Keeb kwm ntawm lub harp

Tsab ntawv - lub suab paj nruag qub tshaj plaws. Nws muaj ib daim duab peb sab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug hneev nrog stretched hlua, uas, thaum ua si, emit ib harmonious suab paj nruag. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, lub harp tshuav nws cov tsos mus yos hav zoov hneev nti. Thaum ib tug txiv neej thaum ub rub ib rab hneev, nws ua suab nrov; rub lwm txoj hlua, ib tus tuaj yeem ua suab paj nruag me me. Thawj cov duab ntawm ib tug hneev-zoo li harp tau pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub qhov tsua drawings ntawm ancient Egypt, yos rov qab mus rau 2800-2300 BC. nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa ntawm cov pharaohs. Xws li ib tug harp, ua yuav luag plaub txhiab xyoo dhau los, tau pom thaum lub sij hawm excavations ntawm lub ancient Mesopotamian lub nroog ntawm Ur. Cov cuab yeej no tau nrov nrog Greeks, Loos, Georgians, Azerbaijanis thiab lwm haiv neeg.Lub lyre, tus muam ntawm lub harp, tau nrov hauv tebchaws Greece. Nyob rau hauv paintings thiab sculptures ntawm lub sij hawm, koj yuav pom tau hais tias lyre, thaum lub sij hawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Mediterranean, tau hlub los ntawm ntau cov kws sau paj lug thiab hu nkauj. Lyres - cov phooj ywg ntawm yuav luag txhua haiv neeg hauv ntiaj teb, tau me dua thiab sib dua.

Hauv Tebchaws Europe, harps tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua XNUMX, tab sis lawv tau dhau los ua ntau tshaj plaws hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMXth-XNUMXth. Ancient harps yog arc lossis angular, txawv qhov loj. Me me tes tuav harps, uas Celts hlub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov. Tsib octaves - xws li yog lub suab ntau ntawm cov cuab yeej, cov hlua tau npaj kom tsuas yog lub suab ntawm diatonic nplai tuaj yeem tsim tau.

Nyob rau hauv 1660, ib tug neeg kho tshuab ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm adjustable yuam sij tau tsim nyob rau hauv Austria, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hloov lub suab ntawm lub suab los ntawm rub los yog txo cov hlua. Tam sim no, kom luv cov hlua, nws tsis tas yuav siv cov ntiv tes, muaj hooks nyob ze ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv, uas pab txhawb lub suab nrov. Muaj tseeb, xws li ib tug mechanism tsis yooj yim, thiab nyob rau hauv 1720 tus German tswv Jacob Hochbrucker tau tsim ib tug pedal mechanism rau kev ua si harp. Xya pedals, tom qab ntawd nce mus rau 14, ua rau cov neeg xyuas pib, tso cai rau cov hooks kom ze rau cov hlua thiab ua kom lub suab nrov ntawm cov hlua.

Tom qab xyoo 1810, Fabkis luthier Sebastian Herard tau txhim kho Hochbrucker zog thiab patented ob-pedaled harp, uas tseem siv niaj hnub no. Lub tshuab, txhim kho los ntawm Ear, muab qhov ntsuas sib npaug ntawm yuav luag xya octaves. G. Lyon hauv Paris xyoo 1897 tau tsim lub suab nrov tsis muaj suab nrov. Nws muaj cov hlua hla, tus naj npawb ntawm ob npaug vim qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm pedals. Cov hlua thib ob muab lub suab tshiab. Vim li no, lub cuab yeej tau koob meej, tab sis tsis ntev nws pib siv tsawg thiab tsawg.

Thawj qhov hais txog lub harp hauv Russia tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua XNUMX. Lub koom haum rau Noble Maidens hauv St. Petersburg tau los ua tus tsim ntawm kev ua si qhov cuab yeej no. Lub koom haum, tsim los ntawm Catherine II, tau coj ntau tus poj niam hu nkauj nrov ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Ntau lub sij hawm tau mob siab rau kev kawm ntaus suab paj nruag, cov kws ntaus nkauj zoo tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe tau caw.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX, lub harp plays lub luag hauj lwm tshwj xeeb hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm ib leeg lossis pab pawg ua yeeb yam. Nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim niaj hnub no los nrhiav tus kws sau ntawv uas tsis siv nws hauv nws txoj haujlwm.