Ornaments |

los ntawm. lat. ornamentum - kho kom zoo nkauj

Suab ntawm lub sij hawm luv luv, decorating lub ntsiab melodic qauv. O. suav nrog acc. xaiv cov nqe lus, tyrates, figurations, graces. Lub kheej kheej ntawm O. kuj suav nrog tremolo thiab vibrato. Nyob ib sab ntawm nws yog qee hom kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov kev hloov pauv tau ua nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tau zoo - rubato, Lombard atherosclerosis, thiab lwm yam ntawv tsis sib xws (sau ntawv inégales). Cov tom kawg tau siv ua lus Fab Kis. harpsichord suab paj nruag 17-18 centuries. Lawv lub ntsiab ntau yam - tso cai nyob rau hauv lub txhais. tej yam kev mob, kev ua tau zoo ntawm khub kaum rau, yim, quarters nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb, ze rau dotted atherosclerosis. O. qhia melodic. kab, saturates nws nrog kev qhia, nce smoothness ntawm suab hloov. Dav siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv variational.

Nyob rau hauv nws lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab evolution O. yog ze rau improvisation. Tau ntev hauv Western Europe. prof. monophony prevailed nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag. Txij li thaum, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus composer thiab tus neeg ua yeeb yam feem ntau yog ua ke nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg, cov kev haum xeeb tau tsim rau cov nplua nuj kev loj hlob ntawm kos duab ntawm improvised variant decorations npog melodic music. kab nyob rau hauv dav los yog nyob rau hauv creatures. tawg tawg. Hom kev kho kom zoo nkauj no hu ua. dawb O. Nws nyob ntawm qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv cov muses tseem tsis txaus tshawb nrhiav. kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg tsis yog Europe. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm O., tsim nyob rau hauv cov qub Western European. suab paj nruag, diminution (3) thiab coloratura. Coloratura kuj tseem muaj xws li cov khoom me me, ruaj khov kho. suab, to-rye feem ntau hu ua melismas. Arpeggios kuj tseem tuaj yeem raug faib ua melismas, uas, raws li kev zam, hais txog ntau yam. chord-forming suab. Kho kom zoo nkauj yog tsim tshwj xeeb. icons los yog sau ntawv me me. Cov qauv dav dav ntawm keeb kwm European txoj kev loj hlob O. - qhov kev ntshaw rau kev tswj hwm nrog kev txuag tsis tau ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm improvisation.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Byzantine thiab Gregorian zaj nkauj, ch. arr. qhov ntxov tshaj plaws, nrog rau lub ntsiab tshwj xeeb ntawm neum-décorations (piv txwv li, quilisms), qhov tseem ceeb ntawm uas tseem tsis tau paub meej, pom nrog cov cim tsis zoo. O. qhov kev nplua nuj txawv, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau, lwm cov neeg Lavxias. kondakar hu nkauj (saib Fita).

Hauv Western Europe. (tshwj xeeb yog Italian-Spanish) polygoal. wok ua. suab paj nruag ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog lig thiab Renaissance (motets, madrigals, thiab lwm yam) raws li improvisations. element ua. art-va cov txheej txheem diminution tau txais kev loj hlob zoo. Nws kuj tau ua ib qho kev ntxhib los mos. lub hauv paus ntawm xws li ancient instr. ib hom ntawv zoo li prelude, ricercar, toccata, fantasy. Dep. diminutive formulas maj sawv tawm los ntawm ntau yam manifestations ntawm kev hais lus dawb, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm qhov xaus ntawm melodic. kev tsim kho (hauv clauses). Ib ncig ntawm ser. 15 c ua. hauv nws. org. tablature tshwm thawj daim duab. paib rau sau decorations. K ser. Xyoo pua 16th tau siv dav - hauv decomp. variants thiab kev sib txuas - mordent, trill, gruppetto, to-rye tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb. instr. hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Thaj, lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev xyaum ntawm instr. kev ua tau zoo.

Los ntawm 2nd pem teb. 16th caug xyoo dawb O. tsim hl. arr. nyob rau hauv ltalis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv melodic. kev nplua nuj ntawm solo wok. suab paj nruag, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub violinist gravitating rau virtuosity. suab paj nruag. Lub sijhawm ntawd hauv violin. suab paj nruag tseem tsis tau pom dav daim ntawv thov vibrato, uas muab kev qhia rau lub suab txuas ntxiv, thiab cov nplua nuj ornamentation ntawm cov suab paj nruag tau txais kev hloov pauv rau nws. Melismatic decorations (ornements, agréments) tau txais kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb hauv kev kos duab ntawm Fabkis. Lutenists thiab harpsichordists ntawm 17th thiab 18th centuries, rau cov uas muaj ib tug yam ntxwv cia siab rau seev cev. genres raug rau sophisticated stylization. Nyob rau hauv Fabkis cov suab paj nruag muaj kev sib raug zoo instr. kev pom zoo nrog secular wok. lyrics (lub thiaj li hu ua airs de cour), uas nws tus kheej yog permeated nrog seev cev. yas. Lus Askiv virginalists (lig xyoo pua 16th), nws nyiam hu nkauj thematics thiab nws cov variations. kev loj hlob, nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm O. ntau gravitated rau cov txheej txheem diminution. Ob peb yog melismatic. cov cim siv los ntawm cov nkauj xwb tsis tuaj yeem raug txiav txim kom raug. Nyob rau hauv Austrian clavier art-ve, uas tau pib loj hlob los ntawm nruab nrab. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, mus txog JS Bach, suav nrog, gravitations ntawm Italian. diminutional thiab Fabkis. melismatic style. Nyob rau Fabkis cov kws ntaus nkauj ntawm 17th thiab 18th centuries. nws tau dhau los ua kev cai los nrog kev sau ntawm kev ua si nrog cov ntxhuav ntawm cov khoom dai. Lub rooj voluminous tshaj plaws (nrog 29 ntau yam ntawm melismas) tau ua ntej rau kev sau harpsichord los ntawm JA d'Anglebert (1689); Txawm hais tias cov rooj ntawm hom no tau pom tias tsis tsim nyog. discrepancies, lawv tau dhau los ua ib hom vernacular. hniav nyiaj hniav kub catalog. Tshwj xeeb, hauv lub rooj ua ntej los ntawm Bach rau "Clavier Phau Ntawv rau Wilhelm Friedemann Bach" (1720), ntau yog qiv los ntawm d'Anglebert.

Kev tawm ntawm O. dawb mus rau kev tswj hwm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ntawm Fabkis. tus harpsichordist tau enshrined nyob rau hauv lub orc. music by JB Lully. Txawm li cas los xij, Fabkis txoj kev cai ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tsis nruj kiag li, txij li txawm tias cov lus qhia ntxaws tshaj plaws qhia lawv cov kev txhais lus tseeb nkaus xwb rau cov ntawv thov raug. Me me deviations raug tso cai, sib xws rau cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm muses. ntaub. Lawv nyob ntawm qhov kev nplua thiab saj ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam, thiab hauv cov ntawv sau nrog cov ntawv sau tseg - ntawm qhov stylistic. kev paub, cov ntsiab cai thiab saj ntawm cov neeg kho. Cov kev sib txawv zoo sib xws yog inevitable nyob rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov yeeb yam ntawm Fabkis luminary. harpsichordism ntawm P. Couperin, uas tsis tu ncua thov kom muaj tseeb kev siv ntawm nws cov cai rau deciphering hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Franz. Nws kuj yog ib txwm muaj rau harpsichordists coj diminutive ornamentation raws li tus kws sau ntawv tswj, uas lawv tau sau tawm, tshwj xeeb, hauv kev hloov pauv. duplicates.

Rau con. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, thaum Fabkis harpsichordists tau ua trendsetters nyob rau hauv lawv daim teb, xws li ornaments li trill thiab grace note, nrog rau suab paj nruag. muaj nuj nqi, lawv pib ua ib tug tshiab harmonic. muaj nuj nqi, tsim thiab sharpening dissonance ntawm downbeat ntawm lub bar. JS Bach, zoo li D. Scarlatti, feem ntau sau tawm tsis sib haum xeeb kho kom zoo nkauj hauv lub ntsiab. suab paj nruag ntawv (saib, piv txwv li, Tshooj II ntawm Italian Concerto). Qhov no tso cai rau IA Sheiba ntseeg tias los ntawm kev ua li ntawd, Bach deprives nws tej hauj lwm. "kev zoo nkauj ntawm kev sib haum xeeb", vim hais tias cov neeg sau ntawv nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd nyiam sau tag nrho cov khoom dai nrog cov cim lossis cov ntawv me me, yog li hauv cov duab. cov ntaub ntawv kom meej meej hais harmonich. euphony ntawm lub ntsiab chords.

F. Couperin muaj lus Fab Kis zoo. lub harpsichord style mus txog nws lub ncov. Hauv kev ua yeeb yam paub tab ntawm JF Rameau, lub siab xav tau nthuav tawm mus dhau qhov txwv ntawm chamber xav txog, txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau txoj kev loj hlob zoo, siv rau suab paj nruag. sau dav cov kab mob zoo nkauj, tshwj xeeb, hauv daim ntawv ntawm keeb kwm kev sib haum xeeb. cov duab. Li no txoj kev nyiam mus rau kev siv me me ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj hauv Rameau, nrog rau Fabkis tom qab. harpsichordists, piv txwv li. ntawm J. Dufly. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv lub quarter thib 3. Xyoo pua 18th O. tau mus txog lub hnub qub tshiab hauv kev tsim khoom. Koom nrog cov kev xav ntawm kev xav. Tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab no. kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag yog tsim los ntawm FE Bach, tus sau ntawm treatise "Kev paub ntawm txoj kev raug mus ua si lub clavier", nyob rau hauv uas nws tau xyuam xim rau cov lus nug ntawm O.

Cov tom ntej siab flowering ntawm Viennese classicism, nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog lub tshiab aesthetic. cov tswv yim, tau coj mus rau kev siv zog ntau dua thiab nruab nrab ntawm O. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm J. Haydn, WA Mozart thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas L. Beethoven. Dawb O. tseem nyob hauv Europe. suab paj nruag premier. nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm variation, virtuoso conc. cadenzas thiab wok. xim xim. Cov yav tas yog reflected nyob rau hauv lub romantic. fp. music 1st pem teb. 19th caug xyoo (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thawj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm F. Chopin). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub dissonant suab ntawm melissa muab txoj kev rau consonant; tshwj xeeb, lub trill pib pib preim. tsis nrog pab, tab sis nrog lub ntsiab. suab, feem ntau nrog kev tsim ntawm qhov tawm-ntawm-tua. Xws li ib tug harmonic thiab rhythmic. softening O. sib piv nrog qhov nce dissonance ntawm chords lawv tus kheej. Txoj kev loj hlob tsis tau pom dua ntawm harmonica los ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg sau nkauj romantic. daim duab keeb kwm yav dhau hauv fp. suab paj nruag nrog ib tug dav coloristic. kev siv pedalization, nrog rau timbre-xim figurations. invoices hauv orc. cov qhab nias. Hauv pem teb 2. Xyoo 19th O. tus nqi txo. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th lub luag hauj lwm ntawm dawb O. nce ntxiv nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau ntxiv dag zog rau improvisations. pib hauv qee thaj chaw ntawm suab paj nruag. creativity, piv txwv li. hauv jazz music. Muaj ib tug loj heev methodological-theoretical. Cov ntawv nyeem txog cov teeb meem ntawm O. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev sim siab kom paub meej txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm O., "tiv thaiv" qhov no hauv lawv cov improvisation. xwm. Ntau yam ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm cov haujlwm tam sim no raws li cov cai nruj rau kev txiav txim siab, qhov tseeb, hloov tawm tsuas yog cov lus pom zoo ib nrab.

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