Roman tsev kawm ntawv |
Roman tsev kawm ntawv - lub npe muaj tswv yim cov lus qhia uas tsim nyob rau hauv Rome nyob rau hauv lub 16-17 centuries.
1) R. sh. hauv polyphonic. wok ua. suab paj nruag muaj tswv yim. tsev kawm ntawv, tsim nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab. Xyoo pua 2th coj los ntawm Palestrina. Nws cov thwjtim thaum pib xyoo 16th yog JM thiab JB Nanino, F. thiab JF Anerio, F. Soriano. Rau R. sh. Cov yam ntxwv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm sab ntsuj plig hom (lub cappella hauv polyphonic nthuav qhia) - pawg, motets. Roman composers kuj sau madrigals. Polyphonic style ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv (lub thiaj li hu ua nruj style) tau txawv los ntawm nws purity, smooth melodic. kab, consonance, harmonic nrhiav kom tau. pib hauv polyphonic. kev sib txuas lus. Tsis kam melody. kev ywj pheej thiab hais txog kev nthuav qhia, los ntawm chromaticisms, complex rhythms, harmonics. nruj, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm R. sh. tsim ntau lawm. blissfully thaj yeeb, contemplative, majestic, imbued nrog sublime cwj pwm txawv. Cov no Op. ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm pawg ntseeg Catholic thaum lub sij hawm Counter-Reformation. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau npaj, nrog rau lwm cov dej ntws ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Xyoo pua 17th, kev hloov ntawm polyphony mus rau kev sib haum xeeb. Yav tom ntej, R. sh. degenerated mus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj txoj kev kawm. hu nkauj. suab paj nruag cappella thiab poob nws lub ntsiab lus.
2) R. sh. nyob rau hauv opera, ib qho ntawm thawj opera tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ltalis, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub 20s thiab 30s. 17th caug xyoo Ob kab tau piav qhia hauv nws: qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj baroque-style opera (pib nrog opera Lub Chain of Adonis los ntawm D. Mazzocchi, 1626) thiab kev coj ncaj ncees-comic, ze rau commedia dell'arte (Cia Kev Cia Siab los ntawm V. Mazzocchi thiab M. Marazzoli, ntawm zaj duab xis los ntawm Decameron los ntawm Boccaccio, 1639). Tus neeg sawv cev loj tshaj plaws ntawm R. sh. yog lub computer. S. Landi (zoo tshaj plaws opera – “St. Alexei”, 1632), nyob rau hauv prod. rau-rogo koom ua ke rau ib qho twg ob qho tib si nyiam. Lundy's operas sib xyaw ua yeeb yam, txawm tias tragic. xwm txheej, christ. moralizing, fantasy thiab lub neej txhua hnub. Ib qho kev sib xyaw uas txawv dua ntawm Tswv Yexus. kev coj ncaj ncees thiab ib hom ntawv verisimilitude yog yam ntxwv ntawm Roman comic operas. hom. Ua tsaug rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem (piv txwv li, qhov chaw ncaj ncees), cov ntsiab lus tshiab ntawm cov suab paj nruag tau tshwm sim hauv cov yeeb yam no. stylistics - hais lus, nrog me ntsis kev txhawb nqa rau lub harpsichord, recitatives (recitativo secco), nkauj, ib hom ntawv hu nkauj. Ib txhij nyob rau hauv lub Roman opera, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub ariose pib (kev qhia ntawm ua yeeb yam cwj pwm txawv) nce. L. Vittori (pastoral opera Galatea, 1639), M. Rossi (Erminia, 1637) kuj sawv tawm ntawm cov neeg sau. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm opera nyob rau hauv Rome nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug nyuaj ib puag ncig thiab feem ntau nyob ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm ib tug los yog lwm yam pope: lub operatic t-ru yog patronized (Lub nroog VIII Barberini, Clement IX Rospigliosi), los yog nws raug tsim txom. (popes Innocent X thiab Innocent XII). Cov vaj tse ntawm T-ditch yog ua los yog puas. Kev lig kev cai R. sh. tom qab ntawd ib nrab tau tsiv mus rau Venice thiab txhim kho ntawm no hauv lwm lub zej zog. tej yam kev mob.
References: Ademollo A., Kuv teatri di Roma nel secolo decimosettimo, Roma, 1888; Goldschmidt H., Studies in the History of Italian Opera in the XVII. Century, Vol 1, Lpz., 1901; Rolland R., L'opera au XVII siиcle en Italie, в кн.: Encyclopйdie de la musique et dictionnaire du Conservatoire… fondateur A. Lavignac, partie I, (v. 2), P., 1913 (рус. пер. — в кн.: Роллан Р., Опера в XVII в. в Италии, Германии, Англии, М., 1931), Ridder L. de, The share of the Comedia dell'Arte nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab kev loj hlob opera, Cologne, 1970 (Diss.).
TH Solovieva
