Boris Yoffe |

Boris Yoffe

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau nkauj, nkauj ua yeeb yaj kiab, tus neeg saib xyuas thiab tus kws qhia Boris Yoffe tsim nyog, tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg nyiam ntawm kev kawm suab paj nruag, nws yog cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws sau ntawv niaj hnub xav. Joffe txoj kev vam meej raws li tus kws sau nkauj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm leej twg ua thiab sau nws cov nkauj. Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev npe tsis tiav ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam paub zoo ntawm Yoffe lub suab paj nruag: Hilliard Ensemble, Rosamunde Quartet, Patricia Kopachinskaya, Konstantin Lifshits, Ivan Sokolov, Kolya Lessing, Reto Bieri, Augustine Wiedemann thiab ntau lwm tus. Manfred Aicher tso tawm ntawm nws ECM daim ntawv lo Boris Yoffe's CD Song of Songs ua los ntawm Hilliard Ensemble thiab Rosamunde Quartet. Wolfgang Rihm tau rov qhuas txog Joffe txoj haujlwm thiab tau sau ib feem ntawm cov ntawv nyeem rau phau ntawv ntawm Song of Songs disc. Thaum Lub Xya Hli xyoo no, Wolke lub tsev luam tawm luam tawm hauv German ib phau ntawv ntawm cov ntawv thiab sau ntawv los ntawm Boris Joffe "Musical Meaning" ("Musikalischer Sinn").

Nws zoo nkaus li tias Joffe tuaj yeem suav tias yog tus kws sau nkauj ua tau zoo, ib tus yuav xav tias nws cov suab paj nruag feem ntau hnov ​​thiab paub rau ntau tus. Cia wb mus saib lub xeev tiag tiag. Puas yog Yoffe cov suab paj nruag ua si ntau ntawm cov suab paj nruag tam sim no? Tsis yog, nws tsis suab kiag li. Vim li cas, kuv yuav sim teb cov lus hauv qab no. Nws ua si hauv xov tooj cua ntau npaum li cas? Yog lawm, qee zaum hauv Tebchaws Europe - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog "Cov Nkauj ntawm Cov Nkauj" - tab sis yuav luag tsis muaj cov haujlwm tau mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Boris Yoffe (xws li cov neeg Ixayees). Puas muaj ntau concerts? Lawv tshwm sim thiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws - nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Switzerland, Fabkis, Austria, lub teb chaws USA, Israel, Russia - ua tsaug rau cov suab paj nruag uas muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau Yoffe lub suab paj nruag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws ntaus nkauj no lawv tus kheej yuav tsum tau ua "tus tsim khoom".

Lub suab paj nruag ntawm Boris Yoffe tseem tsis tau paub zoo thiab, tej zaum, tsuas yog ntawm txoj hauv kev kom muaj koob meej (ib tus tsuas muaj kev cia siab thiab hais tias "tej zaum", vim tias muaj ntau yam piv txwv hauv keeb kwm thaum txawm tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig. los ntawm contemporaries). Cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag uas mob siab rau Joffe cov suab paj nruag thiab tus cwj pwm - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tus ntaus nkauj hu nkauj Patricia Kopatchinskaya, pianist Konstantin Lifshitz thiab guitarist Augustin Wiedenman - thov nws cov suab paj nruag nrog lawv cov duab hauv concerts thiab kaw, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog poob hauv dej hiav txwv ntawm ntau txhiab concerts.

Kuv xav sim teb cov lus nug yog vim li cas lub suab paj nruag ntawm Boris Yoffe tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis tshua hnov ​​​​ntawm cov suab paj nruag festivals tam sim no.

Qhov teeb meem yog tias Yoffe txoj haujlwm tsis haum rau txhua lub hauv paus thiab kev coj ua. Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los hais tam sim ntawd txog kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab kev tshawb pom muaj tswv yim ntawm Boris Yoffe - nws "Book of Quartets". Txij li thaum nruab nrab-90s, nws tau sau txhua hnub los ntawm ib daim quartet uas haum rau ib daim ntawv suab paj nruag yam tsis muaj tempo, dynamic lossis aggic indications. Hom kev ua yeeb yam no tuaj yeem txhais tau tias "poem". Zoo li zaj paj huam, txhua daim yuav tsum tau nyeem (hauv lwm lo lus, tus kws ntaus nkauj yuav tsum txiav txim siab lub sijhawm, kev ua phem, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub suab paj nruag), thiab tsis yog ua si xwb. Kuv tsis paub dab tsi ntawm cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub no (aleatoric tsis suav), tab sis hauv cov suab paj nruag thaum ub nws yog txhua lub sijhawm (hauv Bach's Art of Fugue, tsis muaj cov cim rau cov twj paj nruag, tsis hais tempo thiab dynamics) . Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau "shove" Yoffe lub suab paj nruag mus rau hauv lub unambiguous stylistic moj khaum. Qee cov neeg thuam sau txog cov kev cai ntawm Reger thiab Schoenberg (tus kws sau ntawv Askiv thiab tus kws sau ntawv Paul Griffiths), uas, ntawm chav kawm, zoo li txawv heev! - lwm tus nco qab Cage thiab Feldman - qhov kawg yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom hauv Asmeskas kev thuam (Stephen Smolyar), uas pom qee yam nyob ze thiab tus kheej hauv Yoff. Ib tug ntawm cov neeg thuam tau sau cov lus hauv qab no: "Lub suab paj nruag no yog ob qho tib si tonal thiab atonal" - xws li cov kev xav txawv txawv thiab tsis yog tus qauv tau ntsib los ntawm cov neeg mloog. Cov suab paj nruag no nyob deb ntawm "kev yooj yim tshiab" thiab "kev txom nyem" ntawm Pärt thiab Silvestrov raws li nws yog los ntawm Lachenman lossis Fernyhow. Ib yam mus rau minimalism. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv Joffe lub suab paj nruag tuaj yeem pom nws qhov yooj yim, nws qhov tshiab, thiab txawm tias ib hom "minimalism". Tau hnov ​​lub suab paj nruag no ib zaug, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis meej pem nrog lwm tus; nws yog ib yam li tus cwj pwm, lub suab thiab lub ntsej muag ntawm ib tug neeg.

Dab tsi tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm Boris Yoffe? Tsis muaj kev nom kev tswv, tsis muaj "cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb", tsis muaj ntawv xov xwm thiab tsis muaj sijhawm. Tsis muaj suab nrov thiab ntau triads nyob rau hauv nws. Tej suab paj nruag dictates nws hom thiab nws xav. Kuv rov hais dua: tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag ua si Joffe lub suab paj nruag yuav tsum nyeem ntawv, tsis txhob ua si, vim hais tias cov suab paj nruag no yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuam. Tab sis cov neeg mloog kuj yuav tsum koom nrog. Nws hloov tawm qhov tsis zoo li no: zoo li suab paj nruag tsis raug yuam thiab ua pa nrog cov ntawv sau ib txwm, tab sis koj yuav tsum mloog cov suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb thiab tsis txhob cuam tshuam - tsawg kawg thaum lub sijhawm ib feeb quartet. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj heev: koj tsis tas yuav yog tus kws tshaj lij, koj tsis tas yuav xav txog cov txheej txheem lossis lub tswv yim. Txhawm rau nkag siab thiab nyiam cov suab paj nruag ntawm Boris Yoffe, ib tus yuav tsum tuaj yeem mloog ncaj qha thiab nkag siab rau cov suab paj nruag thiab pib los ntawm nws.

Ib tug neeg piv Joffe cov suab paj nruag nrog dej, thiab lwm yam nrog mov ci, nrog dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub neej. Tam sim no muaj ntau ntau ntau, ntau delicacies, tab sis vim li cas koj nqhis dej, vim li cas koj xav zoo li Saint-Exupery nyob rau hauv cov suab puam? "Phau Ntawv Quartets", uas muaj ntau txhiab zaj paj huam, tsis yog lub hauv paus ntawm Boris Yoffe txoj haujlwm, tab sis kuj yog lub hauv paus rau ntau yam ntawm nws cov hauj lwm - orchestral, chamber thiab suab.

Ob lub operas kuj sawv ntsug sib nrug: "Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Tus Xib Hwb thiab Nws Leej Tub" raws li Rabbi Nachman hauv Yiddish (tus kws sau paj huam thiab tus txhais lus nto moo Anri Volokhonsky tau koom nrog kev sau ntawv libretto) thiab "Esther Racine" raws li cov ntawv qub ntawm Fabkis zoo. tus kws ua yeeb yam. Ob leeg operas rau chamber pawg. "Rabbi", uas tsis tau ua tiav (tshwj tsis yog rau kev taw qhia), muab cov cuab yeej niaj hnub thiab qub - hauv kev sib txawv. Esther tau sau rau plaub tus soloists thiab ib pawg me me baroque. Nws tau tshwm sim hauv Basel hauv 2006 thiab yuav tsum tau hais cais.

"Esther Racina" yog ib qho khoom plig (kev hwm) rau Rameau, tab sis tib lub sij hawm lub opera tsis yog ib tug stylization thiab sau nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej recognizable yam. Nws zoo nkaus li tias tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li no tau tshwm sim txij li Stravinsky's Oedipus Rex, uas Esther tuaj yeem sib piv. Zoo li Stravinsky's opera-oratorio, Esther tsis txwv rau ib lub suab paj nruag - nws tsis yog ib qho kev ua tsis raws cai. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, cov neeg sau ntawv, lawv cov kev zoo nkauj thiab lub tswv yim ntawm cov suab paj nruag zoo kawg nkaus paub. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv pib. Stravinsky's opera feem ntau yuav siv sij hawm me ntsis ntawm cov suab paj nruag uas tsis yog Stravinsky; dab tsi yog nthuav nyob rau hauv nws yog dab tsi yog los ntawm nws kev sib haum xeeb thiab atherosclerosis tshaj qhov nkag siab ntawm ib hom ntawv ntawm baroque kev lig kev cai. Es tsis txhob, Stravinsky siv clichés, "fossils" ntawm ib hom ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas lawv tuaj yeem tawg thiab tsim los ntawm cov khoom tawg no (raws li Picasso tau ua hauv tha xim). Boris Yoffe tsis ua txhaum dab tsi, vim hais tias rau nws cov hom thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag baroque tsis yog pob txha, thiab mloog nws cov suab paj nruag, peb kuj tuaj yeem ntseeg tau tias kev ua suab paj nruag tseem muaj sia nyob. Qhov no puas tsis nco koj txog… qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg tuag sawv hauv qhov tuag rov los? Tsuas yog, raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, lub tswv yim (thiab ntau dua li qhov kev xav) ntawm qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb yog sab nraud ntawm lub neej ntawm tus txiv neej niaj hnub no. Qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb raug ntes hauv Horowitz cov ntawv tam sim no pom tias yog kev hais lus tsis zoo, thiab qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Chagall yog qhov tsis paub dab tsi. Thiab txawm tias txhua yam: Schubert nyob rau hauv Horowitz cov ntawv sau, thiab lub teeb puv St. Stephen lub Koom Txoos los ntawm Chagall lub qhov rais stained. Cov neeg Yudais ntsuj plig thiab cov suab paj nruag nyob sab Europe muaj txawm tias txhua yam hauv Joffe cov duab. "Esther" yog kiag li tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm tus cwj pwm los yog "glossy" kev zoo nkauj. Zoo li Racine cov nqe lus, cov suab paj nruag yog austere thiab graceful, tab sis nyob rau hauv no graceful austerity, kev ywj pheej yog muab rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev hais lus thiab cim. Qhov nkhaus ntawm Esther lub suab tsuas tuaj yeem yog tus huab tais zoo nkauj, nws lub xub pwg nyom thiab zoo kawg nkaus… Zoo li Mandelstam: “… Txhua tus neeg hu nkauj qhuas tus poj niam nrog lub xub pwg nyom…” Tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv cov nkhaus no peb hnov ​​​​mob, tshee hnyo, tag nrho cov lub hwj chim ntawm kev siab mos siab muag, kev ntseeg thiab kev hlub kev dag, kev khav theeb thiab kev ntxub ntxaug. Tej zaum tsis yog li ntawd hauv lub neej, tab sis tsawg kawg hauv kev kos duab peb yuav pom thiab hnov. Thiab qhov no tsis yog kev dag ntxias, tsis yog kev khiav tawm ntawm qhov tseeb: kev siab mos siab muag, kev ntseeg, kev hlub - qhov no yog tib neeg, qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas muaj nyob hauv peb, tib neeg. Tus neeg twg uas nyiam kev kos duab xav pom nyob rau hauv nws tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab dawb huv, thiab muaj cov av txaus thiab cov ntawv xov xwm hauv ntiaj teb lawm. Thiab nws tsis muaj teeb meem seb qhov khoom muaj nqis no hu ua kev siab mos siab muag, lossis lub zog, lossis tej zaum ob qho tib si ib zaug. Boris Yoffe, nrog nws cov kos duab, ncaj qha qhia nws lub tswv yim ntawm kev zoo nkauj hauv Esther's monologue los ntawm 3rd act. Nws tsis yog coincidence uas cov khoom thiab suab paj nruag zoo nkauj ntawm lub monologue los ntawm "Book of Quartets", tus composer lub ntsiab ua hauj lwm, qhov twg nws ua tsuas yog qhov nws xav tias tsim nyog rau nws tus kheej.

Boris Yoffe yug rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 21, 1968 nyob rau hauv Leningrad rau hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm engineers. Art nyob hauv ib qho chaw tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm Yoffe tsev neeg, thiab me ntsis Boris tuaj yeem koom nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab suab paj nruag thaum ntxov (los ntawm kev kaw). Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 9 xyoos, nws pib ntaus nkauj violin nws tus kheej, mus kawm lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 11 xyoos nws tsim nws thawj lub quartet, kav ntev li 40 feeb, nws cov suab paj nruag ua rau cov neeg mloog xav tsis thoob nrog nws cov ntsiab lus. Tom qab kawm qib 8, Boris Yoffe tau nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag hauv chav kawm violin (ped. Zaitsev). Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sijhawm, lub rooj sib tham tseem ceeb rau Joffe tau tshwm sim: nws pib coj cov lus qhia ntiag tug hauv kev xav los ntawm Adas Stratievsky. Stratievsky coj cov tub ntxhais suab paj nruag mus rau theem tshiab ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm suab paj nruag thiab qhia nws ntau yam tswv yim. Joffe nws tus kheej tau npaj txhij rau lub rooj sib tham no los ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag colossal (lub pob ntseg tsis meej, nco, thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, kev hlub tsis muaj suab paj nruag, xav nrog suab paj nruag).

Tom qab ntawd muaj kev pabcuam hauv cov tub rog Soviet thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw rau cov neeg Ixayees hauv xyoo 1990. Hauv Tel Aviv, Boris Yoffe nkag mus rau Music Academy. Rubin thiab txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm nrog A. Stratievsky. Xyoo 1995, thawj daim ntawv ntawm Phau Quartets tau sau. Lawv aesthetic tau txhais nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv daim rau txoj hlua trio, sau thaum tseem nyob rau hauv pab tub rog. Ob peb xyoos tom qab, thawj disc nrog quartets raug kaw. Xyoo 1997, Boris Joffe tsiv mus rau Karlsruhe nrog nws tus poj niam thiab thawj tus ntxhais. Nyob ntawd nws tau kawm nrog Wolfgang Rihm, ob qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau sau rau ntawd thiab plaub lub discs ntxiv raug tso tawm. Joffe nyob thiab ua haujlwm hauv Karlsruhe txog niaj hnub no.