Qhov chaw |

ital. anticipazione, Fabkis. thiab lus Askiv. kev cia siab, kab mob. Antizipation, Vorausnahme

Ib lub suab tsis chord (feem ntau luv luv, ntawm qhov yooj yim ntaus kawg), qiv los ntawm chord tom ntej (nyob rau hauv qhov kev hwm no, P. yog, raws li nws yog, daim iav rov qab ntawm qhov kev npaj khaws cia, qiv los ntawm yav dhau los chord). Abbr. lub npe nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag piv txwv yog im. P. tuaj yeem nkag siab tias yog qhov kev daws teeb meem siab tshaj plaws (kev hloov pauv) ntawm ib lub suab rau hauv lub suab sib txuas ntawm lub chord yav tom ntej (yog li ntawd, lawv tsis tham txog "kev daws teeb meem" ntawm P.). P. feem ntau yog monophonic, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua tau polyphonic (ob npaug, triple P.), txawm tias nyob rau hauv txhua lub suab ib txhij (chord P.; nrog rau nws tsis muaj suab nrov ntawm chord thiab tsis chord suab).

Ib qho tshwj xeeb yog dhia P.; ntau cambiata (lub thiaj li hu ua "fuchsian cambiata") yog qhov dhia P.

Preforms muaj nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. monody (saib qhov pib ntawm "Sanctus Spiritus" ib ntus hauv Notker tsab xov xwm), nrog rau hauv cov laus polyphony, tab sis lub immaturity ntawm chord-harmonic. Cov ntawv thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev sau tsis pub peb hais txog P. raws li ib qho tshwm sim ua tiav ua ntej lub Renaissance (saib G. de Macaux, 14th ballad "Je ne cuit pas" - "Tsis muaj leej twg Cupid yuav muab li ntawd. ntau koob hmoov”, bars 1-2; kuj xaus lub cadence nyob rau hauv lub 8th ballad “De desconfort”). Nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Josquin Despres, P. yeej coj zoo. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th P. yog siv raws li ib tug infrequent, tab sis twb tag crystallized txoj kev ntawm polyphonic. melodics (ze Palestrina). Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm 2nd ib nrab.) P. tau txais qhov zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv tsis tsuas yog rau lub suab contrapuntal, tab sis kuj rau tag nrho chord (lub tswv yim niaj hnub ntawm P.). Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th P. feem ntau siv zoo li ib sab suab los ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb, ntsug (SS Prokofiev, "Romeo thiab Juliet", "Montagues thiab Capulets", xaus lub cadence).

Txoj kev xav, P. qhov tshwm sim tshwj xeeb yog them los ntawm Kr. Bernhard (tus tub kawm ntawm G. Schutz; nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th). Hauv tshooj 23 (“Von der Anticipatione Notae”), nws Op. "Tractatus compositionis augmentatus" P. (raws li lub npe "kev cia siab") yog suav tias yog "daim duab" uas adorns lub suab paj nruag:

Nyob rau hauv treatise "Von der Singe-Kunst oder Manier", Bernhard qhov txawv ntawm qhov "ua ntej ntawm ib daim ntawv" (Tseeb della nota; saib cov piv txwv saum toj no) thiab cov "preface ntawm lub suab" (Tsav della sillaba; saib cov piv txwv hauv qab no ).

JG Walter (pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th) kuj suav nrog P. ntawm "cov duab". Nov yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm "lub suab nrov" los ntawm nws phau ntawv "Praecepta ..." (lo lus "Psallam" yog rov hais dua nyob rau hauv 2nd ib nrab ntawm 1st bar):

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev xav tshiab ntawm kev sib haum xeeb (pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th), piano nkag mus rau hauv pab pawg ntawm cov suab tsis chord.

References: saib ntawm Art. tsis yog chord suab.

Yu. N. Kholopov