Kev sib haum xeeb |

Harmonization yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev sib haum xeeb rau txhua lub suab nkauj, nrog rau kev sib haum xeeb nrog nws tus kheej. Cov suab nkauj tib yam tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke sib txawv; txhua qhov kev sib haum xeeb, zoo li nws tau ua, muab nws txhais lus sib txawv (harmonic variation). Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws (cov qauv dav dav, kev ua haujlwm, kev hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam) ntawm cov kev sib haum xeeb zoo tshaj plaws yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov qauv thiab cov qauv ntawm cov suab paj nruag nws tus kheej.

Kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub suab paj nruag yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev qhia kev sib haum xeeb. Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lwm tus neeg lub suab kuj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo nkauj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog kev sib haum xeeb ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj, uas twb tau hais los ntawm J. Haydn thiab L. Beethoven. Nws kuj tau siv dav hauv Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag; Nws cov qauv zoo heev tau tsim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab classical composers (MA Balakirev, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, AK Lyadov, thiab lwm yam). Lawv suav hais tias kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov nkauj Lavxias teb sab yog ib txoj hauv kev los tsim ib hom lus hauv tebchaws. Ntau cov kev npaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem nkauj, ua los ntawm Lavxias teb sab classical composers, yog sau nyob rau hauv cais collections; Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv kuj muaj nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej compositions (operas, symphonic tej hauj lwm, chamber music).

Qee cov nkauj Lavxias teb sab tau rov qab tau txais ntau yam kev sib raug zoo txhais lus uas sib haum rau cov qauv ntawm txhua tus neeg sau thiab cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb uas nws tau teeb tsa rau nws tus kheej:

HA Rimsky-Korsakov. Ib puas Lavxias teb sab nkauj. Tsis muaj 11, "Ib tug menyuam tawm."

MP Mussorgsky. "Khovanshchina". Marfa zaj nkauj "Tus me nyuam tawm los."

Kev saib xyuas zoo tau them rau kev sib haum xeeb ntawm pej xeem suab paj nruag los ntawm cov suab paj nruag zoo ntawm lwm haiv neeg ntawm Russia (NV Lysenko hauv Ukraine, Komitas hauv Armenia). Ntau tus neeg sau nkauj txawv teb chaws kuj tig mus rau kev sib haum xeeb ntawm pej xeem suab paj nruag (L. Janacek hauv Czechoslovakia, B. Bartok hauv Hungary, K. Szymanowski hauv tebchaws Poland, M. de Falla hauv Spain, Vaughan Williams hauv Askiv, thiab lwm yam).

Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm pej xeem suab paj nruag nyiam cov neeg sau nkauj ntawm Soviet (SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, AV Aleksandrov hauv RSFSR, LN Revutsky hauv Ukraine, AL Stepanyan hauv Armenia, thiab lwm yam). Kev sib raug zoo kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntsiab lus.

References: Kastalsky A., Fundamentals of folk polyphony, M.-L., 1948; Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag, vol. 2, M., 1959, nr. 83-110, v. 3, M., 1959, p. 75-99, v. 4, part 1, M., 1963, p. 88–107; Evseev S., Lavxias teb sab pej xeem polyphony, M., 1960, Dubovsky I., The simplest patterns of Russian folk-song two-three-voice warehouse, M., 1964. Saib kuj lit. nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm Harmony.

Yu. G. Kon