Eduard Frantsevich Napravnik |

Eduard Nápravník: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?

Qhia. "Harold". Cia siab, nyob zoo (M. May-Fiegner)

Napravnik nkag mus rau keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag raws li ib tug zoo kawg li tus neeg xyuas pib thiab txawj sau ntawv. Nws muaj 4 operas, 4 symphonies, orchestral pieces, piano concerto, chamber ensembles, choirs, romances, compositions rau pianoforte, violin, cello, thiab lwm yam. Raws li ib tug composer, Napravnik tsis muaj ib tug kaj muaj tswv yim cwm pwm; Nws tej hauj lwm yog cim los ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm ntau yam composers thiab, ntau tshaj li lwm tus, los ntawm Tchaikovsky. Txawm li cas los xij, Napravnik txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, opera Dubrovsky, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj; Nws coj tus sau zoo-deserved koob meej.

Eduard Frantsevich Napravnik, Czech los ntawm haiv neeg, yug thaum Lub Yim Hli 12 (24), 1839 hauv Bohemia (hauv lub zos Beishta, ze Kenigrets). Nws txiv yog ib tug kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tus thawj coj hu nkauj hauv pawg ntseeg thiab tus thawj coj. Tus neeg sau yav tom ntej tau kawm hauv Organ School hauv Prague. Xyoo 1861, Napravnik tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov chaw uas nws pom nws lub tsev thib ob. Ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua tus kws qhia ntawv thiab tus kws kho mob ntawm Mariinsky Theatre. Los ntawm 1869 mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Napravnik tseem yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam; Nws kuj tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm symphony concerts ntawm Lavxias teb sab Musical Society.

Ntawm Mariinsky Theatre nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Napravnik, 80 operas tau kawm thiab staged. Thaum lub theatrical tswj, xav txog lub saj ntawm aristocratic voj voog, nyiam Italian opera, nws nkees nkees txhawb kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab composers. Nws staged thawj productions ntawm operas los ntawm Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov (Tchaikovsky, Rubinstein, Serov; Glinka's opera Ruslan thiab Lyudmila thawj zaug ua uncut thiab distorted nyob rau hauv Napravnik batton.

Napravnik kuj tau ua nws tus kheej ua yeeb yam ntawm Mariinsky Theatre: Cov Neeg Nizhny Novgorod (libretto los ntawm PI Kalashnikov, 1868), Harold (raws li ua yeeb yam los ntawm E. Wildenbruch, 1885), thiab Dubrovsky (raws li zaj dab neeg los ntawm AS Pushkin, 1894. ) thiab “Francesca da Rimini” (raws li qhov xwm txheej los ntawm S. Philipps, 1902).

Napravnik tuag hauv St. Petersburg thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 10 (23), 1916.

M. Druskin

• Eduard Napravnik ntawm Imperial Russia Opera →

Lavxias teb sab composer thiab conductor, Czech los ntawm haiv neeg, nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg los ntawm 1861. Los ntawm 1867 nws yog ib tug neeg xyuas pib ntawm Mariinsky Theatre (nyob rau hauv 1869-1916 nws yog tus thawj coj). Ua tiav qhov 1 ntawm ntau cov operas. Ntawm lawv yog "Lub Pob Zeb Qhua" los ntawm Dargomyzhsky (1872); "Pskovite" (1873), "May Night" (1880), "Snow Maiden" (1882) Rimsky-Korsakov; Boris Godunov los ntawm Mussorgsky (1874), Dab los ntawm Rubinstein (1875), Tus Maid ntawm Orleans (1881), Poj huab tais ntawm Spades (1890), Iolanthe (1892) los ntawm Tchaikovsky; ua haujlwm los ntawm Cui, Serov.

Ntawm cov 1st productions ntawm txawv teb chaws operas yog Faust (1869), Carmen (1885), Verdi's Othello (1887) thiab Falstaff (1894), Wagner's tetralogy Der Ring des Nibelungen (1900-05) thiab lwm yam.

Ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm Napravnik, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev vam meej poob rau lub opera Dubrovsky (1894), uas tseem nyob rau theem ntawm theaters. Ntawm lwm tus, peb sau "Francesca da Rimini" (1902, St. Petersburg). Nyob rau hauv dav dav, Napravnik txoj hauj lwm raws li ib tug composer tsis muaj ib yam tseem ceeb rau Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai raws li nws cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib teb.

E. Tsodokov