Suab Nkauj |
Greek parodia, los ntawm para - tawm tsam, txawm tias thiab ode - nkauj
1) Exaggerated, comic. imitation ntawm ib co suab paj nruag. style, ib hom ntawv nyeem, tus kheej music. ua haujlwm. P. ntawm hom no tau tsim txij li xyoo pua 17th. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ob lub ntsiab lus tshiab yog siv, uas nyob rau hauv nws cov ntsiab lus tsis sib haum xeeb nrog lub suab paj nruag, nrog rau kev ua kom pom tseeb, ua kom pom tseeb ntawm txhua qhov nta, cov tswv yim nthuav tawm, thiab cov suab paj nruag uas raug muab los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, tus tsim qauv thiab tus qauv tsim. cais ua haujlwm. thiab harmonic. kiv puag ncig. Qhov ntawd. parodied txawv. yam wok.-instr. suab paj nruag. Yav dhau los, P. tau muab faib rau decomp. cov qauv ntawm opera art. Fabkis nyob rau 17th thiab 18th centuries. yuav luag tag nrho cov operas nrov tau parodied; Opera theaters tau tsim nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws thiab. 7 P. paub txog Lully's Opera Attis. P. in Italian. opera style thiab opera-series los ntawm GF Handel - "The Beggar's Opera" los ntawm J. Gay thiab J. Pepush cim qhov pib ntawm lus Askiv. ballad opera. Opera ua yeeb yam feem ntau tau tsim nyob rau hauv hom operetta (Offenbach's Orpheus in Hell). Lavxias teb sab qauv. opera parodies - Vampuka (tso tawm hauv 1909), nrog rau Bogatyrs los ntawm Borodin (tso tawm hauv 1867). Cov neeg Lavxias tau tsim. P. thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv yog cov romance "Classic" thiab wok. Mussorgsky's Rayok cycle, wok. quartet "Serenade ntawm plaub tus txiv neej rau ib tug poj niam" los ntawm Borodin, "Rкverie d'un faune apris la lecture de son journal" ("Dreams of a faun after reading a newspaper") Cui for piano. (ib tug parody ntawm lub orc. op. Debussy "Prelude rau? Tom qab ntawm ib tug Faun" "). Cov khoom ntawm hom no khaws lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau thaj chaw ntawm P. cycles E. Satie. Los ntawm P. feem ntau resorted rau hauv nws Op. DD Shostakovich (ballets The Golden Age thiab Bolt, opera Katerina Izmailova, lub operetta Moscow, Cheryomushki, lub suab voj voog Satire rau lyrics los ntawm S. Cherny, thiab lwm yam). P. yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kos duab (piv txwv li, P. rau nkauj nyiaj muas), nyob rau hauv lub puppet qhia (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub T-re ntawm cov menyuam roj hmab nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm SV Obraztsov), nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag. zaj duab xis.
2) Hauv kev txiav txim siab dav, P., raws li cov lus lees paub txawv teb chaws. terminology musicology, – lub creation ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm ib tug tshiab muaj pes tsawg leeg uas txawv los ntawm nws cov qauv nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj, style, tus cwj pwm, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib hom kev ua. Qhov txawv yog tias kev ua haujlwm yog ua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lwm tus neeg ua yeeb yam. muaj pes tsawg leeg, thaum P. yog nws muaj tswv yim. hloov tshiab. Piv nrog rau cov lus piav qhia, nws yog ze ze rau nws qhov chaw qub. Ib qho ntawm txoj kev tsim ib zaj nkauj yog ib qho tshiab ntawm cov suab paj nruag los yog tag nrho cov hauj lwm, uas feem ntau hu ua counterfactual txawv teb chaws (los ntawm lig Latin contrafacio - Kuv ua qhov opposite, kuv xyaum). Ib qho tshiab subtext ntawm cov suab paj nruag qub twb tau nthuav dav hauv Nar. nkauj, incl. thaum lub sij hawm interethnic "hloov" ntawm cov suab paj nruag txuam nrog kev txhais lus, feem ntau sib txawv hauv lub ntsiab lus los ntawm cov ntawv qub. Nws pom daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv Gregorian chant, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tsim ib tug Protestant chant, thaum lub suab nkauj ntawm secular nkauj, tej zaum ntawm ib tug heev "dawb" cov ntsiab lus, tau ua ke nrog sab ntsuj plig ntawv. Tom qab ntawd, ua li no, ntau tus neeg tau hloov ntawm kev ntseeg mus rau sab ntsuj plig. music prod. - chanson, madrigals, vilanelles, canzonettes. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv lub suab sab saud feem ntau dhau los ua nkauj ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Cov kev hloov kho zoo li no tau nthuav dav mus txog thaum ser. Xyoo pua 17th P. ntawm hom no tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv pawg 14th-16th centuries, qhov twg secular melodies los ntawm motets, madrigals, nkauj nrog tshiab overtones, tej zaum tsis tsuas yog sab ntsuj plig, tab sis kuj secular, tau lug siv, incl. satirical, ua cim ("parodic pawg"), nyob rau hauv lub Magnificat. JS Bach tau siv qhov kev coj ua zoo sib xws hauv nws txoj haujlwm, ntau yam ntawm sab ntsuj plig ua haujlwm rau-rogo sawv cev rau qhov cuam tshuam tshiab ntawm nws txoj haujlwm secular. (piv txwv li, lub hauv paus ntawm "Easter Oratorio" yog "Shepherd's Cantata"), thiab ib feem ntawm GF Handel (uas muab ob feem ntawm Utrecht Te Deum rau hauv lub koom txoos "Thov hlub tshua kuv"). Raws li txoj cai, tus tshiab subtext tsim. (piv txwv li, motets thiab madrigals uas dhau los ua ib feem ntawm pawg) tau ua ke hauv P. nrog ntau lossis tsawg dua. reworking lawv cov suab paj nruag. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm (txog rau lub xyoo pua puv 19), lub tswv yim ntawm painting txuas ntxiv mus rau kev ua hauj lwm, uas yog muaj tswv yim. cuam tshuam rau hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus, txawm tias lawv tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov cov ntawv qub nrog ib qho tshiab (nce lossis txo cov suab, hloov cov ntu polyphonic nrog homophonic sawv daws yuav thiab, qhov sib txawv, txo lossis qhia cov ntu ntxiv, kev hloov hauv suab paj nruag thiab kev sib haum xeeb, thiab lwm yam).
