Vasily Sergeevich Kalinnikov |

Vasily Kalinnikov

… Kuv raug nplawm los ntawm qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm ib yam dab tsi uas kuv hlub, paub zoo heev… A. Chekhov. "Lub tsev nrog mezzanine"

V. Kalinnikov, ib tug txawj sau ntawv Lavxias teb sab, nyob thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub 80s thiab 90s. Lub xyoo pua XNUMX Nws yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev nce siab tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, thaum P. Tchaikovsky tsim nws cov masterpieces kawg, ua yeeb yam los ntawm N. Rimsky-Korsakov, ua haujlwm los ntawm A. Glazunov, S. Taneyev, A. Lyadov tshwm sim ib tom qab, thaum ntxov. compositions los ntawm S. Rachmaninov tshwm nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag qab ntug, A. Scriabin. Cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau tshwm sim nrog cov npe xws li L. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, I. Bunin, A. Kuprin, L. Andreev, V. Veresaev, M. Gorky, A. Blok, K. Balmont, S. Nadson ... Thiab nyob rau hauv no muaj zog kwj suab suab paj nruag, tab sis kuj ceeb tias poetic thiab ntshiab lub suab ntawm Kalinnikov lub suab paj nruag, uas tam sim ntawd poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog ob leeg musicians thiab cov neeg tuaj saib, subdued los ntawm lub siab dawb paug, cordiality, inescapably Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag zoo nkauj. B. Asafiev hu ua Kalinnikov "Ring Nplhaib ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag".

Txoj hmoo tu siab tau tshwm sim rau tus kws sau nkauj no, uas tau tuag hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub zog muaj tswv yim. "Rau xyoo thib rau kuv tau tawm tsam nrog kev noj, tab sis nws swb kuv thiab maj mam tab sis muaj tseeb yuav siv sijhawm. Thiab nws yog tag nrho cov txhaum ntawm cov nyiaj damned! Thiab tau tshwm sim rau kuv tau mob los ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis tuaj yeem uas kuv yuav tsum tau nyob thiab kawm.

Kalinnikov yug los nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg pluag, loj tsev neeg ntawm ib tug bailiff, uas nws cov kev txaus siab txawv sharply los ntawm lub mores ntawm lub xeev lub xeev. Hloov daim npav, qaug cawv, lus xaiv - noj qab nyob zoo ua haujlwm txhua hnub thiab suab paj nruag. Amateur choral hu nkauj, nkauj dab neeg ntawm lub xeev Oryol yog thawj lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tus kws sau ntawv, thiab cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm thaj av Oryol, yog li hu nkauj los ntawm I. Turgenev, txhawb nqa tus tub txoj kev xav thiab kev xav zoo nkauj. Raws li ib tug me nyuam, Vasily txoj kev kawm suab paj nruag tau saib xyuas los ntawm zemstvo tus kws kho mob A. Evlanov, uas tau qhia nws lub hauv paus ntawm kev paub suab paj nruag thiab qhia nws ua si violin.

Nyob rau hauv 1884, Kalinnikov nkag mus rau hauv Moscow Conservatory, tab sis ib xyoos tom qab, vim tsis muaj nyiaj los them rau nws cov kev kawm, nws tsiv mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv suab paj nruag thiab ua yeeb yam ntawm lub Philharmonic Society, qhov chaw uas nws muaj peev xwm kawm tau dawb nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv cua tshuab. Kalinnikov xaiv lub bassoon, tab sis nws tau them nyiaj rau feem ntau ntawm nws cov xim rau kev sib haum xeeb cov lus qhia los ntawm S. Kruglikov, ib tug ntau yam tshuab raj. Nws kuj tau mus koom kev qhuab qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Moscow University, ua yeeb yam hauv kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam thiab philharmonic concerts rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv. Kuv kuj tau xav txog kev khwv nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mob siab rau qee yam kev daws teeb meem nyiaj txiag ntawm tsev neeg, Kalinnikov tsis kam txais kev pab nyiaj txiag hauv tsev, thiab kom tsis txhob tuag tshaib plab, nws khwv tau nyiaj los ntawm kev luam ntawv, cov ntawv qhia nyiaj, ua si hauv orchestras. Tau kawg, nws tau nkees, thiab tsuas yog nws txiv cov ntawv xwb txhawb nws kev coj ncaj ncees. "Cia li nkag siab koj tus kheej hauv ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb suab paj nruag," peb nyeem hauv ib qho ntawm lawv, "ua hauj lwm ... Paub tias koj yuav ntsib teeb meem thiab kev ua tsis tiav, tab sis tsis txhob qaug zog, tawm tsam lawv ... thiab tsis txhob thim rov qab."

Kev tuag ntawm nws txiv nyob rau hauv 1888 yog ib tug hnyav hnyav rau Kalinnikov. Thawj tej hauj lwm - 3 romances - tawm ntawm luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1887. Ib tug ntawm lawv, "Nyob rau hauv lub qub mound" (ntawm I. Nikitin chaw nres tsheb), tam sim ntawd los ua nrov. Nyob rau hauv 1889, 2 symphonic debuts tshwm sim: nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov Moscow concerts, Kalinnikov thawj lub orchestral ua tau zoo - lub symphonic painting "Nymphs" raws li cov zajlus ntawm Turgenev "Poems nyob rau hauv Prose", thiab nyob rau hauv cov tsoos ua yeeb yam ntawm lub Philharmonic. Tsev kawm ntawv nws ua nws Scherzo. Txij lub sijhawm no mus, suab paj nruag orchestral tau txais qhov kev txaus siab tseem ceeb rau tus kws sau ntawv. Coj los ntawm zaj nkauj thiab choral kab lig kev cai, tsis tau hnov ​​​​dua ib qho cuab yeej kom txog rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12, Kalinnikov tau nce mus rau symphonic music ntau xyoo. Nws ntseeg hais tias "suab paj nruag ... yog, qhov tseeb, cov lus ntawm kev xav, uas yog, cov xeev ntawm peb tus ntsuj plig uas yuav luag tsis muaj peev xwm piav tau hauv cov lus thiab tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia txog qee yam." Orchestral tej hauj lwm tshwm sim ib tom qab: Suite (1889), uas yeej Tchaikovsky qhov kev pom zoo; 2 symphonies (1895, 1897), symphonic painting "Cedar thiab Palm Tree" (1898), orchestral tooj rau AK Tolstoy qhov xwm txheej "Tsar Boris" (1898). Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws sau nkauj kuj tig mus rau lwm yam - nws sau romances, hu nkauj, piano pieces, thiab ntawm lawv cov "Sad Song" hlub los ntawm txhua tus. Nws yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub opera "Nyob rau hauv 1812", commissioned los ntawm S. Mamontov, thiab ua tiav cov prologue rau nws.

Lub composer nkag mus rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws flowering ntawm nws muaj tswv yim rog, tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no tus tuberculosis uas qhib ob peb xyoos dhau los pib mus rau kev vam meej. Kalinnikov staunchly resists tus kab mob uas devours nws, kev loj hlob ntawm sab ntsuj plig rog yog ncaj qha proportional rau fading ntawm lub cev rog. "Mloog suab paj nruag ntawm Kalinnikov. Qhov twg yog qhov kos npe rau nws tias cov suab paj nruag no tau nchuav rau hauv lub siab tag nrho ntawm tus neeg tuag? Tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj ib qho kev quaj ntsuag lossis mob. Qhov no yog suab paj nruag noj qab nyob zoo txij thaum pib mus txog thaum xaus, lub siab dawb paug, suab paj nruag ..." sau cov suab paj nruag critic thiab tus phooj ywg ntawm Kalinnikov Kruglikov. "Sunny ntsuj plig" - qhov no yog li cas contemporaries hais txog tus composer. Nws cov suab paj nruag sib luag, sib npaug zoo li ua rau lub teeb sov sov.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo tshaj plaws yog Thawj Symphony, uas evokes cov nplooj ntawv tshwm sim ntawm Chekhov lub suab paj nruag-tuab paj nruag prose, Turgenev zoo siab nrog lub neej, xwm, thiab kev zoo nkauj. Nrog kev nyuaj siab, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov phooj ywg, Kalinnikov tswj kom ua tiav cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub symphony, tab sis sai li sai tau raws li nws sounded thawj zaug nyob rau hauv ib tug kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm Kyiv ceg ntawm lub RMS nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1897, nws triumphant procession los ntawm lub nroog. ntawm Russia thiab Europe pib. "Nyob zoo Vasily Sergeevich!" - Tus coj A. Vinogradsky sau rau Kalinnikov tom qab kev ua yeeb yam ntawm symphony hauv Vienna. “Koj lub suab paj nruag kuj tau yeej zoo kawg li nag hmo. Tseeb tiag, qhov no yog qee yam ntawm triumphal symphony. Txhua qhov chaw kuv ua si, txhua tus nyiam nws. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ob tus kws ntaus nkauj thiab cov neeg coob coob. " Ib qho kev vam meej ci ntsa iab kuj poob rau ntau qhov Thib Ob Symphony, ua haujlwm ci ntsa iab, ua rau lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig, sau dav dav, ntawm qhov loj.

Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1900, 4 lub hlis ua ntej tus kws sau ntawv tuag, qhov qhab nia thiab clavier ntawm Thawj Symphony tau luam tawm los ntawm Jurgenson lub tsev tshaj tawm, ua rau muaj kev xyiv fab rau tus kws sau ntawv. Tus tshaj tawm, txawm li cas los xij, tsis them tus sau dab tsi. Tus nqi nws tau txais yog kev dag ntawm cov phooj ywg uas, ua ke nrog Rachmaninov, sau cov nyiaj tsim nyog los ntawm kev tso npe. Feem ntau, rau ob peb xyoos dhau los Kalinnikov tau raug yuam kom muaj nyob rau ntawm kev pub dawb ntawm nws cov txheeb ze, uas rau nws, tsis muaj teeb meem nyiaj txiag, yog qhov kev nyuaj siab heev. Tab sis lub ecstasy ntawm creativity, kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub neej, kev hlub rau tib neeg ib yam li tsa nws saum toj no dull prose ntawm lub neej txhua hnub. Ib tug neeg coj ncaj, tsis tu ncua, siab zoo, tus kws sau nkauj thiab tus kws sau paj huam - qhov no yog qhov nws nkag mus rau keeb kwm ntawm peb cov kab lis kev cai suab paj nruag.

O. Averyanova