Transposing instruments |
German transponierende Instrumente transposing seev
Cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag, lub suab tiag tiag uas tsis sib haum nrog cov ntawv sau, txawv ntawm nws los ntawm qee lub sijhawm (nce lossis nqis - nyob ntawm lub ntuj tessitura thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm cov twj paj nruag).
To T. thiab. belongs rau pob ntseg pads tooj liab plig. cov cuab yeej (horns, trumpets, cornets, ntau yam ntawm tuba, saxhorns), pl. woodwinds (cov tsev neeg clarinet, saxophones, ntau hom oboe - English horn, oboe d'amour, huxlphone); koj nyob li cas. tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog hlua hneev nti, rov tsim kho rau qee yam. ncua sij hawm - saum toj no lossis qis dua lawv qhov chaw ib txwm muaj (saib Scordatura). To T. thiab. kuj suav nrog cov twj paj nruag uas suab octave qis dua qhov cim (ob npaug ntses bass thaj tsam, contrabassoon) lossis octave siab dua (piccolo flute, celesta, xylophone, tswb), tab sis hauv qhov tseeb qhov no tsis yog kev hloov pauv, txij li cov kauj ruam ntawm cov nplai khaws lawv cov npe. . natural a series of soundscorresponding to the device of the instrument (rau tooj dag cua instruments – a natural scale of overtones), for T. and. sau tseg hauv tus yuam sij ntawm C-dur. Nyob ntawm qhov tuning (tseem) ntawm cov twj paj nruag, cov suab uas tau sau tseg hauv C-dur yeej suab ib ntu ntu siab dua lossis qis dua, piv txwv li. c2 rau clarinet hauv B yuav suab zoo li b1 (rau clarinet hauv A - zoo li a1), rau lus Askiv. horn lossis horn hauv F - zoo li f1, y alto saxophone hauv Es - zoo li es1, y tenor hauv B - zoo li b, y trumpet hauv Es lossis sopranino saxophone - zoo li es2, thiab lwm yam.
L. Beethoven. 8th symphony, 1st zog.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm T. thiab., los yog, theej, lub cim transposing lawv, hais txog lub xyoo pua 18th, mus rau lub sij hawm thaum tus ntsuj plig. cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem rho tawm yuav luag tsuas yog cov suab nrov ntawm lawv cov nplais yooj yim tshaj plaws lossis cov nplais ntuj. Txij li C-dur yog tus yuam sij yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sau ntawv, kev xyaum tau tshwm sim los sau cov khoom hauv C-dur uas sib haum rau lub ntuj tuning ntawm qhov ntsuas.
Nrog rau kev tsim cov li qub thiab cov rooj vag, ua si hauv cov yuam sij ntau dua lossis tsawg dua tshem tawm ntawm cov tseem ceeb. tsim ib qho cuab yeej, tau yooj yim heev, tab sis kev coj ua ntawm kev sau cov cim (uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev nyeem cov qhab nia) txuas ntxiv siv. Ib qho kev sib cav hauv kev pom zoo ntawm nws txoj kev khaws cia yog tias, ua tsaug rau qhov kev hloov pauv, tib tus neeg ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim los ntawm ib hom twj paj nruag ntawm tib tsev neeg mus rau lwm tus nrog kev sib txawv thaum tuav cov ntiv tes, piv txwv li. los ntawm clarinet hauv A mus rau bass clarinet hauv B (ntiv tes yog khaws cia): cov kev hloov pauv no feem ntau ua thaum ua ib qho. (denoted: Cl. in B muta in A; Cl. in B muta Cl. picc. in Es). Dep. transposing tus ntsuj plig. cov twj paj nruag yeej ib txwm sau tseg raws li lawv lub suab (xws li trombones hauv B, tuba hauv B). Qee tus kws sau ntawv hauv xyoo pua 20th. tau sim ceeb toom rau ob tog ntawm T. thiab. raws li lawv lub suab; ntawm lawv – A. Schoenberg (serenade op. 24, 1924), A. Berg, A. Webern, A. Honegger, SS Prokofiev.
Nyob rau hauv lub 17-18 centuries. rau T. thiab. tej yam hauv nruab nrog cev kuj raug ntaus nqi, cov qauv uas txawv ntawm lub orchestral ib tug thiab, raws li, lawv ib feem tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv lwm yam yuam sij.
Литература: Herz N., Theory of transposing musical instruments, Lpz., 1911; Erpf H., Phau ntawv qhia txog kev ntsuas thiab ntsuas ntsuas, Mainz, (1959).
