Hand harmonicas: tsim, keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, ntau yam

Ntau tshaj 200 xyoo tau dhau los txij li qhov tshwm sim ntawm tes accordion. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov ntsuas no tau dhau los ua qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov suab paj nruag nrov xws li khawm accordion thiab accordion, uas niaj hnub no suav nrog hauv pawg kev kawm. Tab sis tes harmonicas ntawm ntau hom txuas ntxiv mus thoob ntiaj teb, ua rau cov neeg nyiam mloog nrog lawv lub suab sib txawv.

tsim

Txawm li cas los xij ntawm ntau yam ntawm harmonica, raws li hom kev tsim suab, txhua hom yog cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag reed, uas yog, lub suab raug muab rho tawm los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm huab cua kwj uas cuam tshuam rau reed. Sab nraud, cov khoom siv harmonica zoo li no:

• sab laug semi-lub cev nrog nws tus kheej keyboard;
• txoj cai semi-lub cev nrog ib tug keyboard nyob rau ntawm lub ntiv tes;
• fur chamber nrog ntau tus naj npawb ntawm barins (folds).

Cov khoom siv sab hauv muaj lub ntsiab tseem ceeb - lub suab bar, uas cov nplais txuas nrog. Muaj ob tug ntawm lawv. Ib qho vibrates thaum lub hauv paus qhib, lwm qhov thaum compressed. Qhov no feature ntawm tes harmonics yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub fact tias thaum lub bellows stretched thiab rov qab mus rau lawv tus qub txoj hauj lwm, cov kev taw qhia ntawm huab cua hloov.

Lub harmonica muaj ib tug diatonic nplai. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheeb ze ntawm harmonica bayan thiab accordion nrog chromatic los yog tov.

Kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub harmonica yog raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug lever keyboard mechanism, zoo li lub piano. Thaum tus yuam sij raug nias, qhov qhib tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub lawj, los ntawm cov huab cua nkag mus rau hauv lub resonator chamber, qhov twg cov reeds nyob.

Cov cuab yeej hu ua "manual" vim hais tias tus accordion player tuav nws txhais tes. Rau kev yooj yim, cov hlua khi rau ntawm lub cev, uas tso cai rau koj tso rau ntawm koj lub xub pwg nyom lossis cov hlua me me kom yooj yim kho koj txhais tes yog tias tus qauv me me.

Keeb kwm

Lub teb chaws Yelemees yog suav tias yog qhov chaw yug ntawm accordion. Nyob rau hauv lub 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, thawj lub cuab yeej yog tsim los ntawm Berlin tswv Friedrich Buschmann. Cov cuab yeej nws tau tsim los ua lub npe hu ua "harmonica". Tab sis muaj cov qauv uas nws tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv Askiv thiab txawm nyob rau hauv St.

Lub forerunner ntawm lub harmonica yog lub harmonica. Nws muaj qhov zoo sib xws ntawm kev tsim suab.

Nyob rau hauv lub 30-40s ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, thawj harmonicas pib tshwm nyob rau hauv Russia. Lawv tau coj los ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim khoom siv tes ua los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm Lavxias tau pib hauv lub xeev Tula.

Tula handicraftsmen yog suav hais tias yog thawj thiab lub ntsiab harmonica manufacturers. Lawv ua ib lub teeb lub teeb nrog ib kab ntawm cov nyees khawm ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug tes.

Cov no yog cov qauv ib leeg, tab sis tom qab ob peb xyoos, "ob kab" tshwm sim. Tab sis lawv muaj ib tug tseem ceeb drawback nyob rau hauv tsis muaj accompaniment, yog li ntawd lub harmonization ntawm Lavxias teb sab nkauj twb distorted. Saratov, Livny qauv thiab "wreath" tau dhau los ua ntau dua.

hom

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub accordion, ntau hom tshwm sim nrog ib tug txawv tus naj npawb ntawm cov yuam sij thiab masters, loj, thiab cov qauv ntawm cov rooj plaub. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob totaub nrog khawm accordion thiab accordion, vim cov qauv no muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Qhov pom tseeb qhov sib txawv ntawm accordion, accordion thiab khawm accordion yog qhov loj thiab tus naj npawb ntawm octaves, tom kawg muaj ntau ntawm lawv. Qhov kev ncua ntev ntawm cov "cov txheeb ze" loj dua yog lwm qhov sib txawv.

Raws li hom kev rho tawm suab, cov qauv muab faib ua ob hom:

• Thaum lub khawm raug nias, lub suab ntawm tib qhov siab yog muab rho tawm - khromka, "livenka", "Lavxias teb sab wreath".
• Lub suab nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav ntawm lub furs - " vaub kib", "Tula", Vyatka accordion.

Lub npe tau muab raws li qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub cuab yeej.

Ib qho kev zam tuaj yeem hu ua cov khoom siv hu ua "turtles". Cov no yog cov harmonica me me heev muag hauv Cherepovets, uas yog Ameslikas tsim rau cov menyuam yaus, thiab tom qab ntawd tau nrov nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam niaj hnub thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam.

Hom nto moo tshaj plaws:

• Yelets piano harmonica - tsim hauv nroog Yelets. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus tswv Ilyin tau txawv los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws muaj kev npaj ntawm cov yuam sij, zoo li lub piano thiab ntau yam ntawm ob thiab ib nrab octaves.
• Livenskaya - lub ntsiab sib txawv nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov txiv neej uas tsim ib tug ntev plaub chamber.
• Saratovskaya - muaj tswb nyob rau hauv tus tsim.
• Cherepovets - muaj qhov me me, thiab cov nyees khawm bass thaj tsam ntawm lub cev.
• Kirillovskaya accordion - tsim nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Vologda, compact, hnav, tab sis nrog ntau yam suab.

Ntawm lwm hom, qhov dav tshaj plaws yog khromka - "ob kab" lossis ib kab lus Lavxias teb sab. Thiab cov neeg sib txawv muaj lawv tus kheej harmonicas: marla-carmon ntawm Mari, talyan harmun ntawm cov Tatars, pshine ntawm Adygs, komuz ntawm Dagestanis.

Lub accordion yog qhov nyiam tshaj plaws thiab nthuav dav hauv Lavxias pej xeem cov cuab yeej. Lub harmonist yeej ib txwm yog tus qhua tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub hnub so, thiab nws cov suab paj nruag nrog rau pej xeem festivals, suab ntawm cov neeg zej zog sib sau ua ke, hnub so.