Monothematism |

los ntawm Greek monos - ib, ib leeg thiab tema - dab tsi yog lub hauv paus

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim suab paj nruag. ua haujlwm nrog kev txhais lus tshwj xeeb ntawm ib lub ncauj lus lossis ib pawg ntawm cov ncauj lus. M. yuav tsum txawv ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "mono-darkness", uas yog hais txog cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog-cyclic. kev txiav txim (fugue, variations, yooj yim ob- thiab peb-ntu daim ntawv, rondo, thiab lwm yam). M. tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm sonata-symphony. lub voj voog lossis ib feem ntawm cov ntawv muab los ntawm nws nrog ib lub ntsiab lus. Cov ntsiab lus no feem ntau hu ua leitteme los yog, siv ib lub sij hawm txuam nrog operatic cov ntaub ntawv thiab denoting ib tug tshwm sim muaj feem xyuam rau M., ib tug leitmotif.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm M. yog nyob rau hauv intonational zoo sib xws ntawm cov ntsiab lus pib nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cyclic. prod. Piv txwv li, 17-18 centuries. Corelli, Mozart thiab lwm tus:

A. Corelli. Trio Sonata ua. 2 nr9.

A. Corelli. Trio Sonata ua. 3 nr2.

A. Corelli. Trio Sonata ua. 1 nr10.

WA Mozart. Symphony g-moll.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv tus kheej lub siab ntawm M. yog thawj zaug siv los ntawm L. Beethoven nyob rau hauv lub 5th symphony, qhov twg thawj lub ntsiab yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug transformation daim ntawv los ntawm tag nrho cov voj voog:

Beethoven lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tsim lub hauv paus ntawm M. y composers tom qab lub sij hawm.

G. Berlioz nyob rau hauv "Zoo heev Symphony", "Harold nyob rau hauv ltalis" thiab lwm yam cyclical. prod. endows lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb (leitmotif) nrog cov ntsiab lus kev pab cuam. Nyob rau hauv qhov zoo heev Symphony (1830), lub ntsiab lus no sawv cev rau cov duab ntawm tus hero tus hlub, nrog rau nws nyob rau hauv txawv lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Thaum kawg nws yog nthuav tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txhais tau tias. kev hloov, kos tus hlub raws li ib tug ntawm cov koom nyob rau hauv zoo heev. coven ntawm witches:

G. Berlioz. "Fantastic Symphony", ntu I.

Ib yam, part IV.

Hauv Harold hauv ltalis (1834), lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tus duab ntawm Ch. tus hero thiab yog entrusted rau ib txwm solo viola, sawv tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm kev pab cuam-pictures paintings.

Nyob rau hauv ob peb M. yog txhais nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv ntau lawm. F. List. Lub siab xav rau qhov txaus nyiam tshaj plaws hauv suab paj nruag yog poetic. cov phiaj xwm, kev txhim kho cov duab rau-rykh feem ntau tsis tau raws li cov kev cai. suab paj nruag tsim schemes. prod. daim ntawv loj, coj Liszt rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim txhua yam khoom siv software. nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tib lub ntsiab lus, uas tau raug figurative transformations thiab coj decomp. zoo sib xws rau dec. theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.

Yog li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub symphonic paj huam "Preludes" (1848-54) ib tug luv luv motive ntawm 3 lub suab, uas qhib qhov kev taw qhia, ces, feem, poetic. qhov kev pab cuam tsim lub hauv paus ntawm qhov sib txawv heev, sib txawv thematic. cov koom haum:

F. List. Symphonic paj huam "Preludes". Taw qhia.

Main party.

Txuas tog.

Sab tog.

Kev loj hlob.

Zaum.

Unity thematic. cov hauv paus hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau daim ntawv thov ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm monothematism, List tsim ib tug symphony yam ntxwv ntawm nws. paj huam ib hom tshiab ntawm daim ntawv, uas cov yam ntxwv ntawm sonata Allegro thiab sonata-symphony tau ua ke. lub voj voog. Liszt tau siv txoj cai ntawm M. thiab hauv cyclic. program compositions (symphony "Faust", 1854; "Dante", 1855-57), thiab nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm tsis muab nrog ib tug hais lus programme (sonata hauv h-moll rau piano, thiab lwm yam). Liszt's figurative transformation txheej txheem siv cov kev paub dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm thematic, suav nrog kev hloov pauv tsis pub dawb romantic.

M. Lisztovsky hom nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no lub sij hawm tau txais tsuas yog siv txwv, txij li thaum lub embodiment yog qualitatively Sec. dluab nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug sib txawv rhythmic, metric, harmonic, textural thiab timbre tsim ntawm tib lub intonation lem (ib qho kev hloov uas yuav ua rau poob ntawm thematic kev sib sau nws tus kheej) impoverishes cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau daim ntawv thov dawb, nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog ib txwm cov ntsiab cai ntawm muses. txoj kev loj hlob ntawm leittematism, monothematism thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm figurative transformation txuam nrog lawv tau pom thiab dav siv (the 4th thiab 5th symphonies ntawm Tchaikovsky, lub symphony thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm chamber ua hauj lwm los ntawm Taneyev, lub symphonies ntawm Scriabin, Lyapunov, lub 7th thiab Lwm symphonies ntawm Shostakovich, los ntawm tej hauj lwm los ntawm txawv teb chaws composers - S. Frank's symphony thiab quartet, Saint-Saens '3rd symphony, Dvorak's 9th symphony, thiab lwm yam).

VP Bobrovsky