Triad |

lat. trias, germ. Dreiklang, English. triad, Fabkis triple accord

1) Ib lub chord ntawm peb lub suab, uas tuaj yeem teem rau hauv peb. Muaj 4 hom T.: ob tug consonant - loj (tseem loj, "nyuaj", trias harmonica maior, trias harmonica naturalis, perfecta) thiab me (me, "mos", trias harmonica minor, trias harmonica mollis, imperfecta) thiab ob dissonant - nce (tseem "ntau", trias superflue, abundans) thiab txo (trias deficiens - "tsis txaus"). Consonant T. tshwm sim los ntawm kev faib lub zoo meej consonance ntawm ib tug thib tsib raws li qhov piv ntawm proportions - arithmetic (4:5:6, piv txwv li loj thib peb + me thib peb) thiab harmonic (10:12:15, piv txwv li me thib peb + loj thib peb). Ib tug ntawm lawv - loj - coincides nrog kev kawm ntawm tones nyob rau hauv qis ib feem ntawm lub ntuj teev (tones 1:2:3:4:5:6). Consonant tones yog lub hauv paus ntawm chord nyob rau hauv lub loj-me tonal system uas yeej nyob rau hauv lub 17th thiab 19th centuries. ("Lub harmonic triad yog lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov consonance ...", sau IG Walter). Loj thiab me T. yog qhov chaw. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Tshooj 2. frets Europe. suab paj nruag bears tib lub npe. Rau qhov loj, cov suab paj nruag tau khaws lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm xyoo pua 20th. Sawv sib nrug 2 "inharmonious." T. – nce (los ntawm ob peb loj) thiab txo (los ntawm ob tug me me). Tsis ntxiv mus rau lub consonance ntawm ib tug dawb huv thib tsib, ob leeg yog devoid ntawm stability (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tus ploj zuj zus ib, uas muaj lub dissonance ntawm ib tug diminished thib tsib). Muses. txoj kev xav raws li kev coj ua ntawm contrapuntal. Cov tsiaj ntawv Ameslikas suav tias yog polyphony, suav nrog T., raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv (piv txwv li, T. raws li kev sib xyaw ntawm ib feem thib tsib thiab ob feem peb). G. Tsarlino tau muab thawj txoj kev xav ntawm T. (1558), hu lawv "kev sib haum xeeb" thiab piav qhia qhov loj thiab me T. nrog kev pab los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm cov zauv proportions (nyob rau hauv qhov ntev ntawm cov hlua, loj T. - harmonic proportions 15: 12:10, minor – lej 6:5:4). Tom qab ntawd, T. tau raug xaiv los ua "triad" (trias; raws li A. Kircher, T.-triad yog ib qho ntawm peb hom suab paj nruag "teeb ​​meem" nrog rau suab-monad thiab ob-tone-diad). I. Lippius (1612) thiab A. Werkmeister (1686-87) ntseeg tias "kev sib raug zoo." T. symbolizes St. Trinity. NP Diletsky (1679) qhia "concordances" (consonances) siv tus piv txwv ntawm T. nrog ib tug ob npaug ntawm prima, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb kev npaj (dav los yog ze); Nws txhais ob hom raws li T.: ut-mi-sol - "zoo nkauj suab paj nruag", re-fa-la - "sad music". JF Rameau tau cais cov "tsim" chords los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog cov suab tsis yog chord thiab txhais T. raws li lub ntsiab. chord yam. M. Hauptmann, A. Oettingen, H. Riemann, thiab Z. Karg-Elert txhais minor T. raws li daim iav inversion (inversion) ntawm qhov loj (txoj kev xav ntawm dualism ntawm qhov loj thiab me); Riemann sim ua kom pom tseeb dualism ntawm T. los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm untertons. Nyob rau hauv Riemann txoj kev xav ua haujlwm, consonant temporality yog to taub raws li ib tug monolithic complex, lub hauv paus rau txhua hom kev hloov kho.

2) Lub npe ntawm lub ntsiab. hom tertian peb-suab chord nrog lub prima hauv cov ntses bass thaj tsam, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau nws inversions.

References: Diletsky Nikolay, Lub tswv yim ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv ntawm Musikiy, M., 1979; Zarlino G., Le istitutioni harmonice, Venetia, 1558 (facsimile in Monuments of music thiab music literature in facsimile, 2 series, NY, 1965); Lippius J., Synopsis musicae novae omnino verae atque methodicae universae, Argentorati, 1612; Werckmeister A., ​​Musicae mathematicae hodegus curiosus, Frankfurt-Lpz., 1686, reprinted. Nachdruck Hildesheim, 1972; Rameau J. Rh., Traité de l'harmonie…, P., 1722; Hauptmann M., Die Natur der Harmonik und der Metrik, Lpz., 1853, 1873; Oettingen A. von, Harmoniesystem hauv dualer Entwicklung, Dorpat, 1865, Lpz., 1913 (hauv lub npe: Das duale Harmoniesystem); Riemann H., Vereinfachte Harmonielehre, oder die Lehre von den tonalen Funktionen der Akkorde, L.-NY, 1893 his, Geschichte der Musiktheorie hauv IX. — XIX. Jahrhundert, Lpz., 1901; Hildesheim, 1898; Karg-Elert S., Polaristische Klang- und Tonalitätslehre, Lpz., 1961; Walther JG, Praecepta der musicalischen Composition (1931), Lpz., 1708.

Yu. H. Kholopov