Alexey Machavariani |
Alexey Machavariani
Machavariani yog ib tus kws sau nkauj hauv tebchaws uas xav tsis thoob. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws muaj ib tug ntse ntse ntawm modernity. … Machavariani muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov organic fusion ntawm kev paub ntawm lub teb chaws thiab txawv teb chaws suab paj nruag. K. Karaev
A. Machavariani yog ib tus kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Georgia. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub suab paj nruag kos duab ntawm lub koom pheej yog inextricably txuas nrog lub npe ntawm no artist. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, lub nobility thiab majestic kev zoo nkauj ntawm pej xeem polyphony, ancient Georgian chants thiab sharpness, impulsiveness ntawm niaj hnub txhais tau tias ntawm suab paj nruas qhia tau ua ke.
Machavariani yug hauv Gori. Ntawm no yog tus naas ej Gori Cov Xib Fwb Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab, uas tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev kawm hauv Transcaucasia (suab paj nruag U. Gadzhibekov thiab M. Magomayev kawm nyob ntawd). Txij li thaum yau, Machavariani tau ncig los ntawm pej xeem suab paj nruag thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm leej txiv ntawm yav tom ntej composer, uas coj ib tug amateur hu nkauj, cov txawj ntse ntawm Gori sau, pej xeem nkauj suab.
Nyob rau hauv 1936, Machavariani kawm tiav los ntawm Tbilisi State Conservatory nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm P. Ryazanov, thiab nyob rau hauv 1940, nws kawm tiav nws postgraduate kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm no zoo xib fwb. Nyob rau hauv 1939, thawj symphonic tej hauj lwm los ntawm Machavariani tau tshwm sim - paj huam "Oak thiab yoov tshaj cum" thiab paj huam nrog hu nkauj "Gorian Pictures".
Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, tus kws sau nkauj tau sau piano concerto (1944), uas D. Shostakovich tau hais tias: "Nws tus kws sau ntawv yog ib tug tub ntxhais hluas thiab tsis xav tsis thoob qhov khoom plig. Nws muaj nws tus kheej muaj tswv yim tus kheej, nws tus kheej composer tus style. Lub Opera Niam thiab Tub (1945, raws li cov paj huam ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm I. Chavchavadze) tau los ua cov lus teb rau cov xwm txheej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws sau paj huam yuav sau zaj paj huam Arsen rau cov neeg hu nkauj thiab hu nkauj hu nkauj cappella (1946), Thawj Symphony (1947) thiab paj huam rau orchestra thiab hu nkauj Rau Kev Tuag ntawm Hero (1948).
Nyob rau hauv 1950, Machavariani tau tsim lub lyrical-romantic Violin Concerto, uas txij li thaum khov kho nkag mus rau lub repertoire ntawm Soviet thiab txawv teb chaws ua yeeb yam.
Lub majestic oratorio "Hnub ntawm Kuv Niam" (1952) hu nkauj ntawm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, kev zoo nkauj ntawm thaj av ib txwm muaj. Lub voj voog ntawm cov duab suab paj nruag, permeated nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem, yog raws li cov khoom siv suab paj nruag, txhais ua ib qho kev nyiam romantic. Qhov kev xav ntawm kev xav ntawm tus nkhaus, ib hom epigraph ntawm lub oratorio, yog lub suab paj nruag-tshaj tawm ntu 1, hu ua "Morning of my Motherland".
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov xwm txheej kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv Machavariani lub chamber-instrumental compositions: hauv kev ua si "Khorumi" (1949) thiab nyob rau hauv lub ballad "Bazalet Lake" (1951) rau piano, nyob rau hauv lub violin miniatures "Doluri", "Lazuri. "(1962). "Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Georgian suab paj nruag" hu ua K. Karaev Tsib monologues rau baritone thiab orchestra ntawm st. V. Pshavela (1968).
Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Machavariani yog nyob rau ntawm ballet Othello (1957), ua los ntawm V. Chabukiani nyob rau theem ntawm Tbilisi State Academic Opera thiab Ballet Theatre hauv tib lub xyoo. A. Khachaturian tau sau tias nyob rau hauv "Othello" Machavariani "qhia nws tus kheej ua tub rog tag nrho raws li tus kws sau ntawv, tus neeg xav, pej xeem." Lub suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam choreographic no yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem dav dav ntawm leitmotifs, uas yog symphonically hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Embodying cov duab ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm W. Shakespeare, Machavariani hais lub teb chaws suab paj nruas hom lus thiab tib lub sij hawm mus dhau qhov txwv ntawm ethnographic affiliation. Daim duab ntawm Othello nyob rau hauv lub ballet yog me ntsis txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau. Machavariani coj nws kom ze li sai tau rau cov duab ntawm Desdemona - lub cim ntawm kev zoo nkauj, zoo tagnrho ntawm femininity, embodying cov cim ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ib tug lyrical thiab nthuav qhia. Tus kws sau ntawv kuj tseem hais txog Shakespeare hauv Opera Hamlet (1974). "Ib tug tsuas muaj peev xwm khav theeb xws li ua siab loj nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau tej hauj lwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no classics," sau K. Karaev.
Ib qho kev tshwm sim zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai ntawm lub tebchaws yog tus neeg ntaus pob "Tus Knight hauv Panther's Skin" (1974) raws li cov paj huam los ntawm S. Rustaveli. A. Machavariani hais tias "Thaum ua haujlwm rau nws, kuv tau ntsib qhov kev zoo siab tshwj xeeb," - "Cov paj huam ntawm tus poj Rustaveli yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub txhab nyiaj ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg Georgian," peb hu thiab chij ", hauv cov lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam." Siv niaj hnub txhais tau tias ntawm suab paj nruag qhia (serial txheej txheem, polyharmonic ua ke, complex modal formations), Machavariani Ameslikas muab cov tswv yim ntawm polyphonic txoj kev loj hlob nrog Georgian pej xeem polyphony.
Nyob rau hauv lub 80s. tus composer yog active. Nws sau qhov thib peb, Plaub ("Youthful"), thib tsib thiab thib rau symphonies, lub ballet "Taming ntawm Shrew", uas, ua ke nrog tus neeg dhia tes "Othello" thiab lub opera "Hamlet", ua tus Shakespearean triptych. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej - lub Xya Symphony, tus ballet "Pirosmani".
“Tus kws kos duab tseeb yeej ib txwm nyob ntawm txoj kev. … Creativity yog ob qho tib si ua hauj lwm thiab kev xyiv fab, kev zoo siab uas incomparable ntawm ib tug kws kos duab. Tus kws sau ntawv Soviet zoo Alexei Davidovich Machavariani kuj muaj qhov kev zoo siab no "(K. Karaev).
N. Aleksenko
