Vladimir Alexandrovich Dranishnikov |
Vladimir Dranishnikov
Honored Artist ntawm RSFSR (1933). Nyob rau hauv 1909 nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub regency chav kawm ntawm lub tsev hais plaub hu nkauj Chapel nrog lub npe ntawm regent, nyob rau hauv 1916 lub St. Petersburg Conservatory, qhov uas nws kawm nrog AK Esipova (piano), AK Lyadov, MO Steinberg, J. Vitol, VP (kev coj. ). Nyob rau hauv 1914 nws pib ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug pianist-accompanist ntawm lub Mariinsky Theatre. Txij li thaum 1918 tus neeg xyuas pib, txij li xyoo 1925 tus thawj coj thiab tus thawj coj ntawm lub suab paj nruag ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam.
Dranishnikov yog tus thawj coj ua yeeb yam zoo. Qhov kev tshwm sim sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, qhov hloov maj mam ntawm theem, kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev txhais lus tshiab tau muab tso rau hauv nws nrog kev nkag siab zoo ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm lub suab thiab cov ntsiab lus, choral dynamics - nrog rau qhov kev nplua nuj ntawm cantilena. ntawm lub suab orchestral.
Raws li kev coj ntawm Dranishnikov, classical operas tau ua nyob rau hauv Mariinsky Theatre (xws li Boris Godunov, nyob rau hauv tus sau phau ntawv los ntawm MP Mussorgsky, 1928; Poj huab tais ntawm Spades, 1935, thiab lwm yam operas los ntawm PI Tchaikovsky; "Wilhelm Qhia", 1932; "Troubadour", 1933), ua hauj lwm ntawm Soviet ("Eagle Revolt" Pashchenko, 1925; "Hlub rau Peb Txiv Kab ntxwv" Prokofiev, 1926; "Flame of Paris" Asafiev, 1932) thiab niaj hnub Western European composers ("Distant Ring" los ntawm Schreker , 1925; “Wozzeck” los ntawm Berg, 1927).
Txij li thaum xyoo 1936, Dranishnikov tau ua tus thawj coj kos duab thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Kyiv Opera Theatre; qhia cov khoom lag luam ntawm Lysenko's Tapac Bulba (tshiab tsab los ntawm BN Lyatoshinsky, 1937), Lyatoshinsky's Shchorc (1938), Meitus' Perekop, Rybalchenko, Tica (1939). Nws kuj ua tau raws li ib tug symphony conductor thiab pianist (nyob rau hauv lub USSR thiab txawv teb chaws).
Tus sau cov khoom, suab paj nruag ua haujlwm ("Symphonic etude" rau piano nrog orc., suab, thiab lwm yam) thiab cov ntawv sau. MF Rylsky mob siab rau lub sonnet "Kev tuag ntawm ib tug Hero" rau lub cim xeeb ntawm Dranishnikov.
Cov khoom xyaw: Opera "Hlub rau Peb Txiv Kab ntxwv". Rau zus tau tej cov opera los ntawm S. Prokofiev, nyob rau hauv: Hlub rau peb txiv kab ntxwv, L., 1926; Niaj hnub nimno Symphony Orchestra, nyob rau hauv: Modern Instrumentalism, L., 1927; Honored Artist EB Wolf-Israel. Txog 40 xyoo ntawm nws txoj kev ua yeeb yam, L., 1934; Suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam ntawm Poj huab tais ntawm Spades, hauv sau: Tus Poj huab tais ntawm Spades. Opera los ntawm PI Tchaikovsky, L., 1935.
Ib tug kws ua yeeb yam ntawm lub zog muaj zog thiab lub siab tawv, tus neeg tsim kho tshiab, tus neeg nrhiav pom ntawm lub qab ntug tshiab hauv kev ua yeeb yam suab paj nruag - qhov no yog li cas Dranishnikov nkag mus rau peb daim duab. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj creators ntawm lub Soviet opera ua yeeb yam, ib tug ntawm cov thawj conductors uas nws ua hauj lwm tag nrho rau peb lub sij hawm.
Dranishnikov ua nws debut ntawm lub podium thaum tseem yog menyuam kawm ntawv thaum lub caij ntuj sov concerts nyob rau hauv Pavlovsk. Nyob rau hauv 1918, tau kawm tiav los ntawm Petrograd Conservatory ua ib tug neeg xyuas pib (nrog N. Cherepnin), pianist thiab composer, nws pib ua nyob rau hauv Mariinsky Theatre, qhov chaw uas nws yav tas los ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug accompanist. Txij thaum ntawd los, ntau nplooj ntawv ci nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm pab pawg no tau txuam nrog lub npe ntawm Dranishnikov, uas nyob rau hauv 1925 los ua nws tus thawj coj. Nws nyiam cov thawj coj zoo tshaj plaws los ua haujlwm, hloov kho lub repertoire. Tag nrho cov spheres ntawm suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam tau raug rau nws cov txuj ci. Dranishnikov nyiam ua haujlwm suav nrog operas los ntawm Glinka, Borodin, Mussorgsky, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Tchaikovsky (nws tau ua tus poj huab tais ntawm Spades, Iolanta, thiab Mazeppa, ib qho kev ua yeeb yam uas, hauv Asafiev cov lus, nws "rov tshawb pom dua, nthuav tawm lub siab, mob siab rau tus ntsuj plig ntawm qhov ci ntsa iab no, suab paj nruag muaj kua, nws lub siab tawv, nws maj mam, feminine lyricism "). Dranishnikov kuj tig mus rau cov suab paj nruag qub ("Cov Neeg Siv Dej" los ntawm Cherubini, "Wilhelm Qhia" los ntawm Rossini), kev tshoov siab Wagner ("Gold of the Rhine", "Kev tuag ntawm Vajtswv", "Tannhäuser", "Meistersingers"), Verdi (“Il trovatore”, “La Traviata”, “Othello”), Wiese (“Carmen”). Tab sis nws tau ua haujlwm nrog kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb ntawm cov haujlwm niaj hnub no, thawj zaug uas qhia Leningraders Strauss's Rosenkavalier, Prokofiev Txoj Kev Hlub rau Peb Txiv Kab Ntxwv, Schreker's The Distant Ringing, Pashchenko's Eagle's Revolt, thiab Deshevov's Ice thiab Steel. Thaum kawg, nws tau tuav lub ballet repertoire los ntawm txhais tes ntawm cov laus Drigo, hloov kho Egyptian Nights, Chopiniana, Giselle, Carnival, staging Cov nplaim taws ntawm Paris. Xws li yog qhov ntau ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab no.
Cia peb ntxiv tias Dranishnikov tsis tu ncua ua yeeb yam hauv concerts, qhov chaw tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tiav hauv Berlioz's Damnation of Faust, Tchaikovsky's First Symphony, Prokofiev's Scythian Suite, thiab ua haujlwm los ntawm Fabkis Impressionists. Thiab txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam, txhua qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj ua los ntawm Dranishnikov tau tshwm sim hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev lom zem, nrog rau cov xwm txheej ntawm kev kos duab tseem ceeb. Cov neeg thuam qee zaum tau tswj hwm "ntaus" nws ntawm qhov yuam kev me, muaj yav tsaus ntuj thaum tus kws kos duab tsis zoo siab, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem tsis lees paub nws lub peev xwm hauv lub zog ntxim nyiam.
Academician B. Asafiev, uas tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kos duab ntawm Dranishnikov, tau sau tias: "Txhua yam ntawm nws qhov kev coj ua yog "tawm tsam tam sim no", tawm tsam cov kws tshaj lij kev pedantry. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ib tug rhiab heev, harmoniously khoom plig suab paj nruag, uas muaj ib tug nplua nuj pob ntseg, uas tso cai rau nws mus hnov cov qhab nia ua ntej nws sounded nyob rau hauv lub orchestra, Dranishnikov nyob rau hauv nws kev ua yeeb yam mus los ntawm suab paj nruag mus ua, thiab tsis vice versa. Nws tau tsim ib qho kev hloov pauv, thawj txheej txheem, tag nrho subordinated rau cov kev npaj, tswv yim thiab kev xav, thiab tsis yog ib tug txheej txheem ntawm yas gestures, feem ntau yog npaj rau kev qhuas ntawm cov pej xeem.
Dranishnikov, uas ib txwm txhawj xeeb txog cov teeb meem ntawm suab paj nruag raws li kev hais lus nyob, uas yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kos duab ntawm intonation, nyob rau hauv uas lub hwj chim ntawm kev hais lus, articulation, nqa lub ntsiab ntawm lub suab paj nruag thiab hloov lub cev lub suab mus rau hauv ib tug. tus tuav lub tswv yim - Dranishnikov nrhiav los ua tus neeg xyuas pib txhais tes - tus neeg xyuas pib cov txheej txheem - ua kom yooj yim thiab rhiab, zoo li lub cev ntawm tib neeg kev hais lus, kom cov suab paj nruag suab hauv kev ua yeeb yam feem ntau yog intonation nyob, kiv cua nrog kev xav kub, intonation. qhov tseeb qhia qhov tseeb. Cov kev cia siab ntawm nws tau nyob rau tib lub dav hlau nrog cov tswv yim ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kos duab tiag tiag…
… Qhov yooj yim ntawm nws "hais txhais tes" yog txawv tshaj plaw, cov lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag, nws cov ntsiab lus semantic muaj rau nws los ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem thiab cov qauv zoo nkauj. Tsis yog ib lub suab tawm ntawm kev kov nrog lub ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tsis yog ib lub suab tawm ntawm daim duab, tawm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj ntawm cov tswv yim thiab tawm ntawm lub suab intonation - qhov no yog li cas ib tus tuaj yeem tsim lub credo ntawm Dranishnikov tus neeg txhais lus. .
Ib tug optimist los ntawm xwm, nws nrhiav nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub neej-kev lees paub - thiab yog li ntawd txawm lub feem ntau tragic tej hauj lwm, txawm ua hauj lwm lom los ntawm kev tsis ntseeg, pib suab zoo li tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm hopelessness twb nyuam qhuav kov lawv, "tab sis ntawm lub core txoj kev hlub nyob mus ib txhis ntawm lub neej ib txwm hu nkauj txog nws tus kheej "... Dranishnikov tau siv nws lub xyoo kawg hauv Kyiv, qhov twg los ntawm 1936 nws mus rau Opera thiab Ballet Theatre. Shevchenko. Ntawm nws tej hauj lwm ua ntawm no yog productions ntawm "Taras Bulba" los ntawm Lysenko, "Shchors" los ntawm Lyatoshinsky, "Perekop" los ntawm Meitus, Rybalchenko thiab Titsa. Untimely tuag overtook Dranishnikov ntawm kev ua hauj lwm - tam sim ntawd tom qab lub premiere ntawm lub xeem opera.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969.
