Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser |

Alexander Goldenweiser

Tus kws qhia ntawv tseem ceeb, txawj ua yeeb yam, sau nkauj, suab paj nruag editor, thuam, sau ntawv, pej xeem daim duab - Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser tau ua tiav tag nrho cov kev zoo no rau ntau xyoo lawm. Nws yeej ib txwm muaj kev nrhiav kev paub tsis tu ncua. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau suab paj nruag nws tus kheej, nyob rau hauv uas nws erudition paub tsis muaj ciam teb, qhov no kuj siv rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm artistic creativity, qhov no kuj siv rau lub neej nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv nws ntau yam manifestations. Kev nqhis dej rau kev paub, qhov dav ntawm kev txaus siab coj nws mus rau Yasnaya Polyana kom pom Leo Tolstoy, ua rau nws ua raws li kev sau ntawv thiab kev ua yeeb yam tshiab nrog tib lub siab nyiam, nce thiab nqis ntawm kev sib tw rau lub ntiaj teb chess crown. "Alexander Borisovich," sau S. Feinberg, "yog ib txwm mob siab rau txhua yam tshiab hauv lub neej, ntawv nyeem thiab suab paj nruag. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ib tus neeg txawv txawv rau snobbery, txawm tias thaj chaw twg nws yuav txhawj xeeb, nws paub yuav ua li cas nrhiav tau, txawm tias muaj kev hloov pauv sai ntawm kev zam thiab kev nyiam ua, kev ua kom muaj nuj nqis - txhua yam tseem ceeb thiab qhov tseem ceeb. Thiab qhov no tau hais nyob rau hauv cov hnub thaum Goldenweiser muaj 85 xyoo!

Ua ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm lub Soviet lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm pianism. Goldenweiser tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub sijhawm, dhau mus rau cov tiam tshiab cov lus tim khawv ntawm nws cov neeg kawm thiab cov kws qhia ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho, nws txoj kev hauv kev kos duab pib thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Tau ntau xyoo, nws yuav tsum tau ntsib nrog ntau tus kws ntaus nkauj, kws sau nkauj, kws sau ntawv, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau nws txoj kev tsim kho tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov lus ntawm Goldenweiser nws tus kheej, ntawm no ib tus tuaj yeem tawm qhov tseem ceeb, lub sijhawm txiav txim siab.

Thaum yau… “Kuv thawj qhov kev xav suab paj nruag,” Goldenweiser nco qab tias, “Kuv tau txais los ntawm kuv niam. Kuv niam tsis muaj txuj ci suab paj nruag zoo; Nyob rau hauv nws thaum yau nws tau kawm piano nyob rau hauv Moscow rau qee lub sij hawm los ntawm lub npe nrov Garras. Nws kuj hu nkauj me ntsis. Nws muaj suab paj nruag saj zoo heev. Nws ua si thiab hu nkauj Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Chopin, Mendelssohn. Leej Txiv feem ntau tsis nyob hauv tsev thaum yav tsaus ntuj, thiab nyob ib leeg, niam ntaus suab paj nruag rau tag nrho yav tsaus ntuj. Peb cov menyuam yaus feem ntau mloog nws, thiab thaum peb mus pw, peb tau siv los pw tsaug zog rau lub suab ntawm nws lub suab.

Tom qab ntawd, nws kawm nyob rau hauv Moscow Conservatory, los ntawm uas nws kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1895 raws li ib tug pianist thiab nyob rau hauv 1897 raws li ib tug composer. AI Siloti thiab PA Pabst yog nws cov kws qhia piano. Thaum tseem yog menyuam kawm ntawv (1896) nws muab nws thawj solo concert nyob rau hauv Moscow. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tshuab raj tau paub txog kev kos duab ntawm kev sau ntawv raws li kev qhia ntawm MM Ippolitov-Ivanov, AS Arensky, SI Taneyev. Txhua tus kws qhia ntawv zoo nkauj no nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm Goldenweiser kev nco qab, tab sis nws txoj kev kawm nrog Taneyev thiab tom qab ntawd kaw tus kheej nrog nws muaj kev cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws rau tus tub hluas.

Lwm lub rooj sib tham tseem ceeb: “Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1896, kev zoo siab tshwm sim coj kuv mus rau lub tsev ntawm Leo Tolstoy. Maj mam kuv los ua ib tug neeg nyob ze nws mus txog thaum nws tuag. Lub hwj chim ntawm qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kuv lub neej tag nrho yog loj heev. Raws li ib tug kws ntaus suab paj nruag, LN thawj zaug qhia rau kuv txog txoj hauj lwm zoo ntawm kev coj cov suab paj nruag los ze zog rau cov neeg coob coob. (Hais txog nws txoj kev sib txuas lus nrog tus kws sau ntawv zoo, nws yuav sau ob phau ntawv "Nyob ze Tolstoy" ntau tom qab.) Tseeb tiag, hauv nws cov kev ua ub no ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam, Goldenweiser, txawm tias nyob rau xyoo ua ntej kev hloov pauv, tau mob siab ua ib qho kev ua yeeb yam. tus kws qhia ntawv suab paj nruag, nyiam cov kev ywj pheej ntawm cov neeg mloog suab paj nruag. Nws npaj concerts rau cov neeg tuaj saib ua hauj lwm, hais lus nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Sobriety Society, nyob rau hauv Yasnaya Polyana nws tuav thawj concerts-hais lus rau peasants, thiab qhia nyob rau hauv Moscow People's Conservatory.

Ib sab ntawm Goldenweiser txoj haujlwm no tau tsim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv thawj xyoo tom qab Lub Kaum Hli, thaum ob peb xyoos nws tau mus rau Pawg Sib Tham Suab Nkauj, koom nrog kev pib ntawm AV Lunacharsky: "Lub Tsev Haujlwm. Lub tuam tsev no tau pib npaj kev qhuab qhia, kev hais kwv txhiaj, thiab kev ua yeeb yam los pab rau cov pej xeem thoob plaws. Kuv mus qhov ntawd thiab muab kuv cov kev pabcuam. Maj mam ua lag luam loj hlob. Tom qab ntawd, lub koom haum no tuaj nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm Moscow Council thiab raug xa mus rau Moscow Department of Public Education (MONO) thiab muaj nyob rau hauv 1917. Peb tau tsim departments: suab paj nruag (concert thiab kev kawm), ua yeeb yam, qhuab qhia. Kuv tau mus rau lub chaw hais kwv txhiaj, uas muaj ntau tus kws ntaus nkauj tseem ceeb tau koom nrog. Peb tau teeb tsa pawg ua yeeb yam. N. Obukhova, V. Barsova, N. Raisky, B. Sibor, M, Blumenthal-Tamarina thiab lwm tus tau koom nrog kuv pab tub rog… Peb cov tub rog tau ua haujlwm rau cov chaw ua haujlwm, cov chaw ua haujlwm, cov tub rog Liab, cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov koom haum. Peb mus rau thaj chaw deb tshaj plaws ntawm Moscow thaum lub caij ntuj no ntawm sledges, thiab nyob rau hauv huab cua sov ntawm dray txee; qee zaum ua hauv chav txias, tsis muaj cua sov. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm no tau ua rau txhua tus neeg koom nrog kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj thiab kev coj ncaj ncees txaus siab. Cov neeg tuaj saib (tshwj xeeb yog qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau ua tiav) tau hnov ​​​​mob rau qhov ua tau zoo; Thaum kawg ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj, lawv nug cov lus nug, xa ntau cov ntawv ... "

Tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag txoj haujlwm pedagogical txuas ntxiv rau ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo pua. Thaum nws tseem yog menyuam kawm ntawv, nws pib qhia ntawm Moscow Orphan lub koom haum, ces yog ib tug xibfwb ntawm lub conservatory ntawm Moscow Philharmonic Society. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1906, Goldenweiser txuas nws txoj hmoo mus ib txhis nrog Moscow Conservatory. Ntawm no nws tau cob qhia ntau tshaj 200 tus kws ntaus nkauj. Cov npe ntawm ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm tau paub dav - S. Feinberg, G. Ginzburg. R. Tamarkina, T. Nikolaeva, D. Bashkirov, L. Berman, D. Blagoy, L. Sosina… Raws li S. Feinberg tau sau hais tias, “Goldenweiser tau kho nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv zoo thiab ua tib zoo mloog. Nws presciently foresaw txoj hmoo ntawm ib tug hluas, tseem tsis tau muaj zog txuj ci. Muaj pes tsawg zaus peb tau ntseeg nws qhov tseeb, thaum nyob rau hauv ib tug hluas, zoo li imperceptible manifestation ntawm muaj tswv yim pib, nws twv ib tug zoo txuj ci uas tseem tsis tau pom. Tus cwj pwm, Goldenweiser cov tub ntxhais kawm tau dhau los ntawm tag nrho txoj hauv kev ntawm kev cob qhia kev tshaj lij - txij thaum yau mus rau kev kawm tiav. Yog li, tshwj xeeb, yog txoj hmoo ntawm G. Ginzburg.

Yog tias peb kov qee cov ntsiab lus hauv kev coj ua ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv zoo, ces nws tsim nyog hais txog cov lus ntawm D. Blagoy: "Goldenweiser nws tus kheej tsis tau xav txog nws tus kheej ntawm kev ua si piano, coj ncaj ncees hu nws tus kheej tsuas yog tus kws qhia xyaum xwb. Qhov tseeb thiab meej ntawm nws cov lus tau piav qhia, ntawm lwm yam, los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws muaj peev xwm rub cov tub ntxhais kawm mus rau qhov tseem ceeb, txiav txim siab lub sijhawm hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab tib lub sijhawm kom pom tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntsiab lus. nrog rau qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb, kom txaus siab rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov kev nthuav dav rau kev nkag siab thiab ua rau tag nrho. Distinguished los ntawm qhov tseeb tshaj plaws, tag nrho cov lus hais ntawm Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser coj mus rau loj thiab sib sib zog nqus generalizations. Ntau tus neeg ntaus suab paj nruag kuj dhau lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo heev hauv chav kawm ntawm Goldenweiser, ntawm lawv cov kws sau nkauj S. Evseev, D. Kabalevsky. V. Nechaev, V. Fere, organist L. Roizman.

Thiab tag nrho cov sij hawm no, mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab-50s, nws tseem muab concerts. Muaj solo yav tsaus ntuj, ua yeeb yam nrog symphony orchestra, thiab suab paj nruag nrog E. Izai, P. Casals, D. Oistrakh, S. Knushevitsky, D. Tsyganov, L. Kogan thiab lwm cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo. Zoo li ib tus kws ntaus nkauj zoo. Goldenweiser muaj thawj pianistic style. A. Alschwang tau sau tseg tias "Peb tsis tab tom nrhiav lub zog ntawm lub cev, kev ntxim nyiam ntxim nyiam hauv qhov kev ua si," tab sis peb pom cov duab me me hauv nws, tus cwj pwm ncaj ncees rau tus sau tau ua, ua haujlwm zoo, kab lis kev cai zoo - thiab qhov no yog qhov txaus los ua kom qee tus tswv kev ua yeeb yam rau lub sijhawm ntev nco txog cov neeg tuaj saib. Peb tsis nco qab qee qhov kev txhais ntawm Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann nyob rau hauv cov ntiv tes ntawm A. Goldenweiser. " Rau cov npe no ib tug yuav xyuam xim ntxiv Bach thiab D. Scarlatti, Chopin thiab Tchaikovsky, Scriabin thiab Rachmaninoff. "Ib tug zoo connoisseur ntawm tag nrho cov classical Lavxias teb sab thiab Western suab paj nruag ntaub ntawv," sau S. Feinberg, "nws muaj ib tug tsis tshua muaj repertoire ... ntaub ntawv. Nws sib npaug ua tiav hauv filigree Mozart style thiab impetuously refined tus cwj pwm ntawm Scriabin lub creativity.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, thaum nws los txog rau Goldenweiser-ua yeeb yam, ib qho ntawm thawj yog lub npe ntawm Mozart. Nws cov suab paj nruag, tiag tiag, nrog tus pianist rau yuav luag tag nrho nws lub neej muaj tswv yim. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm 30s peb nyeem: "Goldenweiser's Mozart hais rau nws tus kheej, zoo li yog thawj tus neeg, hais lus tob, ntseeg siab thiab ntxim nyiam, tsis muaj kev dag ntxias thiab pop poses ... Txhua yam yooj yim, ntuj thiab qhov tseeb ... Hauv qab ntiv tes ntawm Goldenweiser los txog rau lub neej tag nrho cov versatility ntawm Mozart - ib tug txiv neej thiab ib tug tshuab raj - nws lub hnub ci thiab kev tu siab, ntxhov siab vim thiab xav, audacity thiab kev tshav ntuj, ua siab loj thiab rhiab. Ntxiv mus, cov kws tshaj lij pom Mozart qhov pib hauv Goldenweiser qhov kev txhais cov suab paj nruag ntawm lwm cov neeg sau.

Chopin cov hauj lwm yeej ib txwm nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv pianist cov kev pab cuam. "Nrog kev saj zoo thiab kev nkag siab zoo ntawm style," hais txog A. Nikolaev, "Goldenweiser muaj peev xwm coj tawm lub suab nrov ntawm Chopin's suab paj nruag, qhov xwm txheej ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag ntaub. Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm Goldenweiser's pianism yog qhov nruab nrab pedalization, ib qho duab nraaj ntawm qhov tseeb contours ntawm cov suab paj nruag qauv, hais txog kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov kab melodic. Tag nrho cov no muab nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam tshwj xeeb tsw, nco txog kev sib txuas ntawm Chopin's style thiab Mozart's pianism.

Tag nrho cov composers tau hais, thiab nrog lawv Haydn, Liszt, Glinka, Borodin, kuj yog cov khoom ntawm kev mloog ntawm Goldenweiser, lub suab paj nruag editor. Ntau yam kev ua yeeb yam, suav nrog sonatas ntawm Mozart, Beethoven, tag nrho cov piano Schumann tuaj rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam niaj hnub no hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm Goldenweiser.

Thaum kawg, hais yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm Goldenweiser tus composer. Nws tau sau peb qhov kev ua yeeb yam ("Lub Koobtsheej Hauv Lub Sijhawm Plague", "Singers" thiab "Spring Waters"), orchestral, chamber-instrumental thiab piano pieces, thiab romances.

… Yog li ntawd nws thiaj ua neej nyob ntev, ua hauj lwm puv npo. Thiab yeej tsis paub kev thaj yeeb. "Tus uas tau mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev kos duab," tus pianist nyiam rov hais dua, "yuav tsum ua siab ntev rau pem hauv ntej. Tsis mus tom ntej txhais tau tias rov qab mus. " Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser ib txwm ua raws li qhov zoo ntawm qhov thesis ntawm nws.

Lit .: Goldenweiser AB Articles, material, memoirs / Comp. thiab ed. DD Blagoy. – M., 1969; Ntawm kev kos duab ntawm nkauj. Sat. ntawv, – M., 1975.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.

Cov khoom xyaw:

Ua yeeb yam - Lub tsiab peb caug thaum muaj mob plague (1942), Nkauj Nkauj (1942-43), Caij Nplooj Hlav (1946-47); tubkaub - Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj (1948); rau orchestra - overture (tom qab Dante, 1895-97), 2 Lavxias teb sab suites (1946); Chamber instrumental ua hauj lwm - string quartet (1896; 2nd edition 1940), trio hauv nco txog SV Rachmaninov (1953); rau violin thiab piano - Paj huam (1962); rau piano - 14 revolutionary nkauj (1932), Contrapuntal sketches (2 phau ntawv, 1932), Polyphonic sonata (1954), Sonata fantasy (1959), thiab lwm yam, nkauj thiab romances.