Trio |
ital. trio, los ntawm lat. tres, tria - peb
1) Ib pawg ntawm 3 tus kws ntaus nkauj. Raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam, instr., wok. (saib Tercet) thiab wok.-instr. T.; Raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov twj paj nruag - homogeneous (piv txwv li, bowed strings - violin, viola, cello) thiab sib xyaw (txoj hlua nrog lub twj paj nruag lossis piano).
2) Suab paj nruag. prod. rau 3 lub twj paj nruag lossis lub suab hu nkauj. Tool T. nrog rau cov hlua. quartet belongs rau ntau hom suab paj nruag chamber thiab los ntawm cov laus trio sonata (sonata a tre) ntawm 17-18 centuries, npaj rau 3 concert instruments (piv txwv li, 2 violins thiab viola da gamba), uas yog feem ntau. koom nrog 4 lub suab (piano, lub cev, thiab lwm yam) ua rau basso continuo ib feem (A. Corelli, A. Vivaldi, G. Tartini). Cov cuab yeej Classic hom T. yog raws li sonata-cyclic. daim ntawv. Qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog nyob ntawm hom FP. T. (violin, cello, piano), uas tshwm sim hauv nruab nrab. Xyoo pua 18th hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv ntawm Mannheim tsev kawm ntawv. Thawj cov qauv classic - fp. lub trio ntawm J. Haydn, nyob rau hauv uas kev ywj pheej ntawm lub suab tseem tsis tau tiav. Hauv trio ntawm WA Mozart thiab cov trios thaum ntxov ntawm Beethoven (op. 1) ch. lub luag hauj lwm belongs rau FP. tog; Beethoven trio ua. 70a ua op. 97, hais txog lub sij hawm ntawm lub composer lub tswv yim kom loj hlob, yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg, kev loj hlob ntawm cov cuab yeej. tog, kev ntxhib los mos complex. Cov piv txwv zoo ntawm fp. Theatre yog tsim los ntawm F. Schubert, R. Schumann, I. Brahms, PI Tchaikovsky ("In Memory of the Great Artist", 1882), SV Rachmaninov ("Elegiac Trio" in memory of PI Tchaikovsky, 1893), DD Shostakovich ( op. 67, nco txog II Sollertinsky). Hom ntawm cov hlua yog tsawg dua. T. (violin, viola, cello; piv txwv li, hlua. trio ntawm Haydn, Beethoven; strings. trio ntawm Borodin ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj nkauj "Kuv chim koj li cas", strings. trio ntawm SI Taneyev). Lwm cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov twj paj nruag kuj tau siv, piv txwv. hauv Glinka's Pathetic Trio rau piano, clarinet thiab bassoon; trio rau 2 oboes thiab lus Askiv. horn, trio rau piano, clarinet thiab cello los ntawm Beethoven; Brahms trio rau piano, violin thiab horn, thiab lwm yam Wok. T. — ib lub ntsiab. opera cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau kev ywj pheej. prod. rau 3 votes.
3) Qhov nruab nrab (section) instr. daim, seev cev (minuet), lub peb hlis ntuj, scherzo, thiab lwm yam., feem ntau contrasting nrog ntau mobile huab qhov chaw. Lub npe "T." tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, thaum nyob rau hauv orc. prod. qhov nruab nrab ntawm daim ntawv peb feem, tsis zoo li tus so, tau ua los ntawm peb cov twj paj nruag xwb.
4) Peb-txheej khoom nruab nrog cev rau 2 phau ntawv qhia thiab pedal, ua tsaug rau dec. Los ntawm kev tso npe cov keyboards, qhov sib piv timbre yog tsim los ntawm cov suab.
References: Gaidamovich T., Instrumental ensembles, M., 1960, M., 1963; Raaben L., Instrumental Ensemble in Russian Music, M., 1961; Mironov L., Beethoven Trio rau piano, violin thiab cello, M., 1974.
IB Manukyan
