tonality yog dab tsi?

Cia peb kawm seb hnub no yog dab tsi tonality. Rau cov neeg nyeem siab ntev kuv hais tam sim ntawd: tseem ceeb - qhov no yog txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub suab paj nruag nplai rau suab paj nruag tones ntawm ib lub suab, khi rau ib feem ntawm lub suab paj nruag nplai. Tom qab ntawd tsis txhob tub nkeeg dhau los ua kom tiav.

Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov ​​lo lus "" ua ntej, txoj cai? Cov neeg hu nkauj qee zaum yws txog qhov tsis yooj yim tonality, thov kom tsa lossis txo lub suab ntawm zaj nkauj. Zoo, ib tug neeg yuav tau hnov ​​lo lus no los ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb uas siv lub tonality los piav txog lub suab ntawm lub cav khiav. Cia peb hais tias peb khaws ceev, thiab tam sim ntawd peb xav tias lub suab nrov ntawm lub cav yuav tho ntau dua - nws hloov nws lub suab. Thaum kawg, kuv mam li tso npe rau qee yam uas koj txhua tus tau ntsib - kev sib tham hauv lub suab nrov (tus neeg tsuas yog pib qw, hloov "lub suab" ntawm nws cov lus, thiab txhua tus tau hnov ​​​​qhov tshwm sim tam sim ntawd).

Tam sim no cia peb rov qab mus rau peb lub ntsiab lus. Yog li, peb hu tonality suab paj nruas scale. Dab tsi yog frets thiab lawv cov qauv tau piav qhia hauv kab lus "Dab tsi yog kev ntxhov siab". Cia kuv ceeb toom rau koj tias hom suab paj nruag feem ntau yog qhov loj thiab me; lawv muaj xya degrees, lub ntsiab ntawm uas yog thawj (lub thiaj li hu ua tonic).

Tonic thiab hom - ob qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tonality

Koj twb tau txais ib lub tswv yim ntawm dab tsi tonality yog, tam sim no cia peb mus rau lub Cheebtsam ntawm tonality. Rau ib qho tseem ceeb, ob lub zog yog qhov txiav txim siab - nws cov tonic thiab nws hom. Kuv xav kom nco ntsoov cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: qhov tseem ceeb yog sib npaug rau tonic plus hom.

Txoj cai no tuaj yeem sib txheeb, piv txwv li, nrog lub npe ntawm tonalities, uas tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv no: . Ntawd yog, lub npe ntawm tonality qhia tau hais tias ib qho ntawm lub suab tau dhau los ua qhov chaw, tonic (thawj kauj ruam) ntawm ib hom (loj lossis me).

Cov cim tseem ceeb hauv cov yuam sij

Qhov kev xaiv ntawm ib lossis lwm tus yuam sij rau kev kaw ib daim suab paj nruag txiav txim siab seb cov cim yuav tshwm rau ntawm tus yuam sij. Cov tsos ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb - sharps thiab flats - yog vim qhov tseeb hais tias, raws li ib tug muab tonic, ib tug loj hlob, uas tswj qhov kev ncua deb ntawm degrees (nyob deb ntawm semitones thiab tones) thiab uas ua rau ib co degrees txo, thaum lwm tus neeg. , ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nce.

Rau kev sib piv, kuv muab rau koj 7 qhov tseem ceeb thiab 7 tus yuam sij me, cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb uas tau coj los ua cov tonic (ntawm cov yuam sij dawb). Sib piv, piv txwv li, tonality, pes tsawg tus cim nyob hauv thiab dab tsi yog cov cim tseem ceeb hauv, thiab lwm yam.

Yog li, koj pom tias cov cim tseem ceeb hauv B yog peb lub ntsej muag (F, C thiab G), tab sis tsis muaj cov cim hauv B; - tus yuam sij nrog plaub lub ntse (F, C, G thiab D), thiab tsuas yog ib qho ntse hauv tus yuam sij. Tag nrho cov no yog vim hais tias nyob rau hauv me me, piv rau loj, qis peb, rau thiab xya degrees yog ib hom kev qhia ntawm hom.

Yuav kom nco ntsoov tias cov cim tseem ceeb nyob hauv cov yuam sij thiab tsis txhob tsis meej pem los ntawm lawv, koj yuav tsum paub ob peb txoj hauv kev yooj yim. Nyeem ntxiv txog qhov no hauv kab lus "Yuav ua li cas nco ntsoov cov cim tseem ceeb." Nyeem nws thiab kawm, piv txwv li, qhov ntse thiab flats nyob rau hauv tus yuam sij tsis yog sau haphazardly, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam, yooj yim-rau-nco txog, thiab kuj hais tias qhov kev txiav txim heev pab koj instantly navigate tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm tonalities ...

Parallel thiab eponymous yuam sij

Nws yog lub sij hawm los xyuas seb lub suab sib luag yog dab tsi thiab cov yuam sij tib yam yog dab tsi. Peb twb tau ntsib cov yuam sij ntawm tib lub npe, tsuas yog thaum peb muab piv cov yuam sij loj thiab me.

Cov yuam sij ntawm tib lub npe - cov no yog tonalities uas lub tonic yog tib yam, tab sis hom yog txawv. Piv txwv li,

Cov yuam sij sib npaug - cov no yog tonalities uas tib lub cim tseem ceeb, tab sis txawv tonics. Peb kuj pom cov no: piv txwv li, ib tug tonality tsis muaj cov cim thiab kuj, los yog, nrog ib tug ntse thiab ib tug ntse, nyob rau hauv ib lub tiaj tus (B) thiab kuj nyob rau hauv ib tug kos npe rau - B-flat.

Cov yuam sij tib yam thiab sib luag yeej ib txwm muaj nyob hauv "loj-me" khub. Rau ib qho ntawm cov yuam sij, koj tuaj yeem sau npe tib lub npe thiab sib npaug loj lossis me. Txhua yam yog qhov tseeb nrog cov npe ntawm tib lub npe, tab sis tam sim no peb yuav ua nrog cov sib npaug.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau tus yuam sij sib npaug?

Lub tonic ntawm qhov sib npaug me me yog nyob rau ntawm qib thib rau ntawm qhov loj, thiab lub tonic ntawm qhov loj ntawm tib lub npe yog nyob rau qib thib peb ntawm qhov me me. Piv txwv li, peb tab tom nrhiav rau ib qho kev sib piv rau tonality rau: qib thib rau hauv - ceeb toom , uas txhais tau hais tias ib qho tonality uas yog parallel Lwm qhov piv txwv: peb tab tom nrhiav rau qhov sib npaug rau - peb suav peb kauj ruam thiab tau txais ib qho piv txwv.

Muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los nrhiav tus yuam sij sib npaug. Txoj cai siv: lub tonic ntawm tus yuam sij thaum uas tig mus yog tus me thib peb nqes (yog tias peb tab tom nrhiav rau ib qho me me thaum uas tig mus), lossis tus me thib peb nce (yog tias peb tab tom nrhiav rau qhov loj sib npaug). Qhov thib peb yog dab tsi, yuav tsim nws li cas, thiab tag nrho lwm cov lus nug ntsig txog lub sijhawm sib tham hauv kab lus "Suab paj nruag Intervals."

Mus xaus

Tsab ntawv tshuaj xyuas cov lus nug: dab tsi yog tonality, dab tsi yog thaum uas tig mus thiab eponymous tonalities, dab tsi lub luag hauj lwm ua tonic thiab hom plays, thiab yuav ua li cas cov cim tseem ceeb tshwm nyob rau hauv tonalities.

Hauv kev xaus, lwm qhov tseeb nthuav. Muaj ib lub suab paj nruag-kev puas siab puas ntsws tshwm sim - hu ua xim hnov. Kev hnov ​​xim yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv ntawm lub suab meej uas ib tug neeg koom nrog txhua tus yuam sij nrog xim. Composers NA tau hnov ​​xim. Rimsky-Korsakov thiab AN Scriabin. Tej zaum koj kuj yuav pom qhov muaj peev xwm zoo nyob hauv koj tus kheej.

Kuv thov kom koj ua tiav hauv koj txoj kev kawm ntxiv ntawm suab paj nruag. Tso koj cov lus nug hauv cov lus. Tam sim no kuv xav kom koj so me ntsis thiab saib cov yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Rewriting Beethoven" nrog lub suab paj nruag ci ntsa iab ntawm tus kws sau nkauj 9th symphony, tonality uas, los ntawm txoj kev, twb paub koj lawm.

"Rewriting Beethoven" - Symphony No. 9 (zoo nkauj heev)