonatas rau Skr. nrog fp. (1908, 1924), tej daim rau piano, organ, harp, guitar, flute thiab clarinet nrog piano; pawg hu nkauj; nkauj; suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam, suav nrog R. Rolland qhov kev ua yeeb yam "Lub Xya Hli 14" (ua ke nrog A. Honegger thiab lwm tus, 1936, Paris).

Literary tej hauj lwm: Paub kev xaiv, (P., 1936); Reflections on music today, в кн.: Bernard R., A. Roussel, P., 1948.

References: Jourdan-Morhange H., Mes amis musiciens, P., 1955 (Lavxias teb sab txhais – Jourdan-Morhange E., Kuv tus phooj ywg yog ib tug tshuab raj, M., 1966); Schneerson G., French Music ntawm 1964th Century, Moscow, 1970, XNUMX.