Pianism |

los ntawm ital. piano, ib. los ntawm pianoforte los yog fortepiano - piano

Pianism yog kev kos duab ntawm kev ua si piano. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm pianism hnub rov qab mus rau lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 2th, thaum ob lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm pianism pib zoo, uas dominated nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th - lub tsev kawm ntawv Viennese (WA ​​Mozart thiab nws cov tub ntxhais kawm I. Hummel, L. Beethoven, thiab tom qab ntawd K. Czerny thiab lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm, suav nrog 19. Thalberg) thiab London (M. Clementi thiab nws cov tub ntxhais kawm, suav nrog J. Field).

Lub heyday ntawm pianism yog txuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm F. Chopin thiab F. Liszt. Hauv pianism, 2nd pem teb. 19 – lus. 20th caug xyoo cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Liszt cov tsev kawm ntawv (X. Bulow, K. Tausig, A. Reisenauer, E. d'Albert, thiab lwm tus) thiab T. Leshetitsky (I. Paderevsky, AN Esipova, thiab lwm tus), thiab F. Busoni, L. Godovsky, I. Hoffman, tom qab ntawd A. Cortot, A. Schnabel, V. Gieseking, BS Horowitz, A. Benedetti Michelangeli, G. Gould thiab lwm tus.

Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub 19th-20th centuries. npe. Lub tsev kawm ntawv anatomical thiab physiological ntawm pianism muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho txoj kev xav ntawm pianism (cov haujlwm ntawm L. Deppe, R. Breithupt, F. Steinhausen, thiab lwm yam), tab sis nws tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv pianism ntawm lub sijhawm sau npe yog cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag Lavxias (AG thiab NG Rubinstein, Esipova, SV Rakhmaninov) thiab ob lub tsev kawm ntawv Soviet - Moscow (KN Igumnov, AB Goldenweiser, GG Neuhaus thiab lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm LN Oborin, GR Ginzburg). , Ya. V. Flier, Ya. I. Zak, ST Richter, EG Gilels thiab lwm tus) thiab Leningrad (LV Nikolaev thiab nws cov tub ntxhais kawm MV Yudina, VV Sofronitsky thiab lwm tus). Txuas ntxiv thiab txhim kho nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus tshiab cov kev cai muaj tiag ntawm cov neeg sawv cev loj ntawm Lavxias teb sab pianism, Kon. 19 – lus. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, qhov zoo tshaj plaws Soviet pianists ua ke nyob rau hauv lawv ua si ib tug tseeb thiab muaj nuj nqis kis tau tus mob ntawm tus sau lub hom phiaj nrog kev txawj ntse. Kev ua tiav ntawm Soviet pianism coj lub ntiaj teb kev lees paub rau lub tsev kawm ntawv pianistic Lavxias. Ntau tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag Soviet tau txais khoom plig (nrog rau thawj qhov khoom plig) ntawm kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv domestic conservatories txij li thaum 1930s. muaj cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm keeb kwm, kev xav thiab txheej txheem ntawm pianism.

References: Genika R., Keeb kwm ntawm lub piano txuas nrog keeb kwm ntawm piano virtuosity thiab cov ntaub ntawv, ntu 1, M., 1896; nws, Los ntawm cov annals ntawm lub pianoforte, St. Petersburg, 1905; Kogan G., Soviet pianistic art thiab Lavxias teb sab artistic kab lig kev cai, M., 1948; Masters ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv pianistic Soviet. Cov ntawv, ed. A. Nikolaev, M., 1954; Alekseev A., Lavxias teb sab pianists, M.-L., 1948; nws tus kheej, Keeb Kwm ntawm piano kos duab, ntu 1-2, M., 1962-67; Rabinovich D., Portraits of pianists, M., 1962, 1970.

GM Koj