Orchestras pej xeem seev |

Orchestras ntawm pej xeem instruments - Ensembles muaj xws li nat. suab paj nruag instruments nyob rau hauv lawv cov thawj los yog reconstructed daim ntawv. Nws. thiab. lawv yog homogeneous nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg (piv txwv li, los ntawm tib domra, bandura, mandolin, thiab lwm yam) thiab sib tov (piv txwv li, ib tug domra-balalaika orchestra). Lub koom haum txoj cai O. n. thiab. nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab paj nruag. haiv neeg no. Nyob rau hauv lub orchestras ntawm cov neeg uas tsis paub polyphony, kev ua yeeb yam yog heterophonic: txhua lub suab plays tib lub suab, thiab cov neeg koom tuaj yeem sib txawv. Ensembles ntawm hom bourdon ua cov suab paj nruag thiab nrog (ntau dua, cov keeb kwm yav dhau): cov ntawv sau tseg, cov duab ostinato; xws li ib pawg kuj tuaj yeem ua suab nrov. Orchestras ntawm cov neeg, cov suab paj nruag uas yog raws li harmonica. Yeej, lawv ua suab paj nruag thiab accompaniment. Cov pawg me me tau tshwm sim ntawm ntau. haiv neeg txij thaum ub los, yog cov nqa ntawm nar. instr. kab lis kev cai. Lawv nyob ib qho chaw loj hauv lub neej txhua hnub (ua si ntawm hnub so, kab tshoob, thiab lwm yam). Hauv instr. ensembles ntawm cov theem thaum ntxov ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm haiv neeg, suab paj nruag uas tseem tsis tau ua ywj siab. kos duab, txuam nrog lo lus, hu nkauj, seev cev, ua. Piv txwv li, Brazilian Isdias Asmesliskas nyob rau hauv kev yos hav zoov seev cev rau lub suab ntawm cov kav ntoo, cov kav dej thiab lub nruas qhia txog cov npua thiab cov neeg yos hav zoov (cov kev ua li no paub ntawm ntau haiv neeg). Hauv cov suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam los ntawm Africans (Guinea), cov neeg ntawm Is Nrias teb, Nyab Laj, thiab lwm tus, cov suab paj nruag thiab keeb kwm yav dhau (feem ntau suab paj nruag) qee zaum txawv. Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm polyphony yog yam ntxwv ntawm Pan flute pawg (Solomon Islands), Indonesia. gamelan.

Ntau haiv neeg tau tsim kev lig kev cai. compositions instr. ensembles: nyob rau hauv Russia - suab paj nruag. ensembles ntawm horn players, kuvikla (kuvichki) performers; Nyob rau hauv Ukraine - trinity ntawm suab paj nruag (violin, bass (bass), cymbals los yog tambourine; tej zaum violin thiab bass; ensembles ntawm trinity ntawm suab paj nruag tau nrov mus txog rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th), nyob rau hauv Belarus - ensembles ntawm violin, cymbals, tambourine los yog violin, cymbals, pity los yog dudy; hauv Moldova - taraf (clarinet, violin, cymbals, nruas); nyob rau hauv Uzbekistan thiab Tajikistan - mashoklya (surnay, kornay, nagora); Hauv Transcaucasia thiab North. Caucasus 3 sustainable instr. ensembles - dudukchi (duduk duet), zurnachi (zurn duet, uas feem ntau sib koom ntxiv), sazandari (tar, keman-cha, daf, thiab lwm yam compositions); Nyob rau hauv Lithuania - pawg ntawm skuduchiai thiab ragas, nyob rau hauv Latvia - stabule thiab suomi dudy, nyob rau hauv Estonia - nyob deb nroog chapels (piv txwv li, cannele, violin, harmonica).

Nyob rau hauv Russia, pej xeem ensembles instruments tau paub txij li thaum xyoo pua 12th. (ua si ntawm kev ua koob tsheej, hnub so, thaum lub ntees tuag; nrog rau kev hu nkauj, seev cev). Lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg (sniffles, tambourines, harp; horn, harp) los yog homogeneous (choirs ntawm gooselytsiks, harps, thiab lwm yam). Nyob rau hauv 1870, NV Kondratiev tau tsim ib tug hu nkauj ntawm Vladimir horn players; Nyob rau hauv 1886, NI Beloborodov tau tsim ib tug chromatic orchestra. Harmonica, nyob rau hauv 1887 VV Andreev - "Lub Vajvoog ntawm Balalaika Lovers" (xws li 8 musicians), nyob rau hauv 1896 hloov mus rau hauv lub Great Lavxias teb sab Orchestra. Cov pab pawg no tau ua nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Russia thiab txawv teb chaws. Ua raws li qhov piv txwv ntawm Andreev's orchestra, amateur O. n. thiab. Nyob rau hauv 1902, G. Khotkevich, ntxiv bandura thiab lyre players rau pawg, tsim thawj Ukrainian. Nws. thiab. Nyob rau hauv Lithuania nyob rau hauv 1906 ib tug ethnographic pawg ntawm ancient cancles. Hauv cargo. folklore, qhov twg woks ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. laj, instr. pawg premier. nrog kev seev cev thiab hu nkauj. Xyoo 1888 thawj cov khoom thauj tau raug teeb tsa. nat. suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv Armenia, pej xeem ensembles Instruments muaj nyob txij li thaum BC. e. Hauv con. Xyoo 19th lub koom txoos ntawm ashug Jivani tau koob meej.

Nyob rau hauv lub owls lub sij hawm tej yam kev mob rau dav kev loj hlob ntawm O. ntawm n yog tsim. thiab. Nyob rau hauv lub union thiab autonomous republics, ntau ua hauj lwm tau ua los txhim kho thiab reconstruct bunks. cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag uas tau pab txhawb rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm lawv qhov kev nthuav qhia. thiab tech. cib fim (saib Reconstruction of music instruments). Ib qho ntawm thawj orchestras ua los ntawm kev txhim kho bunks. instruments, yog hu ua. Eastern Symphony. Orchestra tau tsim los ntawm VG Buni hauv xyoo 1925-26 hauv Armenia.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1940 nyob rau hauv cov tsoos Ensembles tau nce ntxiv los ua kom tiav. cuab yeej. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm Russia. kuvikl feem ntau suav nrog snot, zhaleyka thiab violin, Caucasian duet ntawm zurn thiab dudukov yog nrog los ntawm "sab hnub tuaj" harmonica, thiab lwm yam. Lub harmonica, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws ntau yam xws li khawm accordion, accordion, yog dav suav nrog ntau yam. nat. pawg. Lub composition ntawm Lavxias teb sab He. thiab., ntxiv rau lub khawm accordion, lawv kuj qee zaus muaj xws li zhaleyki, horns, diav, thiab qee zaum ib lub raj nplaim, oboe, clarinet, thiab lwm yam dab. instruments (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub orchestra ntawm Nkauj thiab seev cev pawg ntawm lub Soviet Army muaj npe tom qab AV Aleksandrov). Ib tug xov tooj ntawm prof. Nws. thiab., tau tsim instr. pab pawg ntawm nkauj thiab seev cev pawg, hu nkauj. thiab seev cev. sib sau ua ke, nyob rau hauv xov tooj cua broadcasting committees. Nrog prof. Nws. thiab., tswj hwm los ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab rep. Philharmonic thiab ua ib tug dav conc. ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv lub USSR, amateurs tau dav. orchestras thiab ensembles (hauv tsev ntawm kab lis kev cai, clubs). Nws. thiab. tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws uas yav tas los tsis muaj polyphony thiab pawg ua si (piv txwv li, hauv Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan). Ntawm qhov feem ntau txhais tau tias. Nws. ib.: rus. nar. orchestra lawv. NP Osipova (Moscow, txij li xyoo 1940), Rus. nar. orchestra lawv. VV Andreeva (saib Orchestra ntawm Lavxias teb sab Folk Instruments), Kazakh. pej xeem orchestra cuab yeej rau lawv. Kurmangazy (1934), Uzbek. pej xeem orchestra instruments (1938), Nar. orchestra ntawm BSSR (1938), orchestra pwm. nar. cov twj paj nruag (1949, txij li xyoo 1957 "Fluerash") thiab lub koom txoos ntawm nar. music "Folklore" (1968) nyob rau hauv Moldova, orchestra Rus. nar. hu nkauj lawv. MB Pyatnitsky, orchestra ntawm Nkauj thiab seev cev pawg ntawm Owls. Tub rog lawv. AV Aleksandrova; instr. pab pawg ntawm Karelian nkauj thiab seev cev pawg "Kantele" (1936), lit. Ensemble "Letuva" (1940), Ukr. nar. hu nkauj lawv. G. Veryovki (1943). Orchestras thiab Ensembles cov cuab yeej muaj cov repertoire uas nws kim heev, uas suav nrog instr. plays, seev cev thiab nkauj ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub USSR thiab txawv teb chaws. lub teb chaws, nrog rau cov owls. composers (nrog rau cov ntawv sau tshwj xeeb rau O. n. thiab.), classical. suab paj nruag.

Ua si chav kawm ntawm nar. cuab yeej, cob qhia cadres prof. performers, conductors, xib fwb thiab art directors. amateur ua yeeb yam, muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm ntau dua uch. cov koom haum ntawm lub teb chaws (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Leningrad, Kyiv, Riga, Baku, Tashkent thiab lwm yam conservatories, Moscow Musical thiab pedagogical lub koom haum, nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai institutes ntawm ntau lub nroog), raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag. uch-shah, me nyuam music. cov tsev kawm ntawv, tshwj xeeb lub voj voog ntawm Palaces ntawm Culture thiab loj amateurs. pawg.

Nws. thiab. feem ntau nyob rau hauv lwm yam socialist. lub teb chaws. Nyob rau txawv teb chaws muaj prof. thiab amateur O. n. thiab., suav nrog guitars, mandolins, violins, thiab lwm yam niaj hnub. cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag.

References: Andreev VV, Lub Great Lavxias teb sab Orchestra thiab Nws Qhov Tseem Ceeb rau Cov Neeg, (P., 1917); Alekseev K., Amateur Orchestra of Folk Instruments, M., 1948; Gizatov B., Kazakh xeev. Orchestra ntawm Folk Instruments Kurmangazy, A.-A., 1957; Zhinovich I., Xeev. Belarusian pej xeem orchestra, Minsk, 1958; Vyzgo T., Petrosyants A., Uzbek orchestra of folk instruments, Tash., 1962; Sokolov F., VV Andreev and his orchestra, L., 1962; Vertkov K., Lavxias teb sab pej xeem seev cev, L., 1975.

GI Blagodatov