Edvard Grieg |

Edvard Grieg: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?

… Kuv rub tawm ib lub txhab nyiaj nplua nuj ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj los ntawm kuv lub teb chaws thiab los ntawm qhov no, tseem tsis tau tshawb nrhiav, kawm txog cov neeg Norwegian tus ntsuj plig, kuv sim tsim lub teb chaws kos duab ... E. Grieg

E. Grieg yog thawj tus kws sau ntawv Norwegian uas nws txoj haujlwm tau dhau mus dhau ntawm ciam teb ntawm nws lub tebchaws thiab dhau los ua cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm European kab lis kev cai. Lub piano concerto, suab paj nruag rau G. Ibsen zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Peer Gynt", "Lyric Pieces" thiab romances yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm suab paj nruag ntawm ib nrab xyoo 1890th. Lub tswv yim loj hlob ntawm tus kws sau paj huam tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm paj sai sai ntawm sab ntsuj plig lub neej ntawm Norway, muaj kev txaus siab rau nws cov keeb kwm yav dhau los, lus dab neeg, thiab kab lis kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam. Lub sijhawm no coj tag nrho "constellation" ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse, cov neeg ua yeeb yam txawv teb chaws - A. Tidemann hauv kev pleev xim, G. Ibsen, B. Bjornson, G. Wergeland thiab O. Vigne hauv cov ntawv nyeem. "Ntau tshaj nees nkaum xyoo dhau los, Norway tau ntsib qhov kev nce siab hauv kev sau ntawv uas tsis muaj lwm lub tebchaws tshwj tsis yog Russia tuaj yeem khav theeb," F. Engels tau sau hauv XNUMX. "...Norwegians tsim ntau ntau dua li lwm tus, thiab ua rau lawv lub thwj cim rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lwm haiv neeg, thiab tsis tsawg kawg yog rau German."

Grieg yug hauv Bergen, qhov chaw uas nws txiv tau ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Askiv. Nws niam, tus kws tshaj lij pianist, qhia Edward txoj kev kawm suab paj nruag, nws tau txhawb nws txoj kev hlub rau Mozart. Ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm tus naas ej Norwegian violinist U. Bull, Grieg hauv xyoo 1858 nkag mus rau Leipzig Conservatory. Txawm hais tias txoj kev qhia tsis txaus siab rau tus tub hluas, uas tau ua rau lub suab paj nruag romantic ntawm R. Schumann, F. Chopin thiab R. Wagner, xyoo ntawm kev kawm tsis dhau mus yam tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev: nws koom nrog European kab lis kev cai, nthuav nws cov suab paj nruag. horizons, thiab mastered cov txheej txheem kev tshaj lij. Ntawm qhov chaw saib xyuas, Grieg pom cov neeg cob qhia uas hwm nws lub peev xwm (K. Reinecke hauv kev sau, E. Wenzel thiab I. Moscheles hauv piano, M. Hauptmann hauv kev xav). Txij li thaum xyoo 1863, Grieg tau nyob hauv Copenhagen, txhim kho nws cov kev txawj sau ntawv raws li kev coj ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Danish nto moo N. Gade. Ua ke nrog nws tus phooj ywg, composer R. Nurdrok, Grieg tsim lub Euterpa suab paj nruas zej zog nyob rau hauv Copenhagen, lub hom phiaj ntawm uas yog mus tshaj tawm thiab txhawb txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov hluas Scandinavian composers. Thaum mus ncig Norway nrog Bull, Grieg tau kawm kom nkag siab zoo dua thiab hnov ​​​​cov lus dab neeg hauv tebchaws. Cov neeg ntxeev siab nyiam Piano Sonata hauv E Minor, Thawj Violin Sonata, Humoresques rau Piano - cov no yog cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntxov ntawm tus neeg sau ua haujlwm.

Nrog rau kev txav mus rau Christiania (tam sim no Oslo) xyoo 1866, lub sijhawm tshiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv tus sau lub neej pib. Txhim kho cov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub teb chaws suab paj nruag, koom ua ke ntawm kev siv zog ntawm Norwegian musicians, qhia cov pej xeem - cov no yog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Grieg hauv lub nroog. Ntawm nws txoj kev pib, Academy of Music tau qhib hauv Christiania (1867). Nyob rau hauv 1871, Grieg nrhiav tau lub Musical Society nyob rau hauv lub capital, nyob rau hauv concerts uas nws ua hauj lwm ntawm Mozart, Schumann, Liszt thiab Wagner, raws li zoo raws li niaj hnub Scandinavian composers - J. Swensen, Nurdrok, Gade thiab lwm yam. Grieg kuj ua tus pianist - tus ua yeeb yam ntawm nws cov piano ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev sib koom nrog nws tus poj niam, tus neeg hu nkauj zoo nkauj, Nina Hagerup. Cov hauj lwm ntawm lub sijhawm no - Piano Concerto (1868), thawj phau ntawv ntawm "Lyric Pieces" (1867), Ob Violin Sonata (1867) - ua tim khawv rau tus kws sau ntawv nkag mus rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev muaj tswv yim loj thiab kev kawm ua haujlwm ntawm Grieg hauv lub nroog tau dhau los ua neeg siab phem, tsis zoo rau kev kos duab. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm kev khib thiab tsis to taub, nws xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov neeg zoo li lub siab. Yog li ntawd, ib qho kev nco tshwj xeeb hauv nws lub neej yog lub rooj sib tham nrog Liszt, uas tau tshwm sim hauv 1870 hauv Rome. Cov lus sib cais ntawm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag zoo, nws qhov kev mob siab rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm Piano Concerto tau rov qab los ntawm Grieg txoj kev ntseeg tus kheej: “Cia li mus rau tib lub siab, kuv qhia koj qhov no. Koj muaj cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov no, thiab tsis txhob cia koj tus kheej raug hem! - Cov lus no zoo li koob hmoov rau Grieg. Cov nyiaj kawm ntawv thoob ntiaj teb hauv lub xeev, uas Grieg tau txais los ntawm 1874, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txwv nws qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab qhia kev ua si hauv lub nroog, thiab mus rau Tebchaws Europe ntau zaus. Nyob rau hauv 1877 Grieg tawm Christiania. Tsis lees txais cov phooj ywg los nyob hauv Copenhagen thiab Leipzig, nws nyiam lub neej nyob ib leeg thiab muaj tswv yim hauv Hardanger, yog ib thaj tsam sab hauv ntawm Norway.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1880, Grieg tau nyob hauv Bergen thiab ib puag ncig ntawm lub villa "Trollhaugen" ("Troll Hill"). Rov qab mus rau nws lub tebchaws tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub xeev muaj tswv yim ntawm tus kws sau nkauj. Kev kub ntxhov ntawm 70s lig. dhau mus, Grieg tau ntsib lub zog loj dua. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiag to ntawm Trollhaugen, ob orchestral suites "Peer Gynt", cov hlua quartet nyob rau hauv G me, suite "Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Holberg", phau ntawv tshiab ntawm "Lyric Pieces", romances thiab suab voj voog raug tsim. Txog rau xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Grieg txoj kev kawm tau txuas ntxiv mus (ua cov concerts ntawm Bergen suab paj nruag zej zog Harmony, npaj thawj lub koob tsheej ntawm Norwegian suab paj nruag hauv 1898). Lub ntsiab lus sau ua haujlwm tau hloov los ntawm kev ncig xyuas (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Austria, England, Fabkis); lawv tau pab txhawb kev sib kis ntawm Norwegian suab paj nruag hauv Tebchaws Europe, coj kev sib txuas tshiab, kev paub nrog cov kws sau ntawv loj tshaj plaws - I. Brahms, C. Saint-Saens, M. Reger, F. Busoni, thiab lwm yam.

Xyoo 1888 Grieg ntsib P. Tchaikovsky hauv Leipzig. Lawv txoj kev phooj ywg ntev ntev tau ua raws, hauv cov lus ntawm Tchaikovsky, "nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub suab paj nruag yam tsis xav txog." Ua ke nrog Tchaikovsky, Grieg tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo kws kho mob los ntawm University of Cambridge (1893). Tchaikovsky's overture "Hamlet" yog mob siab rau Grieg. Lub composer txoj hauj lwm tau ua tiav los ntawm Plaub Psalms rau Old Norwegian Melodies rau baritone thiab sib xyaw hu nkauj a cappella (1906). Cov duab ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv kev sib sau ntawm xwm, kev lig kev cai ntawm sab ntsuj plig, lus dab neeg, yav dhau los thiab tam sim no yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Grieg txoj hauj lwm, coj tag nrho nws cov kev tshawb fawb. "Kuv feem ntau lub siab puag ncig tag nrho ntawm Norway, thiab qhov no rau kuv yog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Tsis muaj tus ntsuj plig zoo tuaj yeem hlub nrog lub zog tib yam li xwm! Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov duab epic ntawm motherland yog 2 orchestral suites "Peer Gynt", uas Grieg tau muab nws txhais lus ntawm Ibsen zaj dab neeg. Tawm sab nraum cov lus piav qhia ntawm Per raws li ib tug neeg taug txuj kev nyuaj, tus kheej thiab cov neeg ntxeev siab, Grieg tau tsim ib zaj paj huam hais txog Norway, hu nkauj qhov zoo nkauj ntawm nws qhov xwm txheej ("Morning"), pleev xim rau cov duab dab neeg txawv txawv ("Hauv lub qhov tsua ntawm lub roob). huab tais”). Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub cim nyob mus ib txhis ntawm lub tebchaws tau txais los ntawm cov duab nkauj ntawm Per niam - tus qub Oze - thiab nws tus nkauj nyab Solveig ("Kev Tuag ntawm Oze" thiab "Solveig's Lullaby").

Cov suites manifested lub originality ntawm lub Grigovian lus, uas generalized lub intonations ntawm Norwegian lus dab neeg, kev txawj ntse ntawm ib tug concentrated thiab capacious suab paj nruas yam ntxwv, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug multifaceted epic duab tshwm nyob rau hauv kev sib piv ntawm luv luv orchestral me me paintings. Cov kab lig kev cai ntawm Schumann's program me me yog tsim los ntawm Lyric Pieces rau piano. Sketches ntawm sab qaum teb toj roob hauv pes ("Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav", "Nocturne", "Nyob hauv tsev", "Lub Tswb"), ib hom ntawv nyeem thiab cim plays ("Lullaby", "Waltz", "Butterfly", "Brook"), Norwegian peasant seev cev ("Halling", "Springdance", "Gangar"), zoo heev cov cim ntawm pej xeem tales ("Txoj kev ntawm lub Dwarves", "Kobold") thiab lyrical plays ("Arietta", "Melody", "Elegy") - lub ntiaj teb loj ntawm cov dluab yog ntes nyob rau hauv cov lyrical composer lub diaries.

Piano tej yam me me, romance thiab song tsim lub hauv paus ntawm tus composer txoj hauj lwm. Cov pearls tiag tiag ntawm Grigov cov lus, nthuav tawm los ntawm kev xav txog lub teeb, kev xav txog kev xav txog kev xav txog kev xav, zaj nkauj, yog cov romances "The Swan" (Art. Ibsen), "Dream" (Art. F. Bogenshtedt), "Kuv Hlub Koj" ( Art. G. X Andersen). Zoo li ntau tus kws sau nkauj romantic, Grieg muab cov suab lus me me rau hauv lub voj voog - "Nyob rau hauv Pob Zeb thiab Fjords", "Norway", "Cov Ntxhais los ntawm Roob", thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau ntawm cov romances siv cov ntawv ntawm Scandinavian paj huam. Kev sib txuas nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv tebchaws, cov neeg ua yeeb yam Scandinavian epic kuj tau tshwm sim hauv kev hais lus thiab ua haujlwm rau soloists, hu nkauj thiab seev cev raws li cov ntawv ntawm B. Bjornson: "Ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj", "Rov qab mus rau lub tebchaws", "Olaf Trygvason” (op. 50).

Instrumental tej hauj lwm ntawm loj cyclic cov ntaub ntawv cim lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws milestones nyob rau hauv lub evolution ntawm tus composer. Lub piano concerto, uas qhib lub sij hawm ntawm muaj tswv yim vam meej, yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb phenomena nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub hom ntawm txoj kev los ntawm L. Beethoven lub concertos mus rau P. Tchaikovsky thiab S. Rachmaninov. Lub symphonic dav ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, lub orchestral nplai ntawm lub suab characterize lub String Quartet nyob rau hauv G me.

Kev nkag siab tob txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub violin, ib qho cuab yeej nrov heev hauv Norwegian pej xeem thiab cov suab paj nruag tshaj lij, muaj nyob rau hauv peb sonatas rau violin thiab piano - hauv lub teeb-idyllic Thawj; dynamic, ci ntsa iab hauv teb chaws xim Thib Ob thiab Thib Peb, sawv ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam, nrog rau piano Ballade nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm Norwegian pej xeem suab paj nruag, Sonata rau Cello thiab Piano. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov voj voog no, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm sonata dramaturgy cuam tshuam nrog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm chav suite, lub voj voog ntawm cov khoom me me (raws li kev hloov pauv dawb, "chain" ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv uas tau txais kev hloov pauv sai sai hauv kev xav, hais tias tsim "kwj ntawm kev xav tsis thoob. ”, nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm B. Asafiev).

Cov hom suite dominates Grieg txoj haujlwm symphonic. Ntxiv nrog rau cov suites "Peer Gynt", tus kws sau ntawv tau sau ib lub suite rau txoj hlua orchestra "Los ntawm Lub Sijhawm ntawm Holberg" (raws li qhov qub suites ntawm Bach thiab Handel); "Symphonic seev cev" ntawm cov ntsiab lus Norwegian, suite los ntawm suab paj nruag rau B. Bjornson zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Sigurd Jorsalfar", thiab lwm yam.

Grieg txoj haujlwm tau pom sai sai rau cov neeg mloog los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws, twb nyob rau xyoo 70s. ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nws tau los ua ib qho kev nyiam thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm Russia. "Grieg tswj tam sim ntawd thiab mus ib txhis yeej Lavxias lub siab rau nws tus kheej," Tchaikovsky sau. "Nyob rau hauv nws cov suab paj nruag, imbued nrog charming melancholy, xav txog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm Norwegian xwm, tej zaum majestically wide thiab grandiose, tej zaum grey, coj tus, kev phem, tab sis ib txwm incredibly ntxim nyiam rau tus ntsuj plig ntawm ib tug Northerner, muaj ib yam dab tsi nyob ze rau peb, nyob zoo, tam sim ntawd nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv peb lub siab lub sov, sympathetic teb.

I. Okhalova

• Grieg lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm →
• Grieg's piano ua haujlwm →
• Chamber-instrumental creativity ntawm Grieg →
• Romances thiab nkauj ntawm Grieg →
• Nta ntawm Norwegian pej xeem suab paj nruag thiab nws cov cawv ntawm Grieg's style →

Lub neej thiab txoj kev muaj tswv yim

Edvard Hagerup Grieg yug rau lub Rau Hli 15, 1843. Nws cov yawg koob yog Scots (los ntawm lub npe Greig). Tab sis kuv yawm txiv kuj nyob hauv Norway, ua tus thawj coj ntawm British nyob rau hauv lub nroog Bergen; tib txoj hauj lwm tau tuav los ntawm composer txiv. Tsev neeg yog suab paj nruag. Niam - ib tug pianist zoo - qhia me nyuam suab paj nruag nws tus kheej. Tom qab ntawd, ntxiv rau Edward, nws tus tij laug John tau txais kev kawm suab paj nruag (nws kawm tiav los ntawm Leipzig Conservatory hauv cello chav nrog Friedrich Grützmacher thiab Karl Davydov).

Bergen, qhov twg Grieg yug los thiab siv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas xyoo, nto moo rau nws lub teb chaws kev coj noj coj ua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam: Henrik Ibsen thiab Bjornstjerne Bjornson pib lawv cov dej num ntawm no; Ole Bull yug hauv Bergen thiab nyob tau ntev. Nws yog nws thawj zaug tau mloog Edward lub suab paj nruag zoo tshaj plaws (ib tug tub muaj hnub nyoog kaum ob) thiab qhia nws niam nws txiv kom muab nws mus rau Leipzig Conservatory, uas tau tshwm sim hauv 1858. Nrog rau luv luv, Grieg nyob hauv Leipzig txog 1862. . (Hauv xyoo 1860, Grieg raug mob hnyav uas ua rau nws noj qab haus huv: nws poob ib lub ntsws.).

Grieg, tsis muaj kev zoo siab, tom qab ntawd rov qab nco txog xyoo ntawm kev saib xyuas kev kawm, kev qhia kev kawm, kev saib xyuas ntawm nws cov xib fwb, lawv cais tawm ntawm lub neej. Nyob rau hauv cov suab nrov ntawm kev lom zem zoo, nws tau piav qhia txog cov xyoo no, nrog rau nws thaum yau, hauv cov ntawv sau txog keeb kwm ntawm lub npe hu ua "Kuv Thawj Qhov Ua Tau Zoo". Tus kws sau ntawv hluas tau pom lub zog "tawm tus quab ntawm tag nrho cov khib nyiab uas tsis tsim nyog uas nws qhov kev loj hlob me me hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau muab rau nws," uas hem tias yuav xa nws mus rau txoj kev tsis ncaj ncees. Grieg sau hais tias "Hauv lub hwj chim no tso kuv txoj kev cawm seej, kuv txoj kev zoo siab," “Thiab thaum kuv nkag siab lub hwj chim no, sai li sai tau thaum kuv paub kuv tus kheej, kuv paub tias kuv xav hu kuv tus kheej li cas. tus xwb kev vam meej… ”. Txawm li cas los xij, nws nyob hauv Leipzig tau muab ntau rau nws: theem ntawm lub suab paj nruag hauv lub nroog no siab. Thiab yog hais tias tsis nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub conservatory, ces sab nraum ntawm nws, Grieg tau koom nrog cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov neeg sau nkauj, cov uas nws nyiam tshaj plaws Schumann thiab Chopin.

Grieg txuas ntxiv txhim kho raws li tus kws sau nkauj hauv qhov chaw suab paj nruag ntawm Scandinavia - Copenhagen. Lub npe nrov Danish composer, ib tug qhuas ntawm Mendelssohn, Nils Gade (1817-1890) los ua nws tus thawj coj. Tab sis txawm tias cov kev tshawb fawb no tsis txaus siab rau Grieg: nws tab tom nrhiav kev tshiab hauv kev kos duab. Kev sib ntsib nrog Rikard Nurdrok tau pab nrhiav pom lawv - "zoo li daim ntaub thaiv tau poob ntawm kuv qhov muag," nws hais. Cov tub ntxhais hluas composers tau cog lus tias yuav muab lawv tag nrho rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib lub teb chaws Norwegian pib nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag, lawv tshaj tawm hais tias ib tug tsis muaj kev hlub tshua tawm tsam cov romantically softened "Scandinavism", uas leveled muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm qhov pib no. Grieg txoj kev tshawb nrhiav muaj tswv yim tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Ole Bull - thaum lawv mus ncig ua si hauv Norway, nws tau pib nws tus phooj ywg hluas rau hauv kev zais ntawm pej xeem kos duab.

Cov kev xav tshiab ideological tsis tau qeeb los cuam tshuam rau tus kws sau ntawv txoj haujlwm. Hauv piano "Humoresques" op. 6 thiab sonata op. 7, as well as in the violin sonata op. 8 thiab Overture "In Autumn" op. 11, tus kheej cov yam ntxwv ntawm Grieg's style twb pom meej meej. Nws tau txhim kho lawv ntau thiab ntau dua nyob rau lub sijhawm tom ntej ntawm nws lub neej cuam tshuam nrog Christiania (tam sim no Oslo).

Los ntawm 1866 txog 1874, lub sij hawm mob siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntaus suab paj nruag, ua yeeb yam thiab sau ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus.

Rov qab rau hauv Copenhagen, ua ke nrog Nurdrok, Grieg tau teeb tsa Euterpe zej zog, uas tau teeb tsa nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj los txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nkauj. Rov qab mus rau nws lub tebchaws, hauv lub nroog Norway, Christiania, Grieg tau muab nws cov suab paj nruag thiab kev sib raug zoo rau qhov dav. Raws li lub taub hau ntawm Philharmonic Society, nws nrhiav, nrog rau cov classics, kom instill rau cov neeg tuaj saib txaus siab thiab hlub rau tej hauj lwm ntawm Schumann, Liszt, Wagner, uas nws lub npe tseem tsis tau paub nyob rau hauv Norway, nrog rau cov suab paj nruag ntawm. Norwegian cov kws sau ntawv. Grieg kuj tau ua tus ntaus piano ua nws tus kheej tej hauj lwm, feem ntau koom tes nrog nws tus poj niam, chamber singer Nina Hagerup. Nws cov suab paj nruag thiab kev kawm ua haujlwm tau koom tes nrog kev ua haujlwm hnyav ua tus sau. Nws yog lub sijhawm xyoo no uas nws tau sau lub npe nrov piano concerto op. 16, Ob Violin Sonata, op. 13 (ib qho ntawm nws cov nkauj nyiam tshaj plaws) thiab pib tshaj tawm cov phau ntawv sau suab, nrog rau cov piano me me, ob qho tib si zoo nkauj lyrical thiab pej xeem seev cev.

Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm Grieg hauv Christiania, tsis tau txais kev lees paub rau pej xeem. Nws muaj cov phooj ywg zoo nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua sib ntaus sib tua rau kev ywj pheej lub teb chaws kos duab - ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tus kws sau ntawv Svensen thiab tus kws sau ntawv Bjornson (nws tau koom nrog yav tas los ntau xyoo ntawm kev phooj ywg), tab sis kuj muaj ntau tus yeeb ncuab - inert zealots ntawm cov laus, leej twg overshadowed nws xyoo nyob rau hauv Christiania nrog lawv intrigues. Yog li ntawd, kev pab tus phooj ywg uas Liszt muab rau nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog imprinted nyob rau hauv Grieg lub cim xeeb.

Liszt, tau txais qib ntawm abbot, nyob rau xyoo no hauv Rome. Nws tsis paub Grieg tus kheej, tab sis thaum kawg ntawm 1868, tau paub nws tus kheej nrog nws Thawj Violin Sonata, ntaus los ntawm cov suab paj nruag tshiab, nws tau xa tsab ntawv zoo siab rau tus sau. Tsab ntawv no tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Grieg phau ntawv keeb kwm: Liszt kev coj ncaj ncees txhawb nqa nws txoj kev xav thiab kev ua yeeb yam. Xyoo 1870, lawv tau ntsib tus neeg. Ib tug phooj ywg zoo thiab siab dav ntawm txhua yam uas txawj ntse hauv cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub, uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txhawb nqa cov neeg uas txheeb xyuas lub teb chaws pib ntawm kev muaj tswv yim, Liszt txais tos Grieg qhov kev ua tiav piano concerto tsis ntev los no. Nws hais rau nws tias: “Cia li mus, koj muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov no, thiab - tsis txhob cia koj tus kheej raug hem! .. ”.

Qhia nws tsev neeg txog lub rooj sib tham nrog Liszt, Grieg hais ntxiv tias: “Cov lus no tseem ceeb heev rau kuv. Nws zoo li koob hmoov. Thiab ntau dua ib zaug, nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev poob siab thiab kev iab, kuv yuav nco ntsoov nws cov lus, thiab lub cim nco txog ntawm lub sijhawm no yuav txhawb nqa kuv nrog lub hwj chim khawv koob nyob rau hnub uas muaj kev sim siab.

Grieg mus rau Ltalis ntawm lub xeev cov nyiaj pabcuam nws tau txais. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, ua ke nrog Swensen, nws tau txais nyiaj laus los ntawm lub xeev, uas tso nws tawm ntawm qhov xav tau kom muaj txoj haujlwm tas mus li. Xyoo 1873, Grieg tau tawm ntawm Christiania, thiab xyoo tom qab tau nyob hauv nws haiv neeg Bergen. Lub sijhawm tom ntej, kawg, ntev ntawm nws lub neej pib, cim los ntawm kev muaj tswv yim zoo, kev lees paub rau pej xeem hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Lub sijhawm no qhib nrog kev tsim suab paj nruag rau Ibsen qhov kev ua si "Peer Gynt" (1874-1875). Nws yog lub suab paj nruag no uas ua rau lub npe Grieg nto moo nyob hauv Europe. Nrog rau cov suab paj nruag rau Peer Gynt, ua yeeb yam piano ballad op. 24, xov quartet. 27, suite "Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Holberg" op. 40, ib tug series ntawm phau ntawv ntawm piano pieces thiab suab lyrics, qhov twg tus composer nce hloov mus rau cov ntawv ntawm Norwegian paj huam, thiab lwm yam hauj lwm. Grieg lub suab paj nruag tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, nkag mus rau theem kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab lub neej hauv tsev; nws tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm los ntawm ib lub tuam txhab muaj koob npe nrov tshaj plaws hauv German tshaj tawm, tus naj npawb ntawm kev mus ncig ua si tau nce ntau. Raws li kev lees paub ntawm nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo, Grieg tau raug xaiv los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm ntau qhov kev kawm: Swedish hauv 1872, Leiden (hauv Holland) xyoo 1883, Fabkis xyoo 1890, thiab ua ke nrog Tchaikovsky hauv 1893 - kws kho mob ntawm Cambridge University.

Thaum lub sij hawm, Grieg nce eschews lub neej nrov nrov ntawm lub peev. Nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog kev ncig xyuas, nws yuav tsum tau mus xyuas Berlin, Vienna, Paris, London, Prague, Warsaw, thaum nyob rau hauv Norway nws nyob ib leeg, feem ntau sab nraum lub nroog (thawj nyob rau hauv Lufthus, ces nyob ze ntawm Bergen ntawm nws thaj av, hu ua Toldhaugen, uas. yog, "Hill of the Trolls"); devotes feem ntau ntawm nws lub sij hawm rau creativity. Thiab tseem, Grieg tsis tso tseg kev ua suab paj nruag thiab kev sib raug zoo. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau xyoo 1880-1882, nws tau coj lub koom haum Harmony concerts hauv Bergen, thiab xyoo 1898 nws kuj tau tuav thawj Norwegian music festivals (ntawm 4 concerts) nyob rau ntawd. Tab sis xyoo dhau los, qhov no yuav tsum tau muab tso tseg: nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo, cov kab mob pulmonary ua ntau zaus. Grieg tuag rau lub Cuaj Hlis 1907, XNUMX. Nws tuag tau ua kev nco txog hauv Norway ua kev quaj ntsuag hauv tebchaws.

* * *

Ib qho kev xav ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus evokes lub ntsej muag ntawm Edvard Grieg - tus kws kos duab thiab ib tug neeg. Kev teb thiab ua siab mos siab muag ntawm kev sib tham nrog tib neeg, hauv nws txoj haujlwm nws tau pom qhov txawv ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ncaj ncees, thiab, tsis koom nrog kev nom kev tswv hauv lub tebchaws, nws ib txwm ua raws li kev ntseeg siab. Kev nyiam ntawm nws haiv neeg yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau nws. Tias yog vim li cas, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo thaum cov kev xav tshwm sim txawv teb chaws, kov los ntawm decadent cawv, Grieg ua raws li ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws. muaj tiag cov kws ua yeeb yam. "Kuv tawm tsam txhua yam ntawm "isms," nws hais, sib cav nrog Wagnerians.

Hauv nws ob peb tsab xov xwm, Grieg qhia txog ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo nkauj. Nws nyo hau ua ntej tus neeg txawj ntse ntawm Mozart, tab sis tib lub sijhawm ntseeg tias thaum nws ntsib Wagner, "tus neeg txawj ntse thoob ntiaj teb no, uas nws tus ntsuj plig ib txwm nyob txawv teb chaws rau txhua tus neeg philistinism, yuav zoo siab thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus ntawm txhua qhov kev kov yeej tshiab hauv thaj teb ntawm ua yeeb yam thiab orchestra. " JS Bach rau nws yog "pob zeb" ntawm kev kos duab niaj hnub. Nyob rau hauv Schumann, nws txaus siab rau tag nrho cov "sov, mob siab rau lub suab" ntawm lub suab paj nruag. Thiab Grieg txiav txim siab nws tus kheej los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Schumannian. Ib qho kev nyiam rau melancholy thiab npau suav nruab hnub ua rau nws cuam tshuam nrog German suab paj nruag. Grieg hais tias, "Txawm li cas los xij, peb nyiam qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb," txawm tias peb cov lus hais yog qhov tseeb thiab meej. Peb siv zog ua kom tiav qhov meej thiab meej hauv peb daim duab. " Nws nrhiav tau ntau lo lus zoo rau Brahms, thiab pib nws tsab xov xwm hauv nco txog Verdi nrog cov lus: "Tus poj niam kawg tau tso tseg ...".

Exceptionally cordial kev sib raug zoo nrog Grieg nrog Tchaikovsky. Lawv tus kheej acquaintance tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1888 thiab hloov mus rau hauv ib tug zoo siab ntawm kev hlub tshua, piav qhia, nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Tchaikovsky, "los ntawm undoubted puab kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub suab paj nruag natures." "Kuv zoo siab tias kuv tau txais koj txoj kev phooj ywg," nws sau rau Grieg. Thiab nws, nyob rau hauv lem, npau suav ntawm lwm lub rooj sib tham "txawm nws nyob qhov twg: nyob rau hauv Russia, Norway los yog lwm qhov chaw!" Tchaikovsky qhia nws txoj kev xav ntawm kev hwm rau Grieg los ntawm kev dedicating lub overture-fantasy Hamlet rau nws. Nws tau muab cov lus piav qhia zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Grieg txoj haujlwm hauv nws phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Kev Taug Kev Ncig Tebchaws hauv xyoo 1888.

"Nyob rau hauv nws cov suab paj nruag, imbued nrog enchanting melancholy, xav txog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm Norwegian xwm, tej zaum majestically wide thiab grandiose, tej zaum grey, me ntsis, kev phem, tab sis ib txwm incredibly ntxim nyiam rau tus ntsuj plig ntawm ib tug Northerner, muaj ib yam dab tsi nyob ze rau peb, nyob zoo, tam sim ntawd pom nyob rau hauv peb lub siab yog ib tug sov so, sympathetic teb ... Ntau npaum li cas warmth thiab mob siab rau nyob rau hauv nws melodious kab lus, - Tchaikovsky sau ntxiv, - ntau npaum li cas tus yuam sij ntawm ntaus lub neej nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo, ntau npaum li cas originality thiab charming originality nyob rau hauv nws witty, piquant modulations thiab nyob rau hauv atherosclerosis, zoo li txhua yam, ib txwm nthuav, tshiab, thawj! Yog tias peb ntxiv rau tag nrho cov yam ntxwv tsis tshua muaj ua tiav qhov yooj yim, neeg txawv teb chaws rau txhua qhov kev txawj ntse thiab kev ua phem ... ces nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias txhua tus hlub Grieg, uas nws nyiam nyob txhua qhov chaw! ..».

M. Druskin

Cov khoom xyaw:

Piano ua haujlwm tsuas yog txog 150 Ntau Cov Me Me (op. 1, luam tawm 1862); 70 muaj nyob rau hauv 10 "Lyric Notebooks" (tshaj tawm los ntawm 1870s txog 1901) Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb suav nrog: Sonata e-moll op. 7 (1865) Ballad nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm variations op. 24 (1875)

Rau piano plaub txhais tes Symphonic Pieces op. kaum plaub Norwegian seev cev op. 35 Waltzes-Caprices (2 pieces) op. 37 Laus Norse Romance nrog Variations op. 50 (muaj ib tsab ntawv orchestral) 4 Mozart sonatas rau 2 pianos 4 txhais tes (F-dur, c-moll, C-dur, G-dur)

Nkauj thiab Romance nyob rau hauv tag nrho - nrog posthumously luam tawm - tshaj 140

Chamber instrumental ua haujlwm Thawj Violin Sonata hauv F-dur op. 8 (1866) Ob Violin Sonata G-dur op. 13 (1871) Third violin sonata hauv c-moll, op. 45 (1886) Cello sonata a-moll op. 36 (1883) Txoj hlua quartet g-moll op. 27 (1877-1878)

Symphonic ua haujlwm "Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg", overture op. 11 (1865-1866) Piano Concerto a-moll op. 16 (1868) 2 elegiac melodies (raws li tus kheej zaj nkauj) rau txoj hlua orchestra, op. 34 "Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Holberg", suite (5 pieces) rau txoj hlua orchestra, op. 40 (1884) 2 suites (tag nrho 9 pieces) los ntawm suab paj nruag mus rau G. Ibsen ua si "Peer Gynt" op. 46 thiab 55 (lig 80s) 2 suab nkauj (raws li tus kheej zaj nkauj) rau txoj hlua orchestra, op. 53 3 orchestral pieces ntawm "Sigurd Iorsalfar" op. 56 (1892) 2 Norwegian melodies rau txoj hlua orchestra, op. 63 Symphonic seev cev rau Norwegian motifs, op. 64

Vocal thiab symphonic ua haujlwm suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam "Ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj" rau poj niam suab - solo thiab hu nkauj - thiab orchestra, op. 20 (1870) “Homecoming” rau txiv neej lub suab – solo thiab hu nkauj – thiab orchestra, op. 31 (1872, 2nd edition – 1881) Kho siab heev rau baritone, hlua orchestra thiab ob horns op. 32 (1878) Suab paj nruag rau Ibsen's Peer Gynt, op. 23 (1874-1875) "Bergliot" rau declamation nrog orchestra op. 42 (1870–1871) Scenes los ntawm Olaf Trygvason rau soloists, hu nkauj thiab orchestra, op. 50 (1889)

Choirs Album for txiv neej hu nkauj (12 choirs) op. Peb caug 4 psalms rau qub Norwegian suab paj nruag rau kev sib xyaw hu nkauj ib lub cappella nrog baritone lossis bass op. 74 (1906)

Kev sau ntawv Ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: "Wagnerian kev ua yeeb yam hauv Bayreuth" (1876), "Robert Schumann" (1893), "Mozart" (1896), "Verdi" (1901), kev sau ntawv sau keeb kwm "Kuv thawj qhov kev vam meej" ( Xyoo 1905)