Spinet

SPINET (Italian spinetta, Fabkis epinette, Spanish espineta, German Spinett, los ntawm Latin spina - pos, pos) yog ib qho me me hauv tsev keyboard-plucked stringed suab paj nruas ntsuas ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMXth-XNUMXth. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog desktop thiab tsis muaj nws tus kheej ob txhais ceg. Ib hom Cembalo (harpsichord).

Outwardly, spinet yog me ntsis zoo li piano. Nws yog ib lub cev sawv ntawm plaub qhov chaw. Nws muaj 3-6-coal trapezoidal lossis oval duab (nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub duab plaub).

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev yog cov keyboard. Muaj ib lub hau npog rau saum, nqa uas koj tuaj yeem pom cov hlua, tuning pegs thiab qia. Tag nrho cov khoom no yog nyob rau hauv qhov cub. Qhov siab ntawm qhov ntsuas tuaj yeem ncav cuag yim caum centimeters, thiab qhov dav - tsis pub ntau tshaj ib thiab ib nrab meters.

Txhua tus yuam sij sib raug rau 1 txoj hlua. Tsis zoo li lwm yam ntawm harpsichord, cov hlua spinet yog angled rau sab xis ntawm cov keyboard. Lub spinet muaj 1 phau ntawv, qhov ntau yog 2-4 octaves.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub npe "spinet" (los ntawm "pos") qhia txog qhov peculiarity ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lub suab tsim - nws yog tsim los ntawm rub ("pinch") txoj hlua nrog lub ntse kawg ntawm tus noog feather qia. Lub spinet tau tuned ib tug thib tsib los yog ib tug octave siab tshaj lub grand vane.

Cov spinets ntxov tshaj plaws los ntawm Ltalis thiab hnub rov qab mus rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 5th. Ntawm lawv, muaj ntau yam cuab yeej ntawm 6 lossis 1493-sided duab (nrog rau cov keyboard ntawm sab ntev). Cov qauv uas muaj sia nyob ntxov tshaj plaws yog tsim los ntawm A. Passy hauv Modena (Ltalis), qhov thib ob spinet, kuj yog Italian ua haujlwm (XNUMX), khaws cia hauv Cologne.

2 cov twj paj nruag (1565 thiab 1593) yog nyob rau hauv Xeev Central Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Musical Culture muaj npe tom qab MI Glinka hauv Moscow.

Nyob rau hauv ltalis, winged spinets kuj tau tsim los ntawm hom uas yog nrov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv teb chaws Askiv, tshem tawm thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. rectangular virginal li cov cuab yeej siv tshaj plaws rau kev ua suab paj nruag hauv tsev. Lub cev ntawm spinets tau ua los ntawm ebony, inlaid nrog cov khoom kim - kaus ntxhw, niam-ntawm-pearl.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau ntawm lub hau hinged: "Gloria in excelsis" (lat.) - "Glory in heaven" lossis "Haec fac ut felix vivis" (lat.) - "Ua kom koj nyob kaj siab lug." Kev kho kom zoo nkauj nplua nuj ua rau nws tib yam kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev zoo li cov rooj tog zoo nkauj. Nws tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab walnut, fastened rau lub hau nrog nyias tooj liab screws, thiab muaj ib tug ntoo qhib los yog mahogany sawv.

Lub spinet yog npaj rau solo thiab chamber tsev suab paj nruag-ua. Me me spinets, tuned ib octave siab tshaj suab paj nruas sau (Italian spinetti los yog ottavina), feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm handicraft thawv, phau ntawv, thiab lwm yam., decorated nrog gilding, carving, thiab inlay.

Nyob rau hauv Russia lub tsev hais plaub nyob rau hauv con. Xyoo pua 17th muaj xws li spinets hu ua "okhtavki". Tam sim no, spinet yog ntau ntawm ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntau dua li cov twj paj nruag, tab sis qhov no tsis yog axiom. Tsis ntev los no, ib tus tuaj yeem hais txog kev nce siab hauv cov cuab yeej ntawm cov khoom qub. Tias yog vim li cas lub spinet tam sim no tau muaj kev rov yug dua tshiab, uas, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo tshaj plaws rau ntiaj teb suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai.