Henriette Sontag |
Henrietta Sontag
Henrietta Sontag yog ib tus neeg hu nkauj nrov tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Nws muaj ib tug sonorous, saj zawg zog, txawv txav lub suab ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj timbre, nrog ib tug sonorous siab sau npe. Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus neeg hu nkauj yog nyob ze rau virtuoso coloratura thiab lyrical qhov chaw hauv operas ntawm Mozart, Weber, Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti.
Henrietta Sontag (lub npe tiag tiag Gertrude Walpurgis-Sontag; Rossi tus txiv) yug thaum Lub Ib Hlis 3, 1806 hauv Koblenz, hauv tsev neeg ua yeeb yam. Nws coj theem thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus. Cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam tau paub cov suab lus hauv Prague: xyoo 1816-1821 nws tau kawm hauv chav saib xyuas hauv zos. Nws ua nws debut hauv 1820 ntawm Prague opera theem. Tom qab ntawd, nws hu nkauj hauv lub nroog Austria. Ntau lub koob meej coj nws kev koom tes hauv kev tsim tawm ntawm Weber's Opera "Evryanta". Xyoo 1823 K.-M. Weber, tau hnov Sontag hu nkauj, qhia nws ua tus thawj coj hauv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam tshiab. Tus hluas nkauj tsis poob siab thiab hu nkauj nrog kev vam meej.
Xyoo 1824, L. Beethoven tau tso siab rau Sontag, ua ke nrog tus neeg hu nkauj Hungarian Caroline Ungar, ua yeeb yam solo hauv pawg D Major thiab cuaj Symphony.
Thaum lub sij hawm Solemn Mass thiab Symphony nrog cov hu nkauj tau ua, Henrietta muaj nees nkaum xyoo, Caroline yog nees nkaum ib. Beethoven tau paub ob tus neeg hu nkauj rau ob peb lub hlis; Nws tau coj lawv mus rau hauv. "Vim lawv sim txhua tus nqi los hnia kuv txhais tes," nws sau rau nws tus tij laug Johann, "thiab vim lawv zoo nkauj heev, kuv nyiam muab kuv daim di ncauj rau hnia."
Ntawm no yog qhov E. Herriot tau hais tias: "Caroline yog qhov xav tsis thoob txhawm rau txhawm rau muaj ib feem rau nws tus kheej hauv "Melusine", uas Beethoven tau npaj sau rau ntawm cov ntawv ntawm Grillparzer. Schindler tshaj tawm tias "qhov no yog Dab Ntxwg Nyoog nws tus kheej, tag nrho ntawm hluav taws thiab kev xav". Xav txog Sontag rau Fidelio. Beethoven tau tso siab rau lawv nrog ob qho ntawm nws txoj haujlwm zoo. Tab sis cov kev xyaum, raws li peb tau pom, tsis yog tsis muaj teeb meem. Caroline hais rau nws tias, "Koj yog tus neeg ntxeev siab ntawm lub suab," Caroline hais rau nws. "Cov ntawv sau siab no," Henrietta nug nws, "koj puas tuaj yeem hloov lawv?" Tus kws sau ntawv tsis kam hloov txawm tias qhov nthuav dav me ntsis, los ua qhov kev pom zoo me ntsis rau Italian yam, los hloov ib daim ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, Henrietta raug tso cai hu nws lub suab mezzo. Cov poj niam hluas khaws tau qhov kev nco zoo siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib koom tes no, ntau xyoo tom qab ntawd lawv tau lees paub tias txhua zaus lawv nkag mus hauv Beethoven chav nrog tib lub siab uas cov ntseeg hla lub tuam tsev.
Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Sontag yuav muaj yeej nyob rau hauv Leipzig hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Tus Dawb Gunner thiab Evryants. Nyob rau hauv 1826, nyob rau hauv Paris, tus singer hu ib feem ntawm Rosina nyob rau hauv Rossini lub Barber ntawm Seville, dazzling cov neeg tuaj saib nrog nws variations nyob rau hauv lub hu nkauj zaj lus qhia scene.
Lub koob meej ntawm tus singer yog loj hlob los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam mus rau kev ua yeeb yam. Ib zaug tom qab, cov nroog tshiab nyob sab Europe nkag mus rau nws txoj kev ncig ncig. Hauv xyoo tom ntej, Sontag ua yeeb yam hauv Brussels, The Hague, London.
Tus tub huabtais ntxim nyiam Pückler-Muskau, tau ntsib tus neeg ua yeeb yam hauv London xyoo 1828, tau raug tshem tawm tam sim ntawd. Nws hais tias, “Yog kuv yog vajntxwv, kuv yuav cia kuv tus kheej coj nws mus. Nws zoo li ib tug me ntsis dag. " Pückler yeej qhuas Henrietta. “Nws seev cev zoo li ib tug tim tswv; Nws yog incredibly tshiab thiab zoo nkauj, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm meek, npau suav thiab ntawm lub suab zoo tshaj plaws.
Pückler tau ntsib nws ntawm von Bulow's, hnov nws hauv Don Giovanni, tos txais nws lub nraub qaum, ntsib nws dua ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm Duke of Devonshire, qhov twg tus neeg hu nkauj teased tus tub huabtais nrog kev ua phem tsis zoo. Sontag tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv zej zog Askiv. Esterhazy, Clenwilliam mob siab rau nws. Püclair coj Henriette caij tsheb, mus xyuas ib puag ncig ntawm Greenwich hauv nws lub tuam txhab, thiab, txaus siab rau, xav mus yuav nws. Tam sim no nws hais txog Sontag hauv ib lub suab sib txawv: “Nws yog qhov zoo kawg nkaus li tus ntxhais hluas no khaws nws lub siab dawb huv thiab dawb huv hauv ib puag ncig zoo li no; lub fluff uas npog daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau khaws tag nrho nws cov freshness.
Xyoo 1828, Sontag nyiag sib yuav tus neeg sawv cev Italian suav Rossi, uas yog tus sawv cev ntawm Sardinian rau Lub Hague. Ob xyoos tom qab, tus huab tais Prussian tau tsa tus hu nkauj rau cov nom tswv.
Pückler tau tu siab heev los ntawm nws qhov kev swb raws li nws qhov yuav tso cai. Nyob rau hauv Muskau Park, nws tsa ib tug bust ntawm tus kws kos duab. Thaum nws tuag xyoo 1854 thaum mus ncig rau Mexico, tus tub huabtais tau tsa lub tuam tsev tiag tiag hauv nws lub cim xeeb hauv Branitsa.
Tej zaum qhov kev ua tiav ntawm Sontag txoj kev ua yeeb yam yog nws nyob hauv St. Petersburg thiab Moscow hauv 1831. Cov neeg tuaj saib Lavxias tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kos duab ntawm German singer. Zhukovsky thiab Vyazemsky tau hais lus zoo siab txog nws, ntau tus kws sau paj huam mob siab rau nws. Ntau tom qab, Stasov tau sau tseg nws "Raphaelian kev zoo nkauj thiab kev ntxim nyiam ntawm kev qhia."
Sontag yeej muaj lub suab tsis tshua muaj plasticity thiab coloratura virtuosity. Nws conquered nws contemporaries ob leeg nyob rau hauv operas thiab nyob rau hauv concerts. Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas tus neeg hu nkauj compatriots hu nws "German nightingale."
Tej zaum yog vim li cas Alyabyev tus naas ej romance nyiam nws tshwj xeeb mloog thaum nws ncig xyuas Moscow. Nws hais txog qhov no kom meej hauv nws phau ntawv nthuav qhia "Nplooj ntawv ntawm AA Alyabyeva" tus kws kho suab paj nruag B. Steinpress. "Nws nyiam Alyabyev cov nkauj Lavxias teb sab "Nightingale," sau rau Moscow tus thawj coj A.Ya. rau nws tus kwv. Bulgakov hais cov lus ntawm tus hu nkauj: "Koj tus ntxhais ntxim hlub hu nws rau kuv hnub dhau los, thiab kuv nyiam nws heev; koj yuav tsum npaj cov nqe vaj lug kub raws li variations, no aria yog heev hlub ntawm no thiab kuv xav hu nws". Txhua leej txhua tus tau pom zoo rau nws lub tswv yim, thiab ... tau txiav txim siab tias nws yuav hu nkauj ... "Nightingale". Nws tam sim ntawd tsim ib tug zoo nkauj variation, thiab kuv dared mus nrog nws; nws tsis ntseeg tias kuv tsis paub ib daim ntawv. Txhua leej txhua tus pib tawg mus, kuv nyob nrog nws mus txog rau thaum yuav luag plaub teev, nws rov hais dua cov lus thiab suab paj nruag ntawm Nightingale ib zaug ntxiv, tau nkag mus rau hauv lub suab paj nruag no, thiab, muaj tseeb, yuav zoo siab rau txhua tus.
Thiab yog li ntawd nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 28, 1831, thaum lub artist ua Alyabyev lub romance ntawm lub pob teem nyob rau hauv nws hwm los ntawm Moscow Governor-General. Kev txaus siab yog kev zoo siab, thiab tseem nyob rau hauv lub zej zog siab lub voj voog ib tus kws hu nkauj tsis tuaj yeem pab ua neeg saib tsis taus. Qhov no tuaj yeem txiav txim los ntawm ib kab lus los ntawm Pushkin tsab ntawv. Kev cem nws tus poj niam vim nws mus koom ib lub pob, tus kws sau paj huam sau tias: “Kuv tsis xav kom kuv tus poj niam mus qhov chaw uas tus tswv tso cai rau nws tus kheej tsis saib xyuas thiab saib tsis taus. Koj tsis yog m-lle Sontag, leej twg hu rau yav tsaus ntuj, ces lawv tsis saib nws.
Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 30s, Sontag tawm ntawm lub opera theem, tab sis txuas ntxiv mus ua yeeb yam hauv concerts. Xyoo 1838, txoj hmoo rov coj nws mus rau St. Petersburg. Rau rau xyoo nws tus txiv, suav ntawm Rossi, yog Ambassador ntawm Sardinia ntawm no.
Xyoo 1848, kev nyuaj nyiaj txiag yuam Sontag rov qab mus rau lub tsev ua yeeb yam. Txawm hais tias lub sijhawm so ntev, nws qhov kev yeej tshiab tau ua raws hauv London, Brussels, Paris, Berlin, thiab tom qab ntawd txawv teb chaws. Lub sijhawm kawg uas nws tau mloog yog nyob hauv Mev lub nroog. Nws tuag tam sim ntawd rau lub Rau Hli 17, 1854.
