Язепс Витолс (Язепс Витолс) |

Jázeps Vitols

Tag nrho kuv txoj kev vam meej yog nyob rau hauv kev xyiv fab tias kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav. J. Vytols

J. Vitols yog ib tus tsim ntawm Latvian suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai - tus kws sau ntawv, kws qhia ntawv, tus neeg saib xyuas, thuam thiab pej xeem cov duab. Kev cia siab tob rau hauv lub tebchaws Latvian keeb kwm, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lavxias thiab German suab paj nruag txiav txim siab nws cov duab kos duab.

Lub zog German tau tshaj tawm tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau xyoo thaum ntxov. Tag nrho ib puag ncig ntawm lub xeev Valmiera, qhov chaw uas tus sau tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm Jelgava gymnasium tus kws qhia ntawv, tau imbued nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm German kab lis kev cai - nws cov lus, kev ntseeg, suab paj nruag saj. Nws tsis yog coincidence tias Vitols, zoo li ntau lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm thawj tiam ntawm Latvian musicians, kawm ua si lub cev raws li ib tug me nyuam (nyob rau hauv parallel, nws kawm violin thiab piano). Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoos, tus tub hluas pib sau. Thiab thaum nyob rau hauv 1880 nws tsis tau txais mus rau St. Petersburg Conservatory nyob rau hauv lub viola chav kawm ntawv (vim tsis zoo txhais tes tso), nws zoo siab tig mus rau lub composition. Cov ntawv sau qhia rau N. Rimsky-Korsakov txiav txim siab txoj hmoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tshuab raj. Lub xyoo siv nyob rau hauv lub conservatory (Vitols kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1886 nrog ib tug me me medal medal) nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog zoo masters, nrog lub siab artistic kab lis kev cai ntawm St. Petersburg, los ua ib tug invaluable tsev kawm ntawv rau cov hluas Vitols. Nws dhau los ua nyob ze rau A. Lyadov thiab A. Glazunov, koom nrog cov rooj sib tham ntawm Belyaevsky lub voj voog coj los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov, thiab tom qab kev tuag ntawm M. Belyaev tau txais cov phooj ywg hauv nws lub tsev tos txais qhua.

Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov huab cua no, tseem muaj tus ntsuj plig ntawm "Kuchkism" nrog nws cov kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws peculiar, pej xeem, kev ywj pheej, hais tias cov tub ntxhais suab paj nruag, uas nyob rau hauv St. Latvian artist. Thiab tom qab ntawd, nws rov hais dua tias nyob rau hauv Russia nws compatriot composers "pom ... qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev txhawb nqa rau txhua yam nyob rau hauv peb Latvian suab paj nruag: Lavxias teb sab hlub tsis tsuas ... lwm haiv neeg.

Tsis ntev Vitols yuav nyob ze rau St. Petersburg colony ntawm nws compatriots, nws coj lub Latvian choirs, txhawb lub teb chaws repertoire.

Xyoo 1888, tus kws sau nkauj tau koom nrog hauv peb Lub Tsev Nkauj Qhuas Vajtswv hauv Riga, tsis tu ncua qhia nws cov haujlwm ntawm txhua xyoo "Autumn Concerts" ntawm Latvian suab paj nruag. Ib hom ntawv uas Vitols ua haujlwm tau nyob ze rau qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Korsakov: kev hloov pauv ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj, kev sib hlub (c. 100), choirs, piano pieces (miniatures, Sonata, variations), chamber ensembles, program symphonic works (overtures, suites) , paj huam, etc.). . p.), thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm symphony thiab piano suab paj nruag, Vitols tau los ua ib tug pioneer nyob rau hauv Latvia (lub hnub yug ntawm thawj Latvian qhab nia yog txuam nrog nws symphonic paj huam "League Holiday" - 1889). Pib nws txoj hauj lwm raws li ib tug composer nrog piano pieces thiab romances, los ntawm lig 80s. Vitols maj mam pom cov hom ntawv uas zoo tshaj plaws raws li lub teb chaws xav tau ntawm nws cov txuj ci zoo nkauj - choral suab paj nruag thiab cov kev pab cuam symphonic miniatures, nyob rau hauv uas nws colorfully thiab poetically embodies cov dluab ntawm nws haiv neeg dab neeg.

Tag nrho nws lub neej Vitols qhov kev xav tau tsom mus rau cov nkauj pej xeem (ntau dua 300 kev npaj), cov yam ntxwv uas nws tau siv dav hauv nws txoj haujlwm. 1890s thiab 1900s - lub sij hawm ntawm creation ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws tej hauj lwm ntawm tus composer - choral ballads nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws patriotic ntsiab - "Beverinsky Singer" (1900), "Xov tooj cua", "Tus poj huab tais, lub Fiery Club"; symphonic suite Xya Latvian Folk Songs; overture "Dramatic" thiab "Spriditis"; Piano Variations ntawm lub ntsiab lus Latvian pej xeem, thiab lwm yam. Thaum lub sij hawm no, Vitols 'tus neeg style thaum kawg yuav zoo li, gravitating ntawm clarity thiab objectivity, epic picturesqueness ntawm cov narration, picturesque hloov maj mam lyricism ntawm cov suab paj nruas lus.

Xyoo 1918, nrog rau kev tsim cov koom pheej ntawm Latvia, Vitols tau rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws, qhov chaw nws mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev kawm thiab kev ua ub no nrog lub zog tshiab, txuas ntxiv mus, thiab koom nrog hauv lub koom haum ntawm Nkauj Festivals. Thaum xub thawj, nws tau hais rau Riga Opera House, thiab nyob rau hauv 1919 nws tau tsim lub Latvian Conservatory, nyob rau hauv uas, nrog ib tug luv luv so kom txog rau thaum 1944, nws tuav txoj hauj lwm ntawm rector. Tam sim no lub conservatory dais nws lub npe.

Vitols pib kawm pedagogy hauv St. Petersburg, tau siv ntau tshaj 30 xyoo nyob rau hauv Russia (1886-1918). Tsis tsuas yog cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag (N. Myaskovsky, S. Prokofiev, V. Shcherbachev, V. Belyaev, thiab lwm yam) dhau los ntawm nws cov chav kawm theoretical thiab sau, tab sis kuj muaj ntau tus neeg los ntawm Baltic States uas tau tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lawv lub teb chaws. composing tsev kawm ntawv (Estonian K Turnpu, Lithuanians S. Shimkus, J. Tallat-Kyalpsha thiab lwm yam). Nyob rau hauv Riga, Vitols txuas ntxiv txhim kho cov txheej txheem pedagogical ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov - siab professionalism, hlub rau pej xeem kos duab. Ntawm nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv, cov uas tom qab ntawd yuav muaj nuj nqis ntawm Latvian suab paj nruag yog cov kws sau nkauj M. Zarins, A. Žilinskis, A. Skultė, J. Ivanov, tus neeg xyuas pib L. Vigners, musicologist J. Vītoliņš thiab lwm tus. Petersburg German ntawv xov xwm St. Petersburger Zeitung (1897-1914).

Tus kws sau ntawv lub neej tau xaus rau kev raug ntiab tawm, hauv Lübeck, qhov chaw uas nws tau tawm hauv xyoo 1944, tab sis nws txoj kev xav mus txog thaum kawg tseem nyob hauv nws lub tebchaws, uas tau khaws cia lub cim xeeb ntawm nws tus kws tshaj lij.

G. Zhdanova