Ntuj frets |
Lub sij hawm denoting ib pawg ntawm 7-kauj ruam nruj me ntsis diatonic. hom (saib Diatonic) as opposed to modes, nrog rau kev hloov kho ntawm lub ntsiab. cov kauj ruam, chromatisms, alterations (piv txwv li, natural minor as opposed to harmonic). Hauv qab N. l. feem ntau txhais tau hais tias qhov sib thooj frets ntawm Nar. Teb chaws Europe thiab sab Europe. suab paj nruag, frets nruab nrab-xyoo pua. monody, lwm yam Russian. cult hu nkauj, diatonic frets nyob rau hauv Western Europe. thiab Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag ntawm lub sij hawm tshiab (17-19 centuries) thiab nyob rau hauv niaj hnub. suab paj nruag. Cov no yog cov qauv (tag nrho thiab tsis tiav) ntawm Aeolian (natural minor), Ionian (natural major), Dorian, Mixolydian, Phrygian, Lydian, diatonic variables (nrog rau kev khaws cia ntawm qhov dav dav, piv txwv li, hauv zaj nkauj "Lub tus me nyuam taug kev raws hav zoov" los ntawm kev sau N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov), nrog rau Lokrian tsawg heev; rau N.l. suav nrog anhemitone pentatonic ntawm txhua yam. General tswv yim N. l. (raws li IV Sposobin):
N. l. muaj ntau yam xim. Piv txwv li, Dorian - nrog cov xim me me, Lydian - nrog cov yam ntxwv txhim kho qhov tseem ceeb, thiab lwm yam hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm 19-20 centuries. composers (E. Grieg, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, IF Stravinsky, B. Bartok, C. Debussy, thiab lwm yam) feem ntau siv N. l. nyob rau hauv coloristic suab lub hom phiaj. Yog li, ib qho ntawm kev siv N. l. raws li kev nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb. txhais tau tias - nyob rau hauv lub opera "Cov lus dab neeg ntawm lub Invisible City ntawm Kitezh thiab lub Maiden Fevronia" los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov: juxtaposition ntawm N. thiab chromatic suab paj nruag saturated nrog alterations qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm meej, yooj yim, ntuj. Cov lus hais ntawm Fevronia thiab tsis meej pem, distorted, nyob tsis tswm kab lus ntawm Grishka Kuterma.
NA Rimsky-Korsakov. "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Invisible City ntawm Kitezh thiab Maiden Fevronia", Txoj Cai IV.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim ntawm N. l. hauv txhais tau tias. ntsuas conditionally. Lo lus "natural" (nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus dav dav - "natural", "raws li xwm") ntawm no txhais tau tias "muab los ntawm xwm" (cf. "natural scale", "natural horns"), tsis hloov kho, tsis yog khoom cuav (cf. kev tawm tsam: "natural" thiab "artificial" flageolets). Hauv N. l. diatonicism yog ntuj, uas yog to taub raws li ib tug modal hauv paus ntsiab lus. Yog li qhov sib txawv hauv Tebchaws Europe. me me ntawm "natural", qhov loj me, qhia los ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb, thiab "artificial" introductory semitone, siv systematically, tab sis tsis sib npaug ntawm txoj cai nrog lub suab ntawm N. Tab sis qhov kev sib piv no tsuas yog siv tau rau Tebchaws Europe xwb. suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai; Oriental frets magnified thib ob yog qhov tseem ceeb raws li "natural," piv txwv li, ntuj, zoo li txhua hom suab paj nruag pej xeem feem ntau (hauv pej xeem hom, txhua yam yog ntuj, txhua yam tsuas yog lub hauv paus, tsis muaj txheej rau nws). (Saib cov suab paj nruag Indian.) Los ntawm qhov kev pom no, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau rau tus cwj pwm rau N. l., piv txwv li, hom niaj hnub (GAHcdefgab-c1-d1), uas cov suab uas ua rau txo qis octave (Hb) yog tib yam (saib, piv txwv li, 3rd solo ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm 2nd act ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov's opera Hmo Ua Ntej Christmas), nrog rau "kho tawm chromatism" (AD Kastalsky lub sij hawm) hauv Lavxias. nar. suab paj nruag. Li no muaj peev xwm nkag siab thiab niaj hnub. 12-kauj ruam system raws li ntuj tsim, piv txwv li tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov ntawm lub suab ntawm 7-kauj ruam system. "Kev kawm ntawm cov neeg ua suab paj nruag ... coj kuv ... kom muab pov tseg tag nrho ntawm txhua tus neeg lub suab ntawm peb cov chromatic kaum ob lub suab," sau B. Bartok. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis raug hu rau qhov system 12-kauj ruam diatonic, vim qhov no yuav cuam tshuam lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "diatonic".
References: Catuar GL, Theoretical course of harmony, ntu 1-2, M., 1924-25; Bartok B. Phau ntawv keeb kwm. “Ntiaj Teb Music”, No 7, 1925; Gadzhibekov U., Fundamentals of Azerbaijani pej xeem suab paj nruag, Baku, 1945, 1957; Kushnarev XS Cov Lus Nug ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev xav ntawm Armenian monodic music, L., 1958; Belyaev VM, Essays ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub USSR, vol. 1-2, M., 1962-63; Verkov VO, Harmony, part 1-3, M., 1962-1966, 1970; Sposobin IV, Lectures on the course of harmony, M., 1969; Tyulin Yu. N., Natural and alteration modes, M., 1971; Yusfin AG, Qee cov lus nug ntawm kev kawm cov suab paj nruag hom suab paj nruag, hauv kev sau: Teeb meem ntawm hom, M., 1972.
Yu. N. Kholopov
