Tablature |

los ntawm lat. tabula - board, rooj; ital. intavolatura, Fabkis tablature, kab mob. Tabatur

1) Cov tsiaj ntawv tsis tu ncua lossis cov lej cim rau solo instr. suab paj nruag siv nyob rau hauv 14th-18th centuries. T. tau siv thaum sau cov khoom siv rau lub cev, harpsichord (fp.), lute, harp, viola da gamba, viola da braccio, thiab lwm yam twj paj nruag.

Fabkis lute tablature.

Muaj ntau hom T.: Italian, Mev, Fabkis, German. Cov kev cai thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tambourine nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua si cov twj paj nruag; Piv txwv li, cov cim ntawm lub lute timbre tau txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm lub suab lawv tus kheej, tab sis los ntawm cov frets, nyob ze uas cov hlua raug nias thaum rho tawm cov suab tsim nyog; ces. rau cov cuab yeej uas txawv hauv cov qauv, cov cim qhia tau hais tias decomp. suab.

Old German organ tablature

German lute tablature

Ntau dua lossis tsawg dua rau txhua tus T. yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev sib dhos los ntawm cov cim tshwj xeeb muab tso rau saum cov tsiaj ntawv lossis cov lej: ib teev - brevis, kab ntsug - semibrevis, kab nrog tus Tsov tus tw () - minima, khiav nrawm nrog ob npaug. tail () - semiminima, nrog ib tug triple tail () - fusa, nrog ib tug plaub tail () - semifusa. Tib cov paib saum toj no kab rov tav qhia pauses. Thaum ua raws li ob peb lub suab luv ntawm tib lub sijhawm nyob rau xyoo pua 16th. pib siv los ntawm otd. kos npe nrog ponytails ib txoj kab kab rov tav - knitting, tus qauv ntawm cov niaj hnub. "ribs".

Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm lub cev nruas yog tsab ntawv xaiv lub suab. Qee lub sij hawm, ntxiv rau cov ntawv, kab kab rov tav tau siv, sib xws rau qee lub suab lus. ntaub. Hauv qhov qub. organ T., siv kwv yees li ntawm lub quarter thib 1. 14 c ua. (saib Robertsbridge Codex, nyob hauv London hauv British Tsev khaws puav pheej) thaum pib. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, tsab ntawv xaiv tau sib haum mus rau lub suab qis, thiab cov ntawv sau ua hnub nyoog sib raug rau lub suab sab saud. K ser. 15 c ua. suav nrog kev sau ntawv sau los ntawm A. Yleborg (1448) thiab K. Pauman (1452), cov ntsiab lus uas tau piav qhia meej hauv Buxheimer Orgelbuch (c. 1460). Thawj luam T. tshwm sim thaum pib. Xyoo 16th Xyoo 1571, Leipzig organist N. Ammerbach luam tawm ib tug German tshiab. lub cev T., siv nyob ib ncig ntawm 1550-1700; suab nyob rau hauv nws tau denoted los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, thiab atherosclerosis cim tau muab tso rau saum cov tsiaj ntawv. Kev yooj yim ntawm kev nthuav qhia ua kom yooj yim nyeem T. Thawj hom yog lus Mev. lub cev T. yog tsim los ntawm theorist X. Bermudo; nws tso lub suab los ntawm C mus rau a2 ntawm cov kab sib xws rau otd. pov npav, thiab cim lawv nrog cov lej. Tom qab Spanish lub cev T. cov yuam sij dawb (los ntawm f mus rau e1) raug xaiv los ntawm cov lej (los ntawm 1 txog 7), hauv lwm cov octaves ntxiv tau siv. kos npe. Hauv tebchaws Ltalis, Fabkis thiab Askiv hauv xyoo pua 17th. Thaum sau cov suab paj nruag rau cov twj paj nruag keyboard, T., uas suav nrog ob txoj kab nruab nrab, rau sab xis thiab sab laug tes, tau siv. Hauv Italian. thiab Spanish. lute T. rau txoj hlua sib txuas rau rau kab, uas frets tau qhia los ntawm cov lej. Qhia txog kev sib dhos hauv Spanish. T. siv cov cim qhia txog kev coj khaub ncaws, sawv saum cov kab, hauv Italis. T. - tsuas yog stems thiab tails rau lawv, sib npaug ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm. ntev. Cov hlua sab sauv hauv cov T. sib raug rau cov thawj coj hauv qab, thiab rov ua dua. Cov kev ua tiav ntawm cov suab ntawm ib txoj hlua tau qhia los ntawm cov lej: 0 (qhib txoj hlua), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, X, . Tsis zoo li qhov teev T., hauv fr. lute T. tau siv preim. tsib kab (cov hlua sab saud sib haum rau cov kab sab saud); thib rau, kab ntxiv, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws siv, tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub system. Lub suab raug cim. Cov ntawv: A (qhib txoj hlua), a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, 1.

German lub lute t. yog suav tias yog hom ntxov tshaj li cov uas tau hais los saum toj no; nws tau npaj rau 5-txoj hlua lute (tom qab T. - rau 6-txoj hlua lute).

Italian lute tablature

Spanish lute tablature

T. Qhov no tsis muaj kab, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov tsiaj ntawv, cov lej, nrog rau cov stems nrog cov tails uas qhia lub suab.

Ntawm cov ntawv sau tseem muaj sia nyob thiab cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov haujlwm sau tseg los ntawm lub cev thiab lute t., cov hauv qab no tau paub. organ T.: A. Schlick, “Tabulaturen etlicher Lobbesang”, Mainz, 1512; Phau ntawv sau tes sau los ntawm H. Kotter (University Library in Basel), I. Buchner's handwritten tablature book (University Library in Basel and Central Library in Zurich) and other editions in new German. organ music tau ua los ntawm V. Schmidt dem Dlteren (1577), I. Paix (1583), V. Schmidt dem Jüngeren (1607), J. Woltz (1607), thiab lwm yam. b-ka), V. Galilee (Florence, National Library), B. Amerbach (Basel, tsev qiv ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv) thiab lwm yam. 1523; Francesco da Milano, “Intavolatura di liuto” (1536, 1546, 1547); H. Gerle, “Musica Teusch” (Nürnberg, 1532); "Ein newes sehr künstlich Lautenbuch" (Nürnberg, 1552) thiab lwm yam.

2) Cov cai hais txog daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm suab paj nruag thiab poetic. suit-va Meistersinger thiab prevailing mus rau qhov kawg. xyoo pua 15th; cov kev cai no tau ua ke los ntawm Adas Pushman (c. 1600). Cov txheej txheem uas nws tau sau ua ke yog hu ua T. Kev hu nkauj ntawm cov mastersingers yog nruj me ntsis monophonic thiab tsis tso cai rau instr. cov escorts. Qee lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm T. Meistersingers tau tsim dua los ntawm R. Wagner hauv cov khoom tawg ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab The Nuremberg Meistersingers, ntsig txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo. foob. Saib Mensural notation, Organ, Lute, Meistersinger.

Lo lus "T." nws kuj tau siv rau lwm lub ntsiab lus: piv txwv li, S. Scheidt luam tawm Tabulatura nova – Sat. prod. thiab kev tawm dag zog rau lub cev; NP Diletsky siv nws nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm ib phau ntawv.

References: Wolf J., Handbuch der Notationskunde, Tl 1-2, Lpz., 1913-19; его же, Die Tonschriften, Breslau, 1924; Schrade L., Cov qub monuments ntawm lub cev suab paj nruag…, Münster, 1928; Ape1 W., The notation of polyphonic music, Cambridge, 1942, 1961; Moe LH, seev cev suab paj nruag hauv Italian lute tablatures los ntawm 1507 txog 1611, Harvard, 1956 (Diss.); Voettisher W., Les oeuvres de Roland de Lassus mises en tablature de luth, в кн.: Le luth et sa musique, P., 1958; Dorfmь1ler K., La tablature de luth allemande…, там же; Zcbe1ey HR, Die Musik des Buxheimer Orgelbuches, Tutzing, 1964.

VA Vakhromeev