Suab paj nruag |

Kev tshawb fawb uas kawm suab paj nruag raws li daim duab kos duab tshwj xeeb. kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv nws tshwj xeeb socio-keeb kwm. conditionality, cwj pwm rau lwm hom kev kos duab. kev ua ub no thiab sab ntsuj plig kab lis kev cai ntawm tib neeg tag nrho, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws qhov tshwj xeeb. nta thiab sab hauv tsis tu ncua, to-rymi txiav txim siab peculiar xwm ntawm kev xav ntawm kev muaj tiag hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm scientific M. txoj kev paub occupies ib qho chaw ntawm tib neeg, los yog social sciences, npog txhua yam ntawm lub neej. ua thiab nco qab. M. muab faib ua ob peb. tus kheej, txawm tias muaj kev sib txuas, kev qhuab qhia, raws li ntau hom suab paj nruag thiab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb uas lawv ua, lossis cov kev xaiv ntawm kev xav txog cov muses. tshwm sim.

Muaj ntau hom kev faib tawm ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab kev qhuab qhia. Nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws bourgeois M. Cov kev faib muab tso rau pem hauv ntej los ntawm lub Austrian yog muaj ntau. los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb G. Adler hauv 1884, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim los ntawm nws hauv nws txoj haujlwm "The Method of the History of Music" ("Methode der Musikgeschichte", 1919). Nws yog nyob ntawm subdivision ntawm tag nrho cov musicologists. kev qhuab qhia rau hauv ob ceg: keeb kwm thiab txheej txheem M. Adler hais txog thawj ntawm lawv cov keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag los ntawm eras, lub teb chaws, tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tseem muses. paleography, systematization ntawm suab paj nruag. cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv keeb kwm txoj kev npaj, instrumentation; mus rau qhov thib ob - kev kawm thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm "kev cai siab dua" ntawm muses. art-va, manifested nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev sib raug zoo, suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag, aesthetics thiab psychology ntawm suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag. pedagogy thiab folklore. Lub ntsiab drawback ntawm qhov kev faib tawm no yog lub tshuab. kev sib cais ntawm keeb kwm thiab theoretical-systematizing mus kom ze rau txoj kev kawm ntawm suab paj nruag. tshwm sim. Yog hais tias keeb kwm M., raws li Adler, los mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub ntiaj teb no ntawm tib neeg (cov keeb kwm dav dav, keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab qee hom kev kos duab, kev hais lus, thiab lwm yam), ces cov lus piav qhia ntawm "kev cai siab dua" ntawm suab paj nruag. kawm systematically. M., yuav tsum tau nrhiav, hauv nws lub tswv yim, hauv kev ua lej, logic, physiology. Li no lub dualistic qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm ib txwm conditioned, mus tas li thiab tsis hloov nyob rau hauv nws essence foundations ntawm suab paj nruag raws li ib tug kos duab thiab nws successively hloov cov ntaub ntawv uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub keeb kwm. kev loj hlob.

Qhov kev faib tawm tau muab tso rau hauv Adler nrog qee qhov kev ntxiv thiab kev kho yog rov ua dua nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm zarubs tom qab. ua hauj lwm mob siab rau cov txheej txheem ntawm suab paj nruag. kev kawm. German suab paj nruag historian HH Dreger, khaws cia lub ntsiab. faib mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag thiab systematic. M., distinguishes li ywj siab. ceg ntawm "musical ethnology" ("Musikalische Völks - und Völkerkunde"), uas yog, suab paj nruag. folkloristics thiab kawm txog suab paj nruag sab nraum Europe. haiv neeg, nrog rau muses. sociology thiab "applied music", uas muaj xws li pedagogy, kev thuam, thiab "suab paj nruag technology" (kev tsim cov suab paj nruag). German musicologist V. Viora faib M. ua peb lub ntsiab. ntu: systematic. M. ("kev kawm hauv paus"), keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag. ethnology thiab folklore. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws hais txog qee qhov tshwj xeeb. kev lag luam yuav tsum tau siv ob qho tib si keeb kwm thiab systematic. txoj kev kawm, np. Kev tshawb fawb, suab tshuab, suab paj nruag, recitative, polyphony, thiab lwm yam. Ntau qhov hloov tau yooj yim thiab dav dua nyob rau hauv ntau dua li yav dhau los, Viora qhov kev faib tawm yog tib lub sijhawm eclectic thiab tsis sib haum. Division of musicologists. kev qhuab qhia yog nyob rau hauv nws nyob rau hauv dec. cov ntsiab cai; nyob rau hauv ib rooj plaub nws yog ib txoj kev tshuaj ntsuam phenomena (keeb kwm los yog systematic), nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg nws yog lub ntsiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb (folk creativity, non-European suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai). Ntawm cov "kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam" (Forschungszweige) teev los ntawm Viora, muaj qee qhov kev ywj pheej. scientific disciplines (instrumental science), thiab teeb meem ntawm ntau los yog tsawg dua qhov tseem ceeb (xws li, ethos hauv suab paj nruag). Rau Viora, zoo li rau ntau lwm tus. zarub. cov kws tshawb fawb, ib tug nyiam tawm tsam cov hauj lwm ntawm lub hom phiaj scientific yog yam ntxwv. kawm txog suab paj nruag, kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm nws cov txuj ci. zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis suav nrog kev kawm ntawm M. los ntawm nws tus kheej. ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej originality, tawm rau aesthetics. Hauv qhov no, nws qhia txog txoj haujlwm ntawm Adler, uas txo cov haujlwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag rau kev nthuav tawm cov txheej txheem evolutionary, ntseeg tias "kev txheeb xyuas cov duab zoo nkauj hauv kev kos duab ntawm cov suab paj nruag" yog dhau nws qhov kev txwv. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, kev tshawb fawb suab paj nruag tau txais tus cwj pwm objectivist, txiav tawm ntawm kev ua neej nyob. kev xyaum, los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm ideological thiab aesthetic. thiab muaj tswv yim. cov lus qhia, thiab cov khoom tshwj xeeb. ua rau nws tsuas yog "qhov chaw" (F. Spitta), cov khoom siv rau kev ua kom pom tseeb ntau qhov kev xav. thiab keeb kwm kev tsim kho.

Marxist-Leninist kev tshawb fawb. Cov txheej txheem muab lub hauv paus rau kev tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke, ua tiav, thiab tib lub sijhawm hloov pauv hloov pauv ntawm cov kws kho suab paj nruag. kev qhuab qhia, tso cai rau npog tag nrho cov ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv ib qho, holistic kev sib txuas thiab txiav txim siab qhov tshwj xeeb. ua hauj lwm rau txhua tus. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev faib tawm no yog qhov piv ntawm keeb kwm. thiab logical. txoj kev tshawb fawb raws li cov ntaub ntawv dav dav ntawm scientific. kev paub. Kev qhia ntawm Marxism-Leninism tsis tawm tsam cov txheej txheem no rau ib leeg. Logic txoj kev yog, raws li F. Engels, "tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis ib qho kev xav ntawm cov txheej txheem keeb kwm nyob rau hauv ib qho kev paub daws teeb meem thiab theoretically zoo ib yam; kev xav tau raug kho, tab sis raug kho raws li cov kev cai lij choj uas tus txheej txheem tiag tiag nws tus kheej muab, thiab txhua lub sijhawm tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ntawm qhov ntawd hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob uas cov txheej txheem ncav cuag kev loj hlob, nws daim ntawv classic ”(K. Marx thiab F. Engels, Soch 2nd ed., vol. 13, p. 497). Tsis zoo li logic. ib txoj kev uas tso cai rau koj tsom mus rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txheej txheem, cuam tshuam los ntawm txhua yam random thiab theem nrab, keeb kwm. cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau xav txog ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab, txhais cov yam ntxwv, tab sis nrog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus thiab deviations, nyob rau hauv uas tus kheej cim daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas nws manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug muab lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm thiab nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob. Yog li, logical. txoj kev no yog “ib txoj hauv kev keeb kwm, tsuas yog tso tawm ntawm nws daim ntawv keeb kwm thiab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov xwm txheej” (K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 13, p. 497).

Raws li ob txoj kev no, scientific. tshawb nrhiav hauv owls. science ntawm suab paj nruag tau tsim ib tug faib mus rau hauv keeb kwm. thiab theoretical M. Txhua ntu no suav nrog cov txheej txheem kev qhuab qhia ntau tus kheej, tshwj xeeb. tus cwj pwm. Yog li, nrog rau cov keeb kwm dav dav ntawm cov suab paj nruag, uas yuav tsum npog cov suab paj nruag ntawm txhua lub teb chaws thiab cov neeg hauv ntiaj teb, keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg lub teb chaws. kab lis kev cai los yog lawv pab pawg, koom ua ke ntawm thaj chaw, haiv neeg lossis kab lis kev cai-keeb kwm. cov zej zog (piv txwv li, keeb kwm ntawm Western-European suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag ntawm cov neeg Asia, Latin-Amer. haiv neeg, thiab lwm yam). Muaj peev xwm faib raws li keeb kwm. lub sij hawm (suab paj nruag ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thaum ub, Nrab Hnub nyoog, thiab lwm yam), los ntawm hom thiab hom (keeb kwm ntawm opera, oratorio, symphony, chamber music, thiab lwm yam). Los ntawm dab tsi lub voj voog ntawm phenomena los yog dab tsi istorich. lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm raug xaiv raws li qhov kev kawm, rau ib tug tej yam lub kaum sab xis ntawm view ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib tug los yog lwm yam nam ntawm cov txheej txheem, kuj nyob ntawm seb. Pab. kev qhuab qhia ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag yog muses. qhov chaw kawm, tsim txoj kev tseem ceeb. tsom xam thiab siv decomp. hom ntawm qhov chaw; suab paj nruag paleography - kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sau suab paj nruag; suab paj nruag textology - tseem ceeb. tsom xam thiab kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm cov ntawv suab paj nruag. ua hauj lwm, txoj kev ntawm lawv cov restoration.

Theoretical M. tawg mus rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev qhuab qhia, ntsig txog, DOS. cov ntsiab lus ntawm suab paj nruag: kev sib raug zoo, polyphony, atherosclerosis, metrics, suab paj nruag, instrumentation. Kev tsim kho tshaj plaws, tsim kom muaj kev ywj pheej. scientific disciplines yog thawj ob thiab ib nrab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov teev. Rhythm thiab metrics tau tsim tsawg dua. Systematic cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm melody, raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb seem ntawm theoretical. M., pib ua zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv lub 20s. 20th caug xyoo (Swiss kws tshawb fawb E. Kurt nyob rau sab hnub poob, BV Asafiev nyob rau hauv lub USSR). Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov kev qhuab qhia tshwj xeeb no yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev theoretical. kev qhuab qhia uas kawm txog cov qauv suab paj nruag. ua haujlwm tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws thiab Lavxias teb sab prerevolutionary M. muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb kev qhuab qhia hu ua cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm suab paj nruag. daim ntawv. Nws yog txwv rau typology ntawm compositional schemes, uas tsuas yog ib feem ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov qauv ntawm muses. ua haujlwm tsim los ntawm owls. theorists: "... cov ntaub ntawv sau lawv tus kheej yuav tsum tau kawm tsis yog qhov kev paub daws teeb meem tsis yog keeb kwm, tab sis raws li "cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig", uas yog, kawm txog kev sib txuas nrog lawv cov peev xwm nthuav tawm, nrog rau cov kev xav tau thiab cov haujlwm ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag uas ua rau crystallization thiab ntxiv keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lawv sib txawv kev txhais lus nyob rau hauv ntau hom, los ntawm ntau yam composers, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, ib txoj kev los soj ntsuam cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag opens - nws yuav ua tau mus rau lub ntsiab lus. ntawm kev ua hauj lwm los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv nws tus kheej ”( Mazel L. , Structure of music works, 1960, pp. 4).

Theoretical M. nyiam qhov predominance. txoj kev tshawb fawb logical. Kawm qee yam, keeb kwm tsim cov tshuab (piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm classical), nws suav tias lawv yog ib qho kev ruaj khov tag nrho, txhua qhov chaw uas muaj kev sib txuas tsis tu ncua. Dep. cov ntsiab lus tsis raug txheeb xyuas keeb kwm. qhov sib lawv liag ntawm lawv tshwm sim, tab sis nyob rau hauv raws li lawv qhov chaw thiab functional tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ib tug muab system. Keeb Kwm Tib lub sijhawm, txoj hauv kev yog tam sim no, zoo li nws tau, hauv daim ntawv "tshem tawm". Tus kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txhua qhov system ntawm muses. xav yog ib theem istorich. kev loj hlob thiab nws cov kev cai lij choj tsis tuaj yeem muaj qhov tseem ceeb thiab hloov tsis tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev ua neej nyob tsis zoo li qub, tab sis tsis tu ncua hloov zuj zus thiab rov kho nws tus kheej, nws cov qauv sab hauv thiab qhov sib piv decomp. cov ntsiab lus tau txais qee qhov kev hloov pauv hauv txoj kev loj hlob. Yog li, cov kev cai ntawm classic. Cov kev sib haum xeeb tau los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas ntawm Beethoven lub suab paj nruag raws li lawv qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab ua tiav cov lus qhia yuav tsum muaj qee qhov kev hloov kho thiab ntxiv lawm thaum siv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg sau nkauj romantic, txawm hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm cov kab ke tseem zoo ib yam nrog lawv. Forgetfulness ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm historicism ua rau dogmatic absolutization ntawm ib co uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub keeb kwm. kev txhim kho ntawm cov qauv thiab cov qauv tsim. Xws li dogmatism yog muaj nyob rau hauv nws. Tus kws tshawb fawb H. Riemann, uas txo qis txoj hauj lwm ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm kos duab kom qhia meej "txoj cai lij choj uas paub txog lossis tsis nco qab tswj kev muaj tswv yim zoo nkauj." Riemann tsis lees paub kev txhim kho hauv kev kos duab raws li tus txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov kho kom zoo thiab yug los ntawm ib qho tshiab. Nws hais tias, "Lub hom phiaj tseeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm," nws hais tias, "yog los txhawb kev paub txog cov kev cai lij choj thawj zaug rau txhua lub sijhawm, uas txhua yam kev paub thiab kev kos duab tau raug" (los ntawm cov lus ua ntej mus rau cov lus qhuab qhia "Musikgeschichte hauv Beispielen" , Ib., 1912).

Division of musicologists. kev qhuab ntuas hauv keeb kwm. thiab theoretical, pib los ntawm predominance ntawm keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lawv. los yog logical. txoj kev, rau ib qho twg conditionally. Cov txheej txheem no tsis tshua siv rau hauv daim ntawv "dawb huv". Kev paub txog txhua yam khoom yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas ntawm ob txoj hauv kev - ob qho tib si keeb kwm thiab cov laj thawj - thiab tsuas yog nyob rau qee theem ntawm kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem ua ib qho los yog lwm yam ntawm lawv predominate. Musicologist-theorist, uas teev raws li nws txoj hauj lwm los kawm txog kev tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm classical suab paj nruag. Kev sib haum xeeb lossis polyphonic cov ntaub ntawv. cov ntawv nyob rau hauv raws li cov txheej txheem no ua tau zoo li cas, qhov tseeb, mus dhau qhov kev xav theoretical nkaus xwb. kev tshawb fawb thiab yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub teb ntawm keeb kwm. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tus kws sau paj nruag keeb kwm uas nrhiav kev txiav txim siab dav dav, feem ntau cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua tus qauv raug yuam kom mus rau cov tswv yim thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv cov suab paj nruag theoretical. M. Kev nthuav dav siab dua hauv M., xws li hauv txhua txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua neej nyob, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab cov zej zog. kev muaj tiag, tsuas tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov laj thawj. thiab cov txheej txheem keeb kwm. Muaj ntau ntau yam haujlwm uas tsis tuaj yeem muab cais tag nrho xws li theoretical lossis keeb kwm. M., vim hais tias lawv inextricably muab ob qho tib si ntawm kev kawm. Xws li tsis yog tsuas yog cov teeb meem loj ua haujlwm ntawm hom dav dav, tab sis kuj tseem muaj qee qhov kev txheeb xyuas. ua hauj lwm mob siab rau kev tsom xam thiab kev kawm ntawm lub department. ua haujlwm. Yog hais tias tus sau tsis txwv rau kev tsim cov qauv qauv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov muses. lus nyob rau hauv cov kev soj ntsuam ua hauj lwm., tab sis attracts cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub sij hawm thiab tej yam kev mob ntawm nws tshwm sim, nrhiav kom paub qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov hauj lwm nrog lub era thiab txiav txim. ideological art. thiab stylistic cov lus qhia, yog li ntawd nws nce, tsawg kawg ib nrab, raws li keeb kwm. kev tshawb fawb.

Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb rau qee tus kws kho suab paj nruag. kev qhuab qhia raug txiav txim tsis yog methodological. cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Yog li, xaiv muses. folkloristics nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej txoj cai. scientific kev lag luam vim tshwj xeeb. cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev muaj tswv yim muaj tswv yim, txawv ntawm cov xwm txheej uas cov khoom tshwm sim, nyob thiab sib kis. sau prof. suab nkauj foob. Study of Nar. suab paj nruag xav tau kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb. cov tswv yim thiab kev txawj los tuav cov khoom (saib Suab paj nruag Ethnography). Txawm li cas los xij, methodologically, science ntawm Nar. creativity tsis tawm tsam keeb kwm. thiab theoretical M., nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog ob leeg. Nyob rau hauv lub owls folkloristics, tus qauv ntawm cov keeb kwm yog ua ntau thiab ntau ruaj khov. kev xav ntawm creativity nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub complex phenomena ntawm kos duab. kab lis kev cai ntawm ib tug neeg los yog lwm tus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov suab paj nruag folklore siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsom xam, tshawb nrhiav thiab faib qee yam. hom txaj suab paj nruag xav raws li ib tug ntau los yog tsawg ruaj khov complex tag nrho nyob rau hauv ib tug lawm conditioned logical. kev sib txuas thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus.

Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm kuj txiav txim siab txog kev faib ntawm ib ceg tshwj xeeb ntawm M. txoj kev xav thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag. foob.

Suab paj nruag yog ib qho ntawm cov hluas kev kawm txuj ci. Sociology (saib Sociology of Music ). Qhov profile ntawm qhov kev qhuab qhia no thiab cov peev txheej ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab tag nrho. Hauv 20s. tseem ceeb preim. nws tus yam ntxwv theoretical. AV Lunacharsky tau sau tias: “… Hais dav dav, txoj kev sociological hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev kos duab txhais tau hais tias xav txog kev kos duab ua ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub neej” (“Ntawm cov txheej txheem sociological hauv kev xav thiab keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag”, hauv phau ntawv sau: “Cov teeb meem of the sociology of music”, 1927). Nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, sociology ntawm suab paj nruag yog cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov cai ntawm keeb kwm. materialism nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm suab paj nruag raws li ib daim ntawv ntawm lub neej. nco qab. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev noj qab haus huv niaj hnub dhau los ua Ch. arr. cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm zej zog. lub hav zoov ntawm suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev. kev raug mob. Qhov kev taw qhia no yog hais ncaj qha rau kev xyaum muses. lub neej thiab pab nrhiav txoj hauv kev los daws nws cov teeb meem ntxhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus kev tshawb fawb muaj txiaj ntsig. hauv paus.

Ntxiv rau cov uas tau teev tseg saum toj no, cov ceg ntawm M., faib ib tug xov tooj ntawm "txheej txheem" ​​kev qhuab qhia, rau-rye tsuas yog ib feem ntawm M. los yog txuas mus rau nws. Nov yog suab paj nruag. acoustics (saib. Suab paj nruag acoustics) thiab suab paj nruag. psychology, kev kawm tsis yog suab paj nruag, tab sis nws lub cev. thiab psychophysical. prerequisites, txoj kev ntawm reproduction thiab xaav. Cov ntaub ntawv suab paj nruag. acoustics yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account nyob rau hauv ib co seem ntawm suab paj nruag txoj kev xav (piv txwv li, txoj kev xav ntawm suab paj nruag systems thiab systems), lawv yog lug siv nyob rau hauv lub suab kaw thiab tshaj tawm, thiab nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov suab paj nruag. cuab yeej, conc. Halls, thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm suab paj nruag. Psychology suav nrog kev kawm txog cov tshuab ntawm kev muaj tswv yim. cov txheej txheem, tus neeg ua yeeb yam zoo nyob hauv conc. theem, txheej txheem ntawm kev xaav ntawm suab paj nruag, kev faib tawm muses. peev xwm. Tab sis, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias tag nrho cov lus nug no ncaj qha ntsig txog muses. science, thiab suab paj nruag. pedagogy, thiab xyaum ua suab paj nruag. lub neej, suab paj nruag psychology yuav tsum raug xam tias yog ib feem ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, thiab muses. acoustics yog muab rau thaj tsam ntawm physics. Sciences, thiab tsis yog rau M.

Instrumentation belongs rau "borderline" kev qhuab qhia, nyob rau hauv lub hlws ris ntawm mechanical engineering thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb los yog technology. Cov seem ntawm nws, uas kawm txog keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm muses. cov twj paj nruag, lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv suab paj nruag. culture dec. lub sij hawm thiab cov neeg, muaj nyob rau hauv lub complex ntawm suab paj nruag thiab keeb kwm. kev qhuab qhia. Dr. cov ceg ntawm instrumental science uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov cuab yeej thiab lawv cov kev faib tawm raws li txoj kev tsim cov suab nrov thiab lub suab nrov (organology), belongs rau cov suab paj nruag. technology, thiab tsis yog M.

Sab nraum qhov kev faib tawm tseem ceeb yog qee qhov kev qhuab qhia ntawm kev siv qhov tseem ceeb, piv txwv li. txoj kev qhia qhov kev ua si rau txawv. instruments, hu nkauj, suab paj nruag theory (saib Music Education), music bibliography (saib Music Bibliography), thiab notography.

Feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm suab paj nruag yog suab paj nruag. aesthetics (saib. Suab paj nruag aesthetics), raws li kev tshawb pom ntawm txhua ceg ntawm theoretical. thiab keeb kwm M. Raws li lub ntsiab. cov kev cai ntawm aesthetics raws li kev qhuab qhia philosophical, nws tshawb txog qhov tshwj xeeb. txoj kev thiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev xav txog kev muaj tiag hauv suab paj nruag, nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov system ntawm decomp. art-in, tus qauv ntawm suab paj nruag. cov duab thiab cov txhais tau tias ntawm nws creation, qhov piv ntawm kev xav thiab rational, nthuav thiab pictorial, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug dav kev nkag siab ntawm suab paj nruag. Aesthetics tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Marxist-Leninist lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv lub USSR thiab lwm yam socialist. lub teb chaws. Burzh. Cov kws tshawb fawb uas xav txog kev zoo nkauj tsuas yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev zoo nkauj txwv nws lub luag haujlwm rau kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm.

M. lub hauv paus pib hnub rov qab mus rau qub txeeg qub teg. Lwm cov Greek theorists tau tsim lub diatonic system. frets (saib. Ancient Greek hom), lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm atherosclerosis, thawj lub sij hawm ib tug txhais thiab kev faib ntawm lub ntsiab. ib ntus. Nyob rau hauv lub 6th c. BC e. Pythagoras, raws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ua lej ntawm cov suab, tsim kom muaj lub suab ntshiab. tsim. Aristoxenus nyob rau hauv lub 4th c. BC e. raug qee yam ntawm nws txoj kev qhia rau kev thuam thiab kev kho dua tshiab, tso rau pem hauv ntej raws li kev ntsuas rau kev ntsuas decomp. intervals tsis yog lawv tus nqi kiag li, tab sis auditory xaav. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb. canons thiab harmonicas. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Dr. Tim Nkij teb chaws tau ua cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm ethos, txuas cov decomp. melodic frets thiab rhythmic. kev kawm nrog ib tug txhais hom kev xav, cwj pwm thiab kev coj ncaj ncees zoo. Plato thiab Aristotle raws li lawv cov lus pom zoo ntawm kev siv qee hom suab paj nruag hauv zej zog raws li kev qhia no. lub neej thiab kev kawm ntawm cov hluas.

Ib qho ntawm feem ntau nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. lub ntiaj teb ntawm suab paj nruag. kev pom tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kab lis kev cai qub ntawm Mesopotamia (Assyria thiab Babylon), piv txwv li Egypt thiab Tuam Tshoj. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Pythagoras thiab nws cov thwjtim nkag siab txog suab paj nruag raws li kev xav ntawm cosmic. kev txiav txim prevailing nyob rau hauv xwm thiab nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub neej. xa 7c. BC e. hauv whale. lub treatise "Guan-tzu" tau muab ib tug lej txhais ntawm lub tones ntawm 5-kauj ruam teev. Nyob rau hauv lub 6th-5th centuries. BC e. 7-ceev suab system tau theoretically substantiated. Confucius cov lus qhia txog kev kawm. lub ntsiab lus ntawm suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv ib co txoj kev los mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov views ntawm Plato. Nyob rau hauv ancient Ind. treatises yog tsim ncaj qha. kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub xeev ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm ib tug neeg (rasa) thiab tej yam melodic qauv, los yog hom, ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws kev faib ntawm lub tom kawg yog muab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lawv lub ntsiab lus qhia.

Suab paj nruag-theoretical. cov keeb kwm ntawm antiquity tau muaj kev txiav txim siab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog. xav txog suab paj nruag nyob teb chaws Europe. lub teb chaws, nrog rau hauv Middle thiab Wed. Sab hnub tuaj. Hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm Arab theorists con. 1st - thaum ntxov xyoo pua 2nd tau xav txog cov tswv yim ntawm lwm cov Greek. kev qhia txog ethos, kev xav ntawm Aristoxenus thiab Pythagoreans hauv kev kawm suab paj nruag thiab lub sijhawm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, muaj ntau yam views ntawm antique. philosophers tau to taub yuam kev thiab perverted nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm Islam los yog Tswv Yexus. kev xav. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Teb chaws Europe, txoj kev xav ntawm suab paj nruag dhau los ua kev paub daws teeb meem scholasticism. kev qhuab qhia sib nrauj los ntawm kev xyaum. Txoj cai loj tshaj plaws ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog hauv kev ua suab paj nruag. Kev Tshawb Fawb Boethius (5-6 centuries) tau lees paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev xav tshaj li kev coj ua hauv suab paj nruag, sib piv kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv nrog "lub siab zoo tshaj ntawm lub cev." Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog. theories ntawm suab paj nruag yog purely rationalistic. speculation raws li kev ua lej. thiab cosmological. kev sib piv. Nrog rau kev suav lej, geometry thiab astronomy, suab paj nruag tau suav nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, "siab tshaj" sciences. Raws li Hukbald, "kev sib haum xeeb yog tus ntxhais ntawm kev lej", thiab Marchetto ntawm Padua belongs rau aphorism "txoj cai ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog txoj cai ntawm suab paj nruag." Qee Cov Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab. theorists (Cassiodorus, 5th caug xyoo; Isidore ntawm Seville, 7th caug xyoo) ncaj qha tso siab rau Pythagorean cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov lej raws li lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Nyob rau hauv cov seem tseem muaj sia nyob ntawm qhov theoretical Alcuin's treatise (8th caug xyoo) yog thawj zaug teeb tsa lub cev ntawm 8 diatonic. frets (4 qhabnias thiab 4 plagal), raws li kev hloov kho me ntsis lwm yam Greek. modal system (saib Medieval hom). Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob ntawm pawg ntseeg-cov neeg hu nkauj. Art-va nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog lig tau hloov kho ntawm kev sau suab paj nruag, nqa tawm los ntawm Guido d'Arezzo nyob rau hauv 1st ib nrab. 11 c ua. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev hu nkauj nws tsim raws li hexachords nrog cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov kauj ruam tau txais txiaj ntsig raws li lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm solmization (saib Solmization), uas yog khaws cia hauv kev qhia. xyaum txawm niaj hnub no. Guido yog thawj zaug ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog. theorists coj txoj kev xav ntawm suab paj nruag los ze zog rau qhov xav tau tiag tiag ntawm muses. kev coj ua. Raws li cov lus hais ntawm Franco ntawm Cologne (13th caug xyoo), "kev xav tau tsim los ntawm Boethius, kev coj ua yog rau Guido."

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm polyphony yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kawm txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm, qhov tseeb txhais ntawm kev sib dhos. ntev thiab tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lawv cov kev sib raug zoo. Irl. philosopher thiab art theorist John Scotus Eriugena (9th caug xyoo) thawj zaug hais txog cov lus nug ntawm tib lub sijhawm. ua ke ntawm ob txoj kab melodic. Johannes Garlandia thiab Franco ntawm Cologne nthuav tawm cov cai ntawm lub cev, txhim kho cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm mensur (saib Mensural notation). Ib qho ntawm cov kev hloov tshiab tseem ceeb yog qhov kev lees paub ntawm qhov thib peb raws li qhov tsis zoo tag nrho hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Franco ntawm Cologne, Marchetto ntawm Padua, Walter Odington.

Pom tau ok. 1320 nyob rau Fabkis, cov treatise "Ars nova" (xws li Philippe de Vitry) muab nws lub npe rau ib tug tshiab kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag txuam nrog thaum ntxov Renaissance zog. Hauv txoj haujlwm no, qhov thib peb thiab thib rau tau raug tso cai raws li lub sijhawm sib txuas lus, qhov raug cai ntawm kev siv chromaticisms (musica falsa) tau lees paub, thiab cov ntawv tshiab, dawb ntawm polyphony raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm lub suab tau raug tiv thaiv tsis zoo rau lub cev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws theorist ntawm Ltalis. ars nova Marchetto ntawm Padua suav hais tias lub pob ntseg "tus kws txiav txim plaub zoo tshaj plaws hauv suab paj nruag", hais txog cov lus pom zoo ntawm txhua qhov zoo nkauj. canons. Johannes de Groheo (lig 13th - thaum ntxov 14th centuries) thuam cov lus qhia ntawm Boethius thiab lees paub cov suab paj nruag ntawm kev sib npaug nrog pawg ntseeg. foob. Cov txheej txheem ntau ntawm polyphonic. Tsab ntawv yog muab rau hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm I. Tinktoris, uas tso siab rau Ch. arr. ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm composers ntawm lub Netherlands. tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov theorists, lawv txuas ntxiv mus ua si lub ntsiab lus. lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog. scholastics, to-rye ntau decisively outlived nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance.

Theoretical kev xav ntawm Renaissance los ze rau kev nkag siab lub hauv paus ntawm tonal harmony. Fruitful tshiab tswv yim thiab kev soj ntsuam muaj nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Leonardo da Vinci, Italian. composer thiab theorist F. Gaffori. Swiss. theorist Glarean nyob rau hauv lub treatise "Dodecachordon" (1547) thuam. tsom xam thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab. cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm hom, hais txog qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm Ionian (loj) thiab Aeolian (me) hom. Ib kauj ruam ntxiv tau coj los ntawm J. Zarlino, cuam tshuam nrog lub kaus mom. polyphonic 16th caug xyoo lub tsev kawm ntawv Nws tau txhais ob hom triads nyob ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm qhov loj thib peb hauv lawv, yog li tsim cov prerequisites rau tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov loj thiab me me tsis yog nyob rau hauv melodic, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv harmonic. dav hlau. Cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Tsarlino – “Fundamentals of Harmony” (“Le istitutioni harmoniche”, 1558) thiab “Harmonic Proofs” (“Dimostrationi harmoniche”, 1571) kuj muaj cov tswv yim. cov lus qhia txog cov txheej txheem polyphonic. ntawv, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab suab paj nruag. Nws tus nrog sib ntaus yog V. Galilei, tus sau ntawm lub polemic. treatise “Kev sib tham ntawm cov suab paj nruag qub thiab tshiab” (“Dialogo … della musica antica e della moderna”, 1581). Txaus siab rau cov suab paj nruag qub qub, Galileo tsis lees paub polyphony ua ib qho khoom plig ntawm "mid-century. barbarism” thiab tiv thaiv lub wok style. monodies nrog accompaniment. Kev tshawb fawb tus nqi ntawm nws tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv posing lo lus nug ntawm lub embodiment ntawm intonations ntawm tib neeg hais lus nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag. Galilee's treatise tau txais txiaj ntsig raws li kev xav ntawm qhov tshiab "zoo siab style" (stile concitato), uas tau hais tawm hauv Italian thaum ntxov. Opera nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th Los ntawm kev zoo nkauj nyob ze rau nws. txoj hauj lwm J. Doni tau sau nws "Treatise ntawm hom thiab hom suab paj nruag" ("Trattato de' Generi e de' Modi della Musica", 1635).

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th Ib tug xov tooj ntawm encyclopedic tej hauj lwm raug tsim. hom, npog qhov ntau ntawm cov suab paj nruag-theoretical., acoustic. thiab aesthetic teeb meem. Cov no suav nrog “Universal Harmony” (“Harmonie universelle”, v. 1-2, 1636-37) los ntawm M. Mersenne thiab “Universal Musical Creativity” (“Musurgia universalis”, t. 1-2, 1650) los ntawm A. Kircher . Lub hwj chim ntawm rationalist philosophy ntawm R. Descartes, to-ry nws tus kheej yog tus sau theoretical. etude “Lub Foundations of Music” (“Compendium musicae”, 1618; mob siab rau kev ua lej ntawm cov qauv thiab lub sijhawm), tau ua ke nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm Khetos uas tseem tsis tau muaj sia nyob. cosmogony. Cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm cov haujlwm no piav qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag ua rau decomp. kev xav los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev cuam tshuam (saib. cuam tshuam txoj kev xav). “Syntagma musicum” (“Syntagma musicum”, t. 1-3, 1615-19) M. Pretorius yog qhov txaus siab ua ib qho ntawm thawj qhov kev sim muab keeb kwm. lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm osn. cov suab paj nruag. Kev paub zoo ib yam., systematic. kev nthuav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag los ntawm biblical lub sij hawm mus rau thaum ntxov. 17th caug xyoo yog "Historical Description of the Noble Art of Singing and Music" ("Historische Beschreibung der edelen Sing- und Kling-Kunst", 1690) los ntawm VK Prince.

Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim M. raws li kev ywj pheej. science yog hnub nyoog ntawm Enlightenment. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th M. yog kiag li freed los ntawm kev twb kev txuas nrog kev ntseeg, abstract moralization thiab idealistic. philosophical speculation, ua nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb scientific. kev tshawb fawb. Cov tswv yim yuav ua kom pom tseeb. philosophical thiab aesthetics tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb. suab paj nruag xav thiab tawm tswv yim txoj kev los daws cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm suab paj nruag. kev tshawb xav thiab kev xyaum. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev hwm no, cov hauj lwm ntawm Fabkis encyclopedists JJ Rousseau, D. Diderot, M. d'Alembert, uas suav hais tias suab paj nruag raws li ib tug imitation ntawm xwm, xav txog lub simplicity thiab naturalness ntawm tib neeg qhia raws li nws lub ntsiab zoo. lub siab. Rousseau yog tus sau cov ntawv sau suab paj nruag hauv Encyclopedia, uas tom qab ntawd nws tau ua ke hauv nws tus kheej phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Suab paj nruag (Dictionnaire de musique, 1768). Txoj kev xav ntawm kev coj ua los ntawm ntau qhov kev pom tau nthuav tawm hauv cov haujlwm ntawm Morelle “On Expression in Music” (“De l'expression en musique”, 1759), M. Chabanon “Kev soj ntsuam ntawm Suab paj nruag thiab Metaphysics of Arts” (“ Observations sur la musique et principalement sur la métaphisique de l'art", 1779), B. Lasepeda “The Poetics of Music” (“La poétique de la musique”, v. 1-2, 1785). Trends zoo ib yam li cov kev xav ntawm Fabkis. encyclopedists, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv muses. aesthetics ntawm England thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees. Cov suab paj nruag German loj tshaj plaws uas yog tus kws tshawb fawb thiab kws sau ntawv I. Mattheson tuaj txog Rousseau hauv kev lees paub suab paj nruag yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm suab paj nruag; nws tau muab lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab txog kev txiav txim siab txog suab paj nruag rau xwm, saj thiab kev xav. Tus kws sau ntawv Askiv D. Brown, pib los ntawm Rousseau lub tswv yim ntawm ib qho yooj yim, "natural" tus neeg, ncaj qha ze rau xwm, pom tus yuam sij rau lub neej yav tom ntej kev vam meej ntawm suab paj nruag hauv kev kho dua tshiab ntawm nws thawj. kaw kev sib txuas nrog paj huam. lus.

Hauv kev ua suab paj nruag, kev ua haujlwm ntawm JF Rameau ntawm kev sib haum xeeb tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb (thawj ntawm lawv yog Treatise on Harmony (Traité de l'harmonie, 1722)). Tau tsim lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev thim rov qab ntawm chords thiab muaj peb lub hauv paus. Tonal zog (tonic, dominant thiab subdominant), Rameau nteg lub hauv paus rau classic. lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Nws cov kev xav tau tsim los ntawm d'Alembert hauv nws txoj haujlwm "Theoretical thiab cov tswv yim ntawm cov suab paj nruag raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm Rameau" ("Elements de musique théorique et pratique, suivant les principes de m. Rameau", 1752), muab txhais rau nws. lang. F. Marpurg. Cov lus nug ntawm kev sib haum xeeb nyiam nyob rau hauv pem teb 2. 18th caug xyoo saib pl. theorists, to-rye nrhiav nrhiav ib tug rational scientific. Kev piav qhia ntawm phenomena pom nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm composers ntawm classical thiab pre-classical era. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv uas paub zoo los ntawm II Fuchs “The Step to Parnassus” (“Gradus ad Parnassum”, 1725) thiab “Treatise on Counterpoint” (1774) los ntawm G. Martini, cov ntsiab lus dav dav thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim ntawm polyphony tau muab. .

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, thawj yam tshwm sim. ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag, raws li tsis nyob rau hauv lub legendary thiab anecdotal. cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis ntawm lub siab xav rau qhov tseem ceeb. tsom xam thiab kev pab them nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseeb. "History of Music" Italian. tus kws tshawb fawb J. Martini (“Storia della musica”, v. 1-3, 1757-81), uas qhov kev nthuav qhia tau coj mus rau qhov pib ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, tseem tsis tau muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm Khetos.—theological. sawv cev. Ntau yam kev tshawb fawb. tus cwj pwm yog cov peev txheej ntawm Askiv C. Burney (vols. 1-4, 1776-89) thiab J. Hawkins (vols. 1-5, 1776), imbued nrog enlightenment. lub tswv yim ntawm kev vam meej; cov phenomena ntawm yav dhau los raug soj ntsuam los ntawm cov sau phau ntawv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm advanced aesthetic. cov tswv yim ntawm tam sim no. Tus sau ntawm "Cov Keeb Kwm General ntawm Music" rau nws. lang. (“Allgemeine Geschichte der Musik”, Bd 1-2, 1788-1801) IN Forkel pom txoj haujlwm hauv kev taug qab kev txhim kho ntawm cov muses. thov los ntawm "thawj qhov chaw" mus rau "siab tshaj plaws perfection". Lub qab ntug ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. tau tsuas yog txwv rau cov suab paj nruag ntawm Western Europe. lub teb chaws; Fabkis tiag. tus kws tshawb fawb JB Laborde nyob rau hauv nws "Essay on qub thiab tshiab suab paj nruag" ("Essai sur la musique ancienne et moderne", v. 1-4, 1780) kuj hais txog cov tsis yog-European art. haiv neeg. M. Herbert nyob rau hauv nws ib tsab ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab. treatises (1784) cim qhov pib ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag. Thawj qhov ua haujlwm loj hauv suab paj nruag. lexicographies yog “Musical Dictionary” (“Dictionnaire de musique”, 1703) los ntawm S. Brossard, “Musical Dictionary, or Musical Library” (“Musikalisches Lexicon oder Musikalische Bibliothek”, 1732) los ntawm IG Walter, “Foundations of the Triumphal Gates” (“Grundlage der Ehrenpforten”, 1740) Matteson.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 nrog rau cov keeb kwm dav dav muaj ntau yam haujlwm tshwm sim. kev tshawb fawb txog cov kws sau ntawv, uas tau cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm tus kheej thiab tus kheej muaj tswv yim. cov tsos ntawm cov creators ntawm art. Thawj qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm hom no yog HAUV Forkel phau ntawv “On the Life, Art and Works of JS Bach” (“Lber JS Bachs Leben, Kunst und Kunstwerke”, 1802). Classic cov monographs ntawm J. Baini ntawm Palestrina (vols. 1-2, 1828), O. Jan ntawm Mozart (vols. 1-4, 1856-59), KF Krisander ntawm Handel (vols. 1-3, 1858) tau txais tseem ceeb -67), F. Spitta on Bach (vols. 1-2, 1873-80). Tus nqi ntawm cov haujlwm no yog txiav txim siab feem ntau los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv sau cia thiab cov ntsiab lus biographical uas muaj nyob hauv lawv. khoom.

Qhov kev tshawb pom thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav thiab nthuav dav tag nrho cov duab ntawm kev txhim kho suab paj nruag. AV Ambros tau sau xyoo 1862: "Lub siab ntawm kev sau thiab kev tshawb nrhiav tau ua rau muaj kev sib sau ntawm cov khoom tshiab yuav luag txhua hnub, thiab nws yog qhov txaus ntshai heev los sim coj kev txiav txim rau cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev pom zoo" ("Geschichte der Musik”, Bd 1, 1862, 1887). Kev sim rau holistic kev pab muz.-historical. txheej txheem tau ua nrog decomp. methodological txoj hauj lwm. Yog hais tias txoj hauj lwm ntawm RG Kizewetter nrog cov yam ntxwv lub npe "History ntawm Western European los yog Peb Tam Sim No Music" ("Geschichte der europdisch-abendländischen oder unserer heutigen Musik", 1834) muaj ntau echoes, nws yuav enlighten. cov tswv yim hais txog keeb kwm raws li ib tug txheej txheem ntawm kev vam meej thiab nce mus nce, ces lub taub hau ntawm Fabkis. thiab Belg. M. nyob nruab nrab. Xyoo 19th FJ Fetis pom nyob rau hauv "cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev vam meej" DOS. ib qho kev cuam tshuam rau kev nkag siab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev thov. Nws cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb The Universal Biography of Musicians thiab General Bibliography of Music (Biographie universelle des musiciens et bibliographie générale de la musique, v. 1-8, 1837-44) thiab General History of Music (Histoire générale de la musique depuis les temps les plus anciens jusqu'а nos jours”, v. 1-5, 1869-76) sawv cev rau qhov loj ntawm kev tshawb fawb. tus nqi. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj haujlwm kev saib xyuas ntawm tus sau, uas pom nws tus kheej zoo nkauj, tau tshwm sim hauv lawv. zoo tagnrho yav dhau los thiab xav txog kev txhim kho suab paj nruag raws li tus txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov decomp. suab tsim qauv. Cov kev sib txawv yog qhia nyob rau hauv F. Brendel's History of Music nyob rau hauv ltalis, lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis ... kev twb kev txuas nrog rau cov phenomena tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub neej ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Tib yam kev coj noj coj ua thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev pom yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm Ambros, txawm hais tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag hauv keeb kwm dav dav. txheej txheem tau txiav txim siab los ntawm nws los ntawm qhov pom ntawm romantic-idealistic. cov tswv yim hais txog "sab ntsuj plig ntawm tib neeg". Nws ntau lub ntim "History of Music" ("Geschichte der Musik", Bd 1852-1, 4-1862) belongs rau ib qho chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv suab paj nruag. historiography ntawm lub xyoo pua 78th.

Kev saib xyuas zoo rau cov teeb meem txheej txheem ntawm suab paj nruag-keeb kwm. kev tshawb fawb pom nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub 19th thiab 20th centuries. G. Kretschmar, G. Adler, X. Riemann. Kretzschmar tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm suab paj nruag rau kev txiav txim siab tus nqi zoo nkauj, txhais nws li "kev siv suab paj nruag zoo nkauj saib los ntawm qhov kev xav." Ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau qhov tseeb, kev nkag siab zoo ntawm kev kos duab. phenomena, nws suav hais tias kev paub ntawm lub era thiab istorich. tej yam kev mob uas ib qho phenomenon tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau nws, Adler hais txog lub elucidation ntawm cov evolutionary txoj cai ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm suab paj nruag, tso rau pem hauv ntej raws li lub hauv paus. music-historical qeb tswvyim style. Tab sis lub tswv yim no tau txhais los ntawm nws officially. Hloov thiab hloov qhov sib txawv. styles yog, raws li Adler, organic. tus txheej txheem ywj pheej ntawm tej yam tseem ceeb sab nraud ntawm nws. Zoo sib xws abstract-naturalistic. kev nkag siab txog keeb kwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag pom nws cov lus tshaj tawm hauv Riemann, uas tau tsis lees paub txog kev tsim suab paj nruag, xav txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov muses. kev foob raws li kev tshwm sim ntawm kev cai lij choj tsis hloov pauv.

Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv app. music historiography pib. Xyoo pua 20th tuav txoj haujlwm ntawm R. Rolland. Xav txog cov suab paj nruag yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm noob neej, nws xav tias nws yuav tsum tau kawm nws nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog kev lag luam, kev nom kev tswv. thiab kab lis kev cai keeb kwm ntawm haiv neeg. Rolland sau hais tias, "Txhua yam kev sib raug zoo," Rolland tau sau tias, "txhua qhov kev hloov pauv nom tswv pom nws txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam kiv puag ncig, thiab lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws yog lub cev uas txhua yam cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg: kev lag luam phenomena thiab artistic phenomena." “Txhua daim ntawv suab paj nruag yog txuam nrog ib hom kev ntawm tib neeg thiab tso cai rau peb nkag siab zoo dua nws” (Rollan R., Sobranie musikistoricheskih soobshcheniya, vol. 4, 1938, pp. 8, 10). Cov dej num tau muab tso rau tom ntej los ntawm Rolland rau keeb kwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag tuaj yeem daws teeb meem tsis tu ncua tsuas yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm keeb kwm. materialism.

Hauv pem teb 2. Lub xyoo pua puv 19 nthuav tawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb-tseem ceeb. luam tawm ntawm monuments ntawm suab paj nruag yav dhau los. Sh. E. Kusmaker luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1864-76 ib tug xov tooj ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. treatises ntawm suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv 1861-71, nyob rau hauv lub tes ntawm. F. Krizander, kev tshaj tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab "Monuments of Musical Art" ("Denkmäler der Tonkunst") tau pib, uas tom qab ntawd txuas ntxiv los ntawm 1900 los ntawm lub npe. "Monuments ntawm German suab paj nruag kos duab" ("Denkmäler deutscher Tonkunst"). Xyoo 1894, ed. Adler pib tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm "Monuments of Musical Art in Austria" ("Denkmäler der Tonkunst in Österreich"). Nyob rau tib lub xyoo, kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm "Masters of Music ntawm Fabkis Renaissance" ("Les maоtres musiciens de la renaissance française") tau pib nyob rau hauv ob txhais tes ntawm. A. Kws txawj. O. Chilesotti hauv ltalis luam tawm xyoo 1883-1915 9 vols. "Libraries of suab paj nruag rarities" ("Biblioteca di rarita musicali"), nyob rau hauv uas cov qauv ntawm lute music ntawm lub 16th-18th centuries raug muab. Kev tshaj tawm ntawm tib hom tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Nrog rau qhov no, ntau lub ntim ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov classics tau ua tiav. masters: Bach (59 vols., 1851-1900), Handel (100 vols., 1859-94), Mozart (24 series, 1876-86).

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm suab paj nruag lexicography txhais tau tias. suab paj nruag ua lub luag haujlwm. phau ntawv txhais lus J. Grove (1879-90) thiab X. Riemann (1882), txawv los ntawm kev tshawb fawb siab. qib, dav thiab ntau yam ntaub ntawv lawv qhia. Ob qho kev ua haujlwm tom qab tau luam tawm ntau zaus hauv daim ntawv ntxiv thiab hloov kho. Nyob rau xyoo 1900-04, 10-volume Bio-Bibliographic Dictionary of Sources about Musicians and Musical Scholars….

Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm suab paj nruag. kev kawm nyob rau tiam 19th. ntau yog tsim. nyiaj pab rau ntau yam theoretical kev qhuab qhia. Xws li cov hauj lwm ntawm kev sib haum xeeb los ntawm S. Catel (1802), FJ Fetis (1844), FE Richter (1863), M. Hauptmann (1868), ntawm polyphony – L. Cherubini (1835), IGG Bellerman (1868). Kev ywj pheej. cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm suab paj nruag dhau los ua ib ceg ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag. daim ntawv. Thawj qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam no yog X. Koch's “Experience in Composition Guide” (“Versuch einer Anleitung zur Composition”, Tl 1-3, 1782-93). Tom qab ntawd, cov hauj lwm zoo sib xws los ntawm A. Reich thiab AB Marx tshwm sim. Muaj Ch. arr. cov hom phiaj kev kawm, cov hauj lwm no yog devoid of broad theoretical. generalization thiab raws li stylistic. classical qauv. era. Dep. cov kev xav tshiab thiab txoj haujlwm muaj feem xyuam rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev faib cov chords los ntawm Katel).

Ib theem tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm Tebchaws Europe. theoretical M. yog txuam nrog kev ua ub no ntawm X. Riemann, ib tug kws tshawb fawb ntawm erudition zoo thiab ntau yam scientific. kev txaus siab, leej twg contributed rau lub decomp. ntu ntawm suab paj nruag txoj kev xav. Riemann tau qhia thiab pom tseeb lub tswvyim ntawm kev sib haum xeeb. functions, muab ib tug tshiab kev faib tawm ntawm chords nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lawv teej tug mus rau ib tug los yog lwm pab pawg neeg functional, qhia lub formative tus nqi ntawm modulation. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv suab paj nruag, nws tau mus tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm purely architectonic. lub sijhawm (qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw, lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo rau tag nrho thiab rau ib leeg), tab sis kuj los ntawm kev xav-thematic. kev sib txuas. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tshaj categoricalness, uas Riemann qhia nws scientific. views, muab ib tug xov tooj ntawm nws theoretical. dogmatic kev cai. tus cwj pwm. Raws li cov qauv qauv thiab cov cai ntawm classic. suab paj nruag style, nws ntaus nqi rau lawv ib qho tseem ceeb, universal tseem ceeb, thiab nrog rau cov qauv ntawm no style nws mus cuag lub suab paj nruag ntawm txhua lub sij hawm thiab cov neeg. Riemann cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm 'meter' thiab atherosclerosis yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no. Lub tsev kawm ntawv ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib haum xeeb tau qhia thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 19th thiab 20th. kuj los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm E. Prout thiab FO Gevart.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th M. thaum kawg tsim thiab tau txais kev lees paub raws li kev ywj pheej. ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb thiab nws muaj nws txoj kev tshawb fawb. M. muaj nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm kev kawm ntawv qib siab nyob rau hauv tib neeg, nyob rau hauv feem ntau lub teb chaws ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab Amelikas ntawm high fur khau looj plab hlaub yog tsim tshwj xeeb departments los yog nyob rau hauv-koj M. Activation ntawm scientific. ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm suab paj nruag pab txhawb ntau heev. kws suab paj nruag. txog-va thiab koom haum, to-rye qee zaum muaj lawv tus kheej. xovxwm lub cev, luam tawm ib tug series ntawm documentary thiab kev tshawb fawb. luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv 1899 lub Intern. suab paj nruag zej zog, uas teem lub luag hauj lwm ntawm uniting musicologists dec. lub teb chaws. Xyoo 1914, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, nws tau tso tseg nws cov haujlwm. Xyoo 1927, International Society for Musicology tau tsim, uas cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau dua 40 lub teb chaws (xws li USSR) tau sawv cev.

Qhov dav dav ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam ntawm M. nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. tau nce ntau, nws cov teeb meem ntau tau nthuav dav, kev tshawb fawb tshiab tau tshwm sim. kev lag luam thiab cov lus qhia. Tus hu. piv. M., muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev kawm suab paj nruag. tsis yog-European kab lis kev cai. haiv neeg. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no tau tsim nyob rau hauv thaum pib. 20th caug xyoo German kws tshawb fawb K. Stumpf, EM Hornbostel, K. Sachs, R. Lachman, V. Viora belongs rau nws cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Txoj kev sib piv. M., uas tau ua raws li kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam hauv kev nplua-ve decomp. cov neeg hauv ntiaj teb, tau raug thuam thiab lub npe ntawm kev qhuab qhia tau pom tias tsis raug. Hauv 40s. Lub tswvyim ntawm "ethnomusicology" tau qhia. Tsis zoo li piv. M., qhov kev qhuab qhia no nrhiav kev kawm suab paj nruag. haiv neeg tag nrho, nyob rau hauv aggregate ntawm tag nrho nws yam.

Cov kws tshawb fawb Zap. Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm ntawm East. suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 tau ua tsuas yog cais, ntau los yog tsawg episodic. excursions rau hauv cheeb tsam no (piv txwv li, tej hauj lwm ntawm RG Kizevetter, as Well as F. Salvador-Daniel, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Paris Commune ntawm Arabic suab paj nruag), ces nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. suab paj nruag Orientalism ua ywj siab. kev qhuab ntuas. Peev ua haujlwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm Arab. lub teb chaws thiab Iran tau tsim los ntawm G. Farmer, raws li cov classic. Indian suab paj nruag - A. Daniel, Indonesian suab paj nruag - J. Kunst. Tab sis nrog ib tug ntau ntawm zoo scientific. cov ntaub ntawv, cov hauj lwm no feem ntau tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia thiab methodological. txoj cai. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Danielou, muaj ib tug nyiam khaws cia kev lig kev cai. sab hnub tuaj kab lis kev cai thiab underestimation ntawm niaj hnub. lawv txoj kev loj hlob.

Thaum pib. 20th caug xyoo JB Thibaut thiab O. Fleischer tau tso lub hauv paus ntawm cov niaj hnub no. music Byzantine kev tshawb fawb. Kev txiav txim siab ua tiav hauv cheeb tsam no yog txuam nrog kev tshawb pom ntawm H. Tilliard, K. Høeg, thiab E. Welles.

Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag npog ntau yam ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab decomp. era - los ntawm ancient east. kab lis kev cai thiab antiquity rau peb lub sij hawm. Sib npaug sib txawv yog hom suab paj nruag-keeb kwm. hauj lwm: qhov no yog ib tug monograph. kev tshawb fawb mob siab rau muaj tswv yim zoo. cov duab los yog suab paj nruag. hom, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav ntawm kev txhim kho suab paj nruag los ntawm lub teb chaws, era, stylistic. lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag, Western-European. Yuav luag tsis muaj "qhov chaw dawb" thiab lacunae, dubious, sau tseg tab sis tau lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm cov neeg. Rau cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws musicologists - historians ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. belongs rau: G. Abert, A. Shering, A. Einstein nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees; JG Prodomme, A. Prunier, R. Rolland, J. Tiersot hauv Fab Kis; OE Deutsch, E. Shenk hauv Austria; A. Bonaventure, A. Della Corte, F. Torrefranca hauv ltalis; E. Blom, E. Dent hauv Askiv; P. Lang, G. Rees nyob USA, thiab lwm yam. Suab paj nruag. Cov tsev kawm ntawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv Czechoslovakia, Poland thiab lwm lub tebchaws sab hnub tuaj. Teb chaws Europe. Tus tsim ntawm niaj hnub Czech M. yog O. Gostinskiy, nws cov neeg ua tiav yog cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb xws li V. Gelfert, Z. Neyedly. Ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Polish musicologists yog A. Khybinsky thiab Z. Jachymetsky. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb no tau tsim lub hauv paus rau qhov tob tob hauv kev kawm txog kev coj noj coj ua hauv tebchaws. Sau cov lus dab neeg tau txais kev nyob hauv cov teb chaws no. Txoj hauj lwm. Polish ethnographer OG Kolberg tsim ib qho haujlwm tseem ceeb piav qhia txog lub txaj txaj. kev lis kev cai, nkauj, seev cev (“Lud, jego zwyczaje, sposüb zycia, mowa, podania, przyslowia, obrzedy, gusla, zabawy, piesni, muzyka i tance”, t. 1-33, 1865-90). Nws kuj muaj 23-ntim sau ntawm Polish bunks. nkauj. Tseem ceeb rau suab paj nruag. Folkloristics ntawm South Slavs. haiv neeg tau ua haujlwm ntawm FK Kukhach. A. Pann thiab T. Brediceanu tau tso lub hauv paus rau kev ua haujlwm. sau thiab tshawb fawb rum. nkauj ntseeg. Thaum pib. Lub xyoo pua 20th scientific-collective raug xa mus. cov dej num ntawm B. Bartok, to-ry nrhiav tau yav tas los tsis paub txheej ntawm Hung. thiab rum. nar. suab paj nruag, pab ntau heev rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm methodological. fundamentals ntawm music folklore.

Nws tau nthuav dav hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. ua hauj lwm rau kev tshaj tawm ntawm monuments ntawm suab paj nruag. kab lis kev cai. Ntau cov ntawv tshaj tawm genus (cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm cov ntawv qub qub, kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog lub hlwb thiab lub cev, kho thiab ua tiav, ua rau kev ua raws li cov kev xav tau niaj hnub no) tsis tsuas yog ua kom npog ntau yam hauv txoj kev tshiab, nrog ntau dua tiav thiab kev ntseeg tau. keeb kwm lub sij hawm ntawm kev tsim suab paj nruag, tab sis kuj tau pab txhawb rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm ntau yam tsis nco qab txog kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab opera repertoire. Lub ubiquitous expansion ntawm keeb kwm horizons ntawm niaj hnub mloog yog nyob rau hauv ncaj qha kev twb kev txuas nrog cov achievements ntawm cov keeb kwm. M. thiab intensive publishing kev ua si nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm suab paj nruag.

Kev ua haujlwm loj hauv keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag nyob rau xyoo pua 20th yog, raws li txoj cai, sau los ntawm pab pawg kws tshawb fawb. Qhov no yog vim qhov loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv, uas tsis tuaj yeem them los ntawm ib tus kws tshawb fawb, thiab kev loj hlob tshwj xeeb. Tom qab kev tshaj tawm los ntawm Riemann ntawm nws Handbuch der Musikgeschichte (Bd 1, Tl 1-2, Bd 2, Tl 1-3, 1904-13) thiab luam tawm ntawm Keeb Kwm Music (Histoire de la musique”, v. 1- 3, 1913-19) J. Combarier in Zarub. kws suab paj nruag. tsis muaj tej hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag sau los ntawm ib tus kws sau ntawv. Los ntawm feem ntau txhais tau tias. Cov hauj lwm sib sau ua ke hauv thaj chaw no yog “Oxford keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag” (“Oxford keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag”, v. 1-6, 1 ed. 1901-1905), “Qhia rau keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag” (1924) ed. G. Adler, ib phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub npe dav dav. "Cov Lus Qhia rau Musicology" ("Handbuch der Musikwissenchaft"), luam tawm ed. E. Buecken nyob rau xyoo 1927-34, “The Norton history of music” (“The Norton history of music”), luam tawm nyob rau hauv teb chaws USA txij thaum 1940. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. X. Mersman, G. Werner, P. Koller, X. Stuckenschmidt, W. Austin thiab lwm tus tau sim ua keeb kwm kom nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem suab paj nruag. kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug era uas yog nyob rau hauv ncaj qha kev sib cuag nrog modernity. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau ntawm cov haujlwm no raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov tsis muaj keeb kwm tiag tiag, kev tsis ncaj ncees hauv kev xaiv thiab kev pab them nqi ntawm cov khoom. Tiv thaiv txoj haujlwm ntawm K.-l. ib qho kev qhia muaj tswv yim, lawv cov kws sau ntawv qee zaum tsis suav nrog ntau qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm niaj hnub no los ntawm lawv qhov kev pom. suab paj nruag. Tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm zarub. cov kws tshawb fawb tau muab los ntawm cov kev xav ntawm T. Adorno, uas nyob rau hauv phau ntawv Philosophy of New Music (Philosophie der neuen Musik, 1949) thiab lwm yam hauj lwm tshaj tawm txoj hauv kev ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Viennese tshiab tsuas yog txoj hauv kev rau kev loj hlob ntawm muses. kev foob nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th.

Kev nplua nuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm Moscow ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim xws li monumental encyclopedias. collections, xws li “Encyclopedia of Music of the Paris Conservatory” (“Encyclopédie de la musique et Dictionnaire du conservatoire”, p. 1, v. 1-5, p. 2, v. 1-6, 1913-31) ed. A. Lavignac thiab L. de La Laurencie thiab “Music yav dhau los thiab tam sim no” (“Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart”, Bd 1-14, 1949-68, ib qho ntxiv tau luam tawm txij li xyoo 1970), ed. P. Blume.

Nrog rau indisputable achievements nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tshwj xeeb. teeb meem ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag, kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov kev kawm. hauv paus, nrhiav pom cov khoom tshiab, yav tas los tsis paub nyob rau hauv niaj hnub. zarub. dab neeg. M. nrog tshwj xeeb sharpness tau pom kuj nek-ry tsis kam. tendencies: tsis muaj zog ntawm generalizations, tsis muaj ib tug dav kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm foundations, formal relation to tej chaw. Qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua qub, qhov muag tsis pom kev thiab tsis muaj lub ntsej muag tseem tau taw qhia los ntawm qhov pom deb tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Western. M. Txawm tias thaum lub sij hawm tig ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. V. Gurlitt tau hais tias qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm tshiab thiab cov kev tshawb fawb. Cov rooj sib tham tsis tuaj yeem npog "kev txom nyem ntawm lub zog muaj tswv yim muaj tswv yim." Hauv 10th Congress ntawm Intern. Society of Musicology (1967) F. Blume tau tsa cov lus nug txog kev tshwj xeeb ntau dhau thiab "neopositivism" raws li kev hem thawj cov tsos mob ntawm niaj hnub no. keeb kwm M., hais txog "txoj kev sib cais ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag los ntawm keeb kwm dav dav." Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm methodological teeb meem ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag tom qab G. Adler, G. Krechmar, A. Schering, tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshiab tau tiav. Kev faib tawm raws li lub sijhawm stylistic tau txais nyob rau hauv kev sib sau ua haujlwm loj hauv keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag bh yog ib qho kev cai sab nraud nkaus xwb, uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho ntau haiv neeg thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm keeb kwm suab paj nruag. txheej txheem. Kev sib sau ntawm qhov tseeb feem ntau dhau los ua qhov kawg ntawm nws tus kheej thiab tsis raug rau cov dej num ntawm kev tshawb fawb dav dav. xaj.

General kev taw qhia ntawm kev loj hlob theoretical. M. nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nyiam kov yeej Riemannian dogmatism thiab ua kom muaj tswv yim nyob. niaj hnub xyaum. Tsim ib tug ntau ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, nyob rau hauv uas lub ntsiab. cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm txoj kev xav tau txhais ntau qhov dav thiab dawb, los qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib haum xeeb. Cov ntawv kos rau cov qauv ntawm con music. 19 – lus. 20th caug xyoo Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm hom no yog “Treatise on Harmony” (“Traité d'harmonie”, t. 1-3, 1928-30) los ntawm C. Keklen.

Ib qho tseem ceeb tshiab hauv kev txhim kho txoj kev xav txog suab paj nruag yog cov hauj lwm ntawm E. Kurt, ntawm cov Fundamentals of Linear Counterpoint (Grundlagen des linearen Kontrapunkts, 1917) thiab Romantic Harmony and Its Crisis in Wagner's Tristan (Romantische Harmonik und ihre Krise in. Wagner's “Tristan”, 1920). Kurt pib los ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm suab paj nruag raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm "psychic. zog", hais txog nws cov dynamic, txheej txheem sab. Nws yog Kurt uas ntaus lub siab tshaj plaws. lub tshuab rau dogmatism thiab metaphysical classicism. suab paj nruag txoj kev xav. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm subjective-idealistic. qhov xwm txheej ntawm Kurt txoj kev xav coj nws mus rau qhov kev paub daws teeb meem thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev txav mus los hauv suab paj nruag raws li ib yam dab tsi uas nws tus kheej muaj thiab ywj siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus tiag tiag-kev xav.

Ntau tus kws sau nkauj ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 20th yog cov kws sau ntawv ntawm cov haujlwm theoretical, uas lawv tsis tsuas yog nthuav tawm thiab nthuav tawm tswv yim. thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus zoo nkauj, tab sis tshwj xeeb dua. nkauj lus nug. tshuab. Hauv “Cov Lus Qhuab Qhia ntawm Kev Sib Haum Xeeb” (“Harmonielehre”, 1911) los ntawm A. Schoenberg, ib qho kev saib tshiab tau muab tso rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm consonance thiab dissonance, qhov zoo ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thib plaub ntawm kev tsim chords hla lub ntsiab lus thib peb yog pov thawj, txawm hais tias tus sau tseem tsis tawm hauv av ntawm tonal kev sib raug zoo ntawm no. Ib qho kev nkag siab tshiab, nthuav dav ntawm tonality yog nthuav tawm los ntawm P. Hindemith nyob rau hauv “Cov Lus Qhia hauv Kev Sau” (“Unterweisung in Tonsatz”, 1st, theoretical, part, 1937). Ib series ntawm lectures los ntawm A. Webern, luam tawm posthumously nyob rau hauv lub npe. "Txoj kev mus rau suab paj nruag tshiab" ("Wege zur neuen Musik", 1960), muaj cov theoretical thiab zoo nkauj. substantiation ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm dodecaphony thiab serialism. Nqe lus hais txog technology. lub hauv paus ntawm dodecaphony tau mob siab rau cov ntaub ntawv dav dav ntawm decomp. hom lus (ua haujlwm los ntawm R. Leibovitz, H. Jelinek, H. Eimert thiab lwm yam).

Nyob rau hauv lub 50-70s. hauv Western Europe thiab Amer. M. txoj kev ntawm lub thiaj li hu. kev tsom xam. Lub tswv yim ntawm cov qauv suab, uas tuaj yeem qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus, hloov cov muses hauv qhov system no. tsom xam ntawm lub ntsiab classical pawg. cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov ntawv. Raws li, qhov sib txawv. "dimensions" ntawm lub suab thiab lub sij hawm (qhov siab, ntev, lub zog, xim ntawm lub suab) yog txiav txim. "structural parameters". Hom kev tsom xam no txo ​​cov tswv yim ntawm daim ntawv ntawm muses. prod. mus rau ib txheej ntawm purely quantitative, zauv kev sib raug zoo. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov qauv yog tsim los ntawm Ch. arr. suab paj nruag theorists. avant-garde raws li serial thiab qee hom suab paj nruag tom qab serial. Kev sim siv txoj kev no rau cov khoom raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tonal xav tsis tau muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo. tshwm sim. Kev tsom xam cov qauv tuaj yeem pab qhia meej txog qee cov kev cai lij choj hauv suab paj nruag, tab sis nws yog abstracts los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kos duab. cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshwj xeeb keeb kwm thiab stylistic. kev sib txuas.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th cov tsev kawm suab paj nruag pib ua zoo nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Lat. America, Asia thiab Africa. Lawv tsom ntsoov rau cov teeb meem hauv tebchaws. suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai. LE Correa di Azevedo yog tus sau cov haujlwm loj ntawm br. nar. thiab prof. suab paj nruag, nyob rau hauv 1943 nws tsim lub Center for Folklore Research ntawm lub Nat. tsev kawm ntawv suab paj nruag. Ib tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Argent. M. – K. Vega, uas luam tawm cov khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws ntawm cov bunks. melodies raws li tus kheej. cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv Nyiv, pib los ntawm con. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm nthuav scientifically commented collections ntawm Nar. thiab classic. suab paj nruag, tsim kev tshawb fawb loj. liter raws diff. teeb meem ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev xav ntawm Nyiv. suab paj nruag. txhais tau tias. kev vam meej tau mus txog ind. M. hauv kev kawm nat. nkauj kab lig kev cai. Ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb yog N. Menon. Hauv 50-60s. kev ua ub no ntawm kev ncig ua si tau nce ntxiv. musicologists; tseem ceeb heev rau txoj kev kawm ntawm Nar. ncig saib. suab paj nruag thiab nws keeb kwm. cov hauj lwm ntawm AA Saigun thiab lwm tus muaj yav dhau los. Pawg Ntseeg Suab Nkauj. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm Council of Arts, Literature thiab Social Sciences. Cov kws ntaus nkauj loj tuaj rau pem hauv ntej. Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv qee lub tebchaws ntawm Negro Africa: K. Nketiya (Ghana), A. Yuba (Nigeria).

Nyob rau hauv Russia, M. pib coj zoo nyob rau hauv lub con. 17th caug xyoo twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th. cov lus qhia rau kev kawm ntawm kev sau ntawv sib txuas, lub npe hu ua. ABCs (saib. Suab paj nruag ABC), muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev xav ntawm suab paj nruag. Tsuas yog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm ntu hu nkauj IT Korenev (Musikia, 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th) thiab NP Diletsky (Musikia Grammar, 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th) yog ib qho kev sim tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb thiab ua tiav cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov nkauj. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th Lavxias teb sab kev xav ntawm suab paj nruag yog tso tawm ntawm kev ntseeg. dependence thiab kov ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov teeb meem muaj feem xyuam rau kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm secular nat. suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai. Tab sis M. tseem tsis tau muaj kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua no. ceg ntawm science of art-ve. Ib tus lej muaj. cov lus hais txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm suab paj nruag thiab paj huam, hais txog qhov xwm ntawm muses. hom muaj nyob rau hauv ntau lawm. cov founders ntawm Russia lit. classicism MV Lomonosov, AP Sumarokov. Lomonosov muaj ib daim duab tshwj xeeb "Ib tsab ntawv hais txog qhov kev txiav txim uas tsim los ntawm cov suab paj nruag hauv tib neeg lub siab." Nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal luam tawm los ntawm IA Krylov thiab nws cov ntaub ntawv. cov koom tes hauv con. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, lub nruj normativity ntawm classicist aesthetics yog thuam, lub tswv yim ntawm muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug Rus. nat. operas raws li pej xeem creativity. Ib tug belated ncha ntawm classicism yog GR Derzhavin's "Discourse on Lyric Poetry los yog Ode" (1811-15), nyob rau hauv uas spec. ntu tau mob siab rau opera, nkauj hom, cantata. Txhua tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias. lit-ry 18 xyoo pua. - los ntawm VK Trediakovsky mus rau AN Radishchev - pom kev txaus siab rau Nar. nkauj. Nyob rau hauv lub xeem thurs. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th yog thawj phau ntawv sau ntawm Lavxias teb sab. nar. nkauj nrog suab paj nruag sau los ntawm VF Trutovsky, NA Lvov thiab I. Prach. NA Lvov tsab xov xwm "Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Folk Singing", luam tawm raws li ib tug preface nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ntawm cov collections, cim lub pib ntawm Lavxias teb sab. nkauj ntseeg. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 2th kuj siv rau kev yug ntawm fatherlands. music historiography. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Russia. nkauj pib lub neej. thiab ser. 18th caug xyoo yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab paub txog keeb kwm ua haujlwm los ntawm J. Shtelin "Xov Xwm Txog Suab Nkauj hauv Russia" (18). Xyoo 1770 nws tau luam tawm ua lus Fab Kis. lang. AM Beloselsky phau ntawv "Rau Suab Nkauj hauv Ltalis", uas ua rau muaj ntau cov lus teb txawv teb chaws. Ntawm Academy of Sciences thiab Arts, qee cov lus nug ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm suab paj nruag hauv physics thiab acoustics tau tsim. thiab kev ua lej. European L. Euler txoj hauj lwm "Qhov Kev Paub Txog Txoj Cai Tshiab ntawm Suab paj nruag tau teeb tsa los ntawm Lub hauv paus ntawm Txoj Cai Hloov Kho ntawm Kev Sib Haum Xeeb" (tshaj tawm xyoo 1778) tau txais kev lees paub. J. Sarti tau thov ib txoj kev hloov kho tshiab, tau pom zoo los ntawm Academy of Sciences thiab Arts hauv 1739 thiab yuav luag tag nrho nrog rau ib qho uas tau saws nyob rau hauv 1796 raws li lub ntiaj teb no. txheem.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th kev loj hlob ntawm suab paj nruag thiab science. xav nyob rau hauv tau zoo txuas nrog kev tawm tsam rau txoj kev siab ntawm fatherlands. suab paj nruag foob, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm nws txoj kev muaj tswv yim. thiab aesthetic ideals. Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lub sij hawm no, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau kos ib tug meej kab ntawm M. thiab muses. kev thuam. Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov theoretical. thiab lub tswv yim zoo nkauj tau muab tso rau thiab txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm kev ua ub no, feem ntau hauv kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm kev xav thiab kev sib tw. contractions. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov tsos ntawm operas los ntawm MI Glinka nyob rau hauv lub 30s thiab 40s. nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm VF Odoevsky, NA Melgunov, thiab lwm yam critics, thawj zaug, cov lus nug txog lub teb chaws ntawm suab paj nruag, hais txog cov yam ntxwv txawv, pib los tham txog. nta ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag tsev kawm ntawv thiab nws kev sib raug zoo rau lwm yam nat. tsev kawm ntawv (Italian, German, Fabkis). Kev tshawb fawb loj. VP Botkin cov lus "Italian thiab German Suab paj nruag", "Ntawm Aesthetic Significance of the New Piano School" (mob siab rau F. Chopin) yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Lub tuam tsev tau raug tsim. loj monographs. kev tshawb fawb. xws li: "A New Biography of Mozart" (1843) los ntawm AD Ulybyshev, "Beethoven thiab Nws Peb Hom" (1852) los ntawm V. Lenz. Ob txoj haujlwm no tau txais kev lees paub txawv teb chaws.

Ib theem tshiab hauv kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab. M. txiav txim siab txog cov dej num ntawm AN Serov, VV Stasov, GA Larosh, uas nthuav tawm hauv 50s thiab 60s. Lub xyoo pua 19th Serov thawj zaug qhia lub sij hawm musicology. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam tsab xov xwm "Suab paj nruag, Suab paj nruag Science, Suab paj nruag Pedagogics" (1864), nws sharply thuam cov dogmatism ntawm txawv teb chaws. cov theorists nrhiav kev tsim kom muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, "nyob mus ib txhis" txoj cai ntawm suab paj nruag, thiab sib cav hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm suab paj nruag raws li kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum yog kev kawm txog keeb kwm. txoj kev loj hlob ntawm suab paj nruag. lus thiab hom suab paj nruag. kev muaj tswv yim. Tib lub tswv yim yog tiv thaiv los ntawm Laroche nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "History Method of Teaching Music Theory" (1872-73), txawm hais tias zoo nkauj conservatism. tus sau txoj hauj lwm coj nws mus rau ib sab txhais ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm historicism raws li ib tug antidote rau "misconceptions" ntawm niaj hnub lub sij hawm. Dab tsi Serov thiab Laroche muaj sib xws yog tias lawv tau mob siab rau xav txog cov muses. phenomena nyob rau hauv ib tug dav keeb kwm keeb kwm yav dhau, resorting mus rau ntau yam parallels ob leeg los ntawm lub teb ntawm suab paj nruag thiab los ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm kos duab. kev muaj tswv yim. Ob tus neeg thuam tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau cov lus nug ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Rus. tsev kawm suab paj nruag ("Mermaid". Opera los ntawm AS Dargomyzhsky los ntawm Serov, "Glinka thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag" los ntawm Laroche, thiab lwm yam). Nyob rau hauv cov analytical sketches "Qhov kev paub ntawm kev thuam ntawm lub suab paj nruag ntawm MI Glinka", "Thematism ntawm lub overture" Leonore "," Beethoven lub cuaj Symphony "Serov nrhiav los txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag raws li thematic. tsom xam. Stasov, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xovxwm raws li ib tug ardent propagandist ntawm lub tshiab Rus. art-va, ib tug fighter rau lub siab lub hom phiaj ntawm realism thiab haiv neeg, tib lub sij hawm nteg lub hauv paus rau ib tug systematic. sau thiab luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv sau txog Lavxias. composers, yog tus sau thawj cov ncauj lus ntxaws ntxaws ntawm MI Glinka, MP Mussorgsky, AP Borodin.

Hauv kev tsim cov peev txheej. lub hauv paus rau keeb kwm ntawm Russia. suab paj nruag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntxov, pre-Glinka lub sijhawm, cov haujlwm ntawm HP Findeisen ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv tsis paub yav dhau los hauv Lavxias. suab paj nruag - los ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog mus rau 19th caug xyoo. - tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias Musical Newspaper, osn. Findeisen nyob rau hauv 1894, nrog rau hauv cov collections "Musical Antiquity", luam tawm nyob rau hauv nws editorship. xyoo 1903-11. Findeisen muaj thawj cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm cov ntawv ntawm Glinka, Dargomyzhsky thiab lwm yam Rus. composers. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab kev kawm hauv Lavxias. nkauj tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm. "Musical Contemporary", luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub editorship ntawm. AN Rimsky-Korsakov xyoo 1915-17; tus kws tshaj lij. Cov teeb meem ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm no tau mob siab rau Mussorgsky, Scriabin, Taneyev. Los ntawm cov hauj lwm dav dav ntawm pre-revolutionary. xyoo nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag, qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ntim yog "Keeb kwm ntawm lub suab paj nruag kev loj hlob ntawm Russia" (vols. 1-2, 1910-12) MM Ivanov, tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. prejudice ntawm tus sau qhov kev txiav txim txhais tau tias. degree devalues ​​qhov tseeb muaj txiaj ntsig muaj nyob hauv txoj haujlwm no. khoom. Cov hauj lwm ntawm AS Famintsyn "Buffoons nyob rau hauv Russia" (1889), "Gusli. Lavxias teb sab pej xeem suab paj nruas ntsuas" (1890), "Domra thiab lwm yam cuab yeej ntawm cov neeg Lavxias teb sab" (1891), NI Privalova "Beep, ib tug ancient Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruas ntsuas" (1904), "Suab paj nruas cua ntawm cov neeg Lavxias teb sab" (1908) , thiab. Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tau tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv sau los ntawm SK Bulich hauv Lavxias. wok ua. music 18 thiab ntxov. 19th centuries Ntawm cov monographic tej hauj lwm hais txog classics ntawm Lavxias teb sab. suab paj nruag yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg "Lub neej ntawm PI Tchaikovsky" (vols. 1-3, 1900-02), sau los ntawm tus kwv tij MI Tchaikovsky. Nyob rau hauv lub 1900s dhau los ua qhov kev kawm ntawm science. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm composers ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tiam: AK Lyadov, SI Taneeva, AK Glazunov, AN Skryabin, SV Rakhmaninov, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tseem ceeb biography tej hauj lwm yog devoted rau Crimea. thiab analytic cov hauj lwm ntawm VG Karatygin, GP Prokofiev, AV Ossovsky, Yu. D. Engel, uas pib nws txoj hauj lwm ua BV Asafiev.

Ib qho tshwj xeeb kev lag luam ua ntej kev hloov pauv. keeb kwm M. yog ua hauj lwm rau lwm tus Lavxias teb sab. nkauj ntseeg. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm nthuav xav thiab conjectures txog sab ntawm fatherlands. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam suab paj nruag tau hais los ntawm E. Bolkhovitinov thaum pib. Xyoo 19th hauv 40s. muaj kev tshaj tawm ntawm ND Gorchakov, VM Undolsky, IV Sakharov, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus los ntawm theoretical. treatises thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv documentary txog singers. thov-ve Russia. VF Odoevsky nyob rau hauv lub 60s. luam tawm ob peb. kev tshawb fawb. sketch raws li lwm yam Lavxias teb sab. suab paj nruag, nyob rau hauv uas pawg ntseeg. hu nkauj piv nrog Nar. nkauj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug generalizing ua hauj lwm los ntawm DV Razumovsky "Lub tsev teev ntuj hu nkauj nyob rau hauv Russia" tau tsim (xws li 1-3, 1867-69). Hauv kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov lus nug Rus. pawg ntseeg SV Smolensky, II Voznesensky, VM Metallov, AV Preobrazhensky ua ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev hu nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm no, pawg ntseeg. Kev hu nkauj yog suav tias yog kev sib cais, nyob rau hauv kev sib cais los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab. kos duab. kab lis kev cai, uas qee zaum ua rau ib leeg, keeb kwm tsis txaus cov lus xaus.

Kev mloog ntau tau them rau cov thawj coj ntawm Lavxias. suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th txoj kev kawm ntawm pej xeem nkauj. Muaj nuj nqis xav txog kev kos duab. Lavxias teb sab xwm. nar. nkauj, tus yam ntxwv nta ntawm nws cov melodic. warehouse, nws qhov tseem ceeb rau composer creativity belongs rau cov zoo masters ntawm lub fatherlands. music classics. VF Odoevsky tau sau tseg tias hauv nws cov haujlwm ntawm Nar. ntau tau tawm tswv yim rau zaj nkauj los ntawm Glinka. Nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm Stasov, Laroche thiab lwm cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab. suab paj nruag tseem ceeb xav ntsib muaj. excursions rau cheeb tsam creativity. Accumulated rau ser. 19th caug xyoo sau cov ntaub ntawv nkauj thiab nyob soj ntsuam ntawm nws lub neej xav tau kev tshawb fawb. generalizations thiab systematizations. Serov tsab xov xwm "Lavxias teb sab nkauj raws li ib tug kev kawm ntawm science" (1869-71) yog ib qho kev paub ntawm kev thuam. kev nkag siab thiab kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no nrog ib tug txhais. txoj haujlwm theoretical. Tus sau sim piav qhia lub voj voog tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej num thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm kev loj hlob muses. folklore raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb scientific. kev qhuab qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, nthuav tawm ntau qhov tseeb kev soj ntsuam thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov txheej txheem dav dav. kev txiav txim, Serov ua raws li kev xav yuam kev thoob plaws lub sijhawm ntawd lub hauv paus ntawm Lavxias. folk-song melody yog lwm Greek. fret system. Qhov kev pom no, uas tshwm sim hauv xyoo pua 18th. nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm classicism, tau txais nws heev qhia nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Yu. K. Arnold ("Theory of Old Russian Church and Folk Singing", 1880, etc.). Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov txiv neej. thiab suab paj nruag. folkloristics nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab. Xyoo 2th yog qhov qhib ntawm Lavxias teb sab nar. polyphony (Yu. N. Melgunov, HE Palchikov). HM Lopatin hauv kev taw qhia txog kev sau, luam tawm los ntawm nws ua ke nrog VP Prokunin (19), qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm Nar. lyric nkauj. Nyob rau hauv lub 1889s. systematic pib. kawm epic. nkauj kab lig kev cai. Nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub XIX thiab 60 centuries. EE Lineva thawj zaug pib siv Nar rau kev kaw. nkauj phonograph. Qhov no ua rau nws tuaj yeem tsim thiab kho qee yam ntawm lawv lub suab nyob, uas nyuaj rau hnov ​​los ntawm pob ntseg. Suab paj nruag-ethnographic. commission nyob rau hauv Moscow. un-te, tsim nyob rau hauv 19, los ua lub ntsiab. center rau kev kawm thiab kev tshaj tawm ntawm Nar. nkauj nyob rau xyoo pua 20th; nrog rau cov kws tshawb fawb pej xeem (AA Maslov, NA Yanchuk, thiab lwm tus), cov kws sau ntawv loj (Rimsky-Korsakov, Taneyev, Lyadov, Grechaninov) tau koom nrog nws txoj haujlwm.

Txawm hais tias lub hom phiaj ntawm feem ntau Russians. musicologists 19 thiab ntxov. Xyoo pua 20th muaj lus nug txog cov txiv neej. suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai, txawm li cas los xij, lawv nrhiav kev txiav txim siab lawv tus cwj pwm rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm zarub. suab paj nruag tam sim no. Muaj ntau ntse thiab insightful. cov lus hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Western European. composers, yam ntxwv otd. prod. pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom los ntawm Serov, Laroche, Tchaikovsky, thiab lwm yam critics thiab sau ntawv txog suab paj nruag. Nyob rau ntawm nplooj ntawv periodicals. luam tawm cov ntawv sau ntawm cov xwm txheej nrov, documentary biographical. cov ntaub ntawv, translations ntawm txawv teb chaws tej hauj lwm. cov kws sau ntawv. Los ntawm cov thawj tej hauj lwm yog ywj siab. scientific cov phau ntawv ntawm HP Khristianovich "Leters txog Chopin, Schubert thiab Schumann" (1876), RV Genika "Shuman thiab nws piano ua hauj lwm" (1907), VV Paskhalov "Chopin thiab Polish Folk Music" (1916-17) yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. ). Ib tug ntawm cov pioneers ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag AF Khristianovich tshwm nyob rau hauv Oriental kev tshawb fawb, uas cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub bunk belongs. suab paj nruag ntawm Algeria, luam tawm txawv teb chaws (“Esquisse historique de la musique arabe aux temps anciens…”, 1863). Kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag los ntawm PD Perepelitsyn, AS Razmadze, thiab LA Sakketi yog qhov sib sau ua ke. Nyob rau hauv 1908, lub Musical Theoretical Library Society tau tsim nyob rau hauv Moscow, uas teem ib tug ntawm nws cov hauj lwm los tsim cov lus nug ntawm classical music. cuab yeej cuab tam thiab creation ntawm scientific. collections ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv keeb kwm thiab txoj kev xav ntawm suab paj nruag. MV Ivanov-Boretsky thiab VA Bulychev tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua tiav txoj haujlwm no.

Peru qhov loj tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab composers koom rau cov hauj lwm los ntawm txawv. suab paj nruag-theoretical. Kev qhuab qhia: Glinka's "Notes on Instrumentation" sau tseg nyob rau hauv nws dictation los ntawm Serov (ed. 1856), Tchaikovsky's thiab Rimsky-Korsakov cov phau ntawv sib haum xeeb (1872 thiab 1885), Rimsky-Korsakov's "Fundamentals of Orchestration" (1913 Steinberg) saib hauv 1909 Steinberg. ). Cov haujlwm no feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm kev coj ua pedagogical, tab sis lawv kuj tau tsim qee qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev xav. thiab aesthetic kev txiav txim. Mathematical SI Taneyev txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb "Txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev sau ntawv nruj" (ed. 1929) yog qhov txawv ntawm kev sib haum xeeb thiab ua tiav ntawm lub tswv yim. Ib qho ntxiv rau nws yog posthumously luam tawm (1) "Kev qhia txog Canon". Taneyev kuj tau hais txog kev xav tob thiab cov lus hais txog cov lus nug ntawm daim ntawv, kev hloov kho, thiab lwm yam. Ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab thawj qhov ua tiav ntawm Rus. suab paj nruag theoretical pre-revolutionary xav xyoo yog qhov kev tshawb xav ntawm lub modal atherosclerosis ntawm BL Yavorsky, DOS. cov kev cai uas yog thawj zaug tau tsim los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm "Tus Qauv ntawm Kev Hais Suab Nkauj" (nqe 3-1908, XNUMX).

Hauv con. 19 – lus. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov neeg ntawm Russia tab tom tsim kev ua hauj lwm los kawm lawv nat. suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai, nthuav thiab thawj-minded neeg soj ntsuam tuaj rau pem hauv ntej. Tus tsim ntawm Ukrainian M. yog NV Lysenko, uas tsim cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Nar. music instruments ntawm Ukraine, hais txog cov neeg hais lus ntawm Ukrainian. nar. creativity - kobzars thiab lawv tej hauj lwm. Xyoo 1888, ib daim ntawv theoretical tau luam tawm. PP Sokalsky txoj hauj lwm "Lavxias teb sab Folk Music Great Lavxias teb sab thiab Me me Lavxias teb sab", nyob rau hauv uas ib tug zoo ib yam, txawm hais tias raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ib tug tej yam schematism, daim duab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv lub song kos duab ntawm sab hnub tuaj. koob meej. haiv neeg. Nyob rau xyoo 1900, thawj cov haujlwm ntawm ib tus kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm koob meej tshwm sim. nkauj hmoob FM Kolessa. Nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub XIX thiab 19 centuries. Komitas nteg lub hauv paus ntawm caj npab. scientific folklore. DI Arakishvili, nrog rau kev sau ntau haiv neeg. luam tawm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub 20s. kev tshawb fawb txog kev thauj khoom. nar. nkauj thiab nws lub neej. VD Korganov, uas yeej koob meej biography. ua haujlwm ntawm Mozart, Beethoven, Verdi, kuj tau kov rau hauv nws cov haujlwm dec. nkauj lus nug. kab lis kev cai ntawm Caucasus. A. Yuryan thiab E. Melngailis yog thawj cov neeg sau khoom loj thiab cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Letts. nar. nkauj.

Musicology nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Great Oct. socialist. lub kiv puag ncig tsim cov xwm txheej rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm scientific. kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm suab paj nruag ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ntawm lub USSR. Thawj thawj zaug nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws Soviet M. tau txais kev lees paub tias muaj kev ywj pheej. kev qhuab qhia. Cov kws tshaj lij tau tsim cov tsev kawm tshawb fawb uas tsim cov teeb meem ntawm dec. hom kev kos duab, suav nrog suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv 1921 nyob rau hauv Petrograd nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm scientific. tsev qiv ntawv ntawm kos duab ntawm VP Zubov, uas muaj nyob rau hauv 1912, lub Lavxias teb sab lub koom haum ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm Art twb nrhiav tau nrog ib tug department ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub suab paj nruag (tom qab ib tug series ntawm reorganizations nws twb hloov mus rau hauv ib tug scientific department ntawm lub Leningrad lub koom haum. Theatre, Suab paj nruag thiab Cinematography). Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, lub State Department tau tsim nyob rau hauv Moscow. Lub koom haum ntawm Suab paj nruag Science (HYMN) thiab Xeev. academy ntawm arts. Sciences (GAKhN). Qhov loj tshaj plaws niaj hnub kos duab historian tsim ntawm complex hom - Ying t ntawm keeb kwm ntawm arts, H.-i. nyob rau hauv-koj nrog tshwj xeeb Muaj cov suab paj nruag department nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm lub Union republics. M. raws li qhov tshwj xeeb yog suav nrog hauv cov suab paj nruag siab dua. kev kawm, nyob rau hauv conservatories, thiab lwm yam muses. universities muaj departments ntawm kev tshawb xav thiab keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag, to-rye yog kev tshawb fawb. ua haujlwm raws li thaj chaw.

Soviet lej, uas txhim kho nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Marxist-Leninist txoj kev, plays lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub socialist zog. suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai, pab daws teeb meem ceev ceev. cov dej num muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub neej, koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev zoo nkauj. kev kawm ntawm cov neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, owls musicologists tsim cov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev xav thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag, daws lawv txoj hauv kev tshiab hauv lub teeb ntawm lub ntsiab. cov kev cai ntawm dialectic. thiab keeb kwm materialism. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm 20s thiab 30s. vulgar sociological yuam kev lawm. kev txiav txim, uas tshwm sim los ntawm ib yam nkaus thiab ncaj thiab schematic txhais ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm daim ntawv thov-va nrog rau kev noj qab haus huv-economic. hauv paus. Kev kov yeej cov kev ua yuam kev no thiab ntxiv dag zog rau txoj haujlwm ntawm owls. M. tau pab txhawb rau cov dej num ntawm AV Lunacharsky ua ib tug kws ntaus nkauj. tus kws sau ntawv. Kev thuam qhov "thaum ntxov callous orthodoxy" ntawm vulgarizers ntawm Marxism, nws tau muab rau hauv nws cov suab paj nruag thiab keeb kwm. sketches thiab kev ua yeeb yam yog cov piv txwv ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub dec. suab paj nruag phenomena. Ib qho kev pab cuam dav dav thiab ntau yam rau kev tsim cov owls. M. tau muab tso tawm los ntawm BV Asafiev hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom "Niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab Musicology thiab Nws cov haujlwm keeb kwm" (1925). Hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem dav dav nrog rau kev tshawb fawb tob tob, Asafiev tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais tias kev tshawb fawb ntawm suab paj nruag yuav tsum nkag siab txog qhov xav tau ntawm lub neej thiab dhau los ua lub zog thiab kev coj ua ntawm muses. kev coj ua. Ib tug kws tshawb fawb ntawm kev pom zoo, nws txhawb nqa nrog nws cov haujlwm decomp. thaj chaw ntawm keeb kwm thiab theoretical M., mus rau ib qho ntawm cov noog loj tshaj plaws. kws suab paj nruag. tsev kawm ntawv. Nws muaj ntau yam haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias. thiab zarub. classical cuab yeej cuab tam thiab suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, txawv los ntawm cov tshiab ntawm kev soj ntsuam thiab lub subtlety ntawm lub aesthetic. tsom xam. Asafiev yog thawj zaug qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Stravinsky thiab lwm yam composers. Kev kov yeej cov kev xav-kev xav zoo li tus yam ntxwv ntawm nws hauv nws lub xyoo thaum ntxov. yuam kev, nws tuaj rau lub creation ntawm materialistic. txoj kev xav ntawm intonation, uas yuav pab qhia tawm ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev xav txog kev muaj tiag hauv suab paj nruag. Qhov kev xav no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua tiav ntawm Marxist suab paj nruag txoj kev xav. thiab aesthetic xav.

Hauv 20s. ntau lub tswv yim theoretical uas tau lees tias yog universal (txoj kev xav ntawm metrotectonism los ntawm GE Konyus, txoj kev xav ntawm ntau hom qauv thiab consonances los ntawm NA Garbuzov), txawm hais tias lawv tau piav qhia tsuas yog qee yam ntawm kev tsim thiab kev sib haum xeeb. cov qauv hauv suab paj nruag. Kev sib tham txog cov kev xav no tau pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm owls. theoretical M. Kev sib tham txog txoj kev xav ntawm modal atherosclerosis (1930) tau txais cov nplai tshwj xeeb. Nws thuam qhov tsis sib xws, cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm qhov kev xav no thiab tau hais tawm nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo, uas tuaj yeem txhawb cov owls. science ntawm suab paj nruag. Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm owls. theoretical M. yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev tsom xam, pab qhia lub tswv yim thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov muses. prod. Cov haujlwm ntawm LA Mazel thiab VA Zukkerman yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam no. Raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Marxist-Leninist aesthetics, lawv tau tsim txoj kev hu ua . holistic tsom xam, tshawb nrhiav daim ntawv ntawm muses. prod. raws li ib tug system ntawm lub koom haum ntawm tag nrho cov yuav qhia. txhais tau hais tias ua hauj lwm rau kev ua raws li tau hais tseg. muaj. kev xav. Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev no kuj tau ua los ntawm SS Skrebkov, VV Protopopov, I. Ya. Ryzhkin, thiab VP Bobrovsky. Ib txhij yog tsim los ntawm theoretical ceg. M. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm GL Catoire “Theoretical course of harmony” (part 1-2, 1924-25), raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub tsev kawm ua haujlwm, muab ib qho tshiab, thawj txhais ntawm qee yam ntawm nws qhov. Dep. cov kev cai ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau tsim ntxiv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm IV Sposobina, SV Evseev thiab lwm yam. kev loj hlob. Txoj kev xav ntawm kev hloov pauv tau tsim los ntawm Yu. N. Tyulin muab tus yuam sij rau kev nkag siab ntau. tshiab kev sib haum xeeb. phenomena nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Cov lus nug ntawm niaj hnub ua hauj lwm ntawm SS Skrebkov, Yu. N. Kholopov thiab lwm tus kws sau ntawv kuj mob siab rau kev sib haum xeeb. Nyob rau hauv lub peev ua hauj lwm ntawm LA Mazel "Cov teeb meem ntawm classical kev sib raug zoo" (1972), combining theoretical. nam ntawm kev tshawb fawb nrog keeb kwm thiab zoo nkauj, evolution ntawm harmonics yog dav them. kev xav txij li xyoo pua 18th.

SS Bogatyrev tau tsim thiab ntxiv qee yam ntawm SI Taneyev cov lus qhia ntawm mobile counterpoint.

BV Protopopov tsim ib tug series ntawm tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm polyphony. Cov lus nug ntawm polyphony nrog dec. sab yog them nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm AN Dmitriev, SV Evseev, SS Skrebkov.

Kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb hauv cov owls. M. yog cov hauj lwm ntawm NA Garbuzov thiab nws scientific. cov tsev kawm ntawv uas sawv ntawm verge ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm suab paj nruag thiab acoustics. Txoj kev xav ntawm thaj tsam ntawm qhov hnov ​​​​lus tsim los ntawm Garbuzov (saib. Zone) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev daws qee cov suab paj nruag-theoretical. teeb meem. Qhov kev taw qhia no kuj yog ib feem ntawm kev sib cuag nrog thaj tsam ntawm muses. psychology, nthuav tawm hauv owls. science ntawm suab paj nruag los ntawm kev kawm ntawm EA Maltseva, BM Teplov, EV Nazaykinsky thiab lwm yam.

Kev loj hlob ntawm suab paj nruag-keeb kwm. science nyob rau hauv lub 20s. tau nyuaj thiab ncua los ntawm Rapmov-proletkult nihilistic. txoj kev qub txeeg qub teg. Kev thuam ntawm cov nyiam no hauv ntau cov ntaub ntawv tog thiab cov lus hais los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm tog thiab tsoomfwv tau pab cov plas. keeb kwm M. kom meej meej txhais lawv cov dej num thiab methodological. txoj cai. Tom qab lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig thawj zaug tau txais ib tug dav thiab systematic. tus cwj pwm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm ntawm fatherlands. cuab yeej cuab tam. Asafiev cov hauj lwm "Symphonic Etudes" (1922), "Lavxias teb sab Suab paj nruag los ntawm Pib ntawm 1930th Century" (18) thiab nws lub voj voog monographic. Kev sau ntawv thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv ntawm Rus. suab paj nruag cov classics txhais ib theem tshiab nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no, txawm hais tias tsis yog txhua yam nyob rau hauv lawv yog indisputable thiab ib co ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm view qhia ces tau tom qab kho thiab ib feem ntawm tus sau. Ntawm qhov pib thiab ntawm tes. Asafiev, ib tug series ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. suab paj nruag ntawm xyoo 1927th, suav nrog Sat. "Suab paj nruag thiab suab paj nruag lub neej ntawm qub Russia" (1928). Nyob rau hauv 29-1922, HP Findeisen cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb "Essays on the History of Music in Russia from Ancient Times to the End of the 1th Century" tau luam tawm. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshawb fawb thiab documentary-biographical. Cov ntaub ntawv tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub collections "Orpheus" (3, edited los ntawm AV Ossovsky), "Musical Chronicle" (tsim 1922-25, edited los ntawm AN Rimsky-Korsakov, 1-4), "Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Music nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab cov ntaub ntawv" (vols. 1924-27, edited by KA Kuznetsov, XNUMX-XNUMX). Qhov txawv. ob sab ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag VV Yakovlev cov kev tshawb fawb, raws li kev kawm tag nrho ntawm cov thawj qhov chaw, tau mob siab rau kev coj noj coj ua. Ua tsaug rau cov ntawv nyeem zoo thiab tsis meej pem cov haujlwm ua los ntawm PA Lamm tau tswj hwm los kho tus thawj sau cov ntawv ntawm Mussorgsky, tso lub teeb tshiab ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv no.

Kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab. suab paj nruag txuas ntxiv yuav siv zog ua nyob rau lub sijhawm tom ntej. Txhawb kev tshawb fawb tshiab. cov rog pab txhawb kev nthuav dav ntawm kev tshawb fawb pem hauv ntej, npog decomp. epochs thiab ntau yam ntawm phenomena Rus. suab paj nruag yav dhau los. Cov monographs loj tau tsim. ua haujlwm ntawm classics ntawm Lavxias teb sab. suab paj nruag (BV Asafiev txog Glinka, MS Pekelis txog Dargomyzhsky, NV Tumanina txog Tchaikovsky, AN Sohora txog Borodino, GN Khubov txog Mussorgsky, AA Solovtsov txog Korsakov, LA Barenboim txog AG Rubinstein, thiab lwm yam), collections (hauv 2 vols. txog Glazu, thiab lwm yam) , nyob rau hauv 3 vols. txog Balakirev, thiab lwm yam), siv cov ntaub ntawv xws li "chronicles ntawm lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm". Kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshiab hauv Lavxias txuas ntxiv. suab paj nruag ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntej Glinka. Cov hauj lwm ntawm BV Dobrokhotov, BS Steinpress, AS Rozanov thiab lwm tus tau nkag mus rau hauv kev tshawb fawb. kev siv ntau yam tsis paub tseeb yav dhau los tau ua rau rov qab mus rau lub neej ntawm cov khoom tsis raug cai tsis nco qab. Cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm TN Livanova "Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua 1th" (vols. 2-1952, 53-3), AA Gozenpud "Lavxias teb sab opera theatre ntawm lub xyoo pua 1969" (72 phau ntawv, 17-1). Cov hauj lwm ntawm MV Brazhnikov, VM Belyaev, ND Uspensky yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm txog kev sau nkauj. cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm ancient Russia. Muses. kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua 3th tau txais kev pab tshiab nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm TN Livanova, SS Skrebkov, VV Protopopov. Cov dab neeg Cov hauj lwm ntawm AD Alekseev thiab VI Muzalevsky (piano suab paj nruag), VA Vasina-Grossman thiab OE Levasheva (chamber vocal lyrics), AS Rabinovich (opera ntawm lub pre-Glinka lub sij hawm) yog mob siab rau ib hom ntawv nyeem, AA Gozenpud (ib tug voj voog ntawm phau ntawv hais txog Lavxias teb sab operatic music), IM Yampolsky (violin art), LS Ginzburg (cello art), LN Raaben (chamber instr. Ensemble), thiab lwm yam. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm suab paj nruag-tseem ceeb. thiab aesthetic xav nyob rau hauv Russia yog them nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Yu. A. Kremlev "Lavxias teb sab xav txog suab paj nruag" (vols. 1954-60, 1-1) thiab TN Livanova "Opera thuam nyob rau hauv Russia" (vol. 2, qhov teeb meem 2-3; v. 4, qhov teeb meem 1966-73, 1- 1; v. 1, qhov teeb meem 3, ua ke nrog VV Protopopov). txhais tau tias. muaj kev ua tiav hauv kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab cov peev txheej hauv Lavxias. suab paj nruag. Cov lus piav qhia dav dav The History of Russian Music in Musical Samples (vols. 1-1940, 52st ed., 18-19) nthuav tawm ntau yam haujlwm me me. 1972 thiab thaum ntxov 18th centuries Txij li thaum XNUMX, cov yeeb yam "Monuments ntawm Lavxias teb sab Suab paj nruag Art" tau luam tawm, txoj hauj lwm uas yog ib tug systematic. kev txhim kho thiab luam tawm cov ntawv sau keeb kwm ntawm Rus. suab paj nruag los ntawm ancient sij hawm mus rau thaum xaus. Lub xyoo pua XNUMX Kev tshawb fawb loj. thiab textological. ua haujlwm ua ntej tshaj tawm kev kawm. sau tej hauj lwm ntawm Glinka, Rimsky-Korsakov, Mussorgsky, Tchaikovsky (nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ib feem, tsis suav cov sau tej hauj lwm ntawm Mussorgsky, lawv tag nrho cov tiav).

Ua tsaug rau ntau qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab thiab tsim muaj cov ntaub ntawv sau tau tseeb. cov ntaub ntawv, in-depth kawm thiab tsom xam muaj tswv yim phenomena keeb kwm rus. nkauj tau txais lub teeb tshiab. Cov lus dab neeg hais txog nws lub xeev thiab kev rov qab los, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej kev hloov pauv, raug tshem tawm. sij hawm. Cov kev ua tiav ntawm owls. keeb kwm M. tau ua lub hauv paus rau kev sib sau ua haujlwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias. music, ed. MS Pekelis (vol. 1-2, 1940), NV Tumanina (vol. 1-3, 1957-60), AI Kandinsky (vol. 1, 1972), “History of Russian Music” Yu. V. Keldysh (sab 1-3, 1947-54). Cov haujlwm uas tau teev tseg yog npaj rau kev siv hauv tsev kawm qib siab pedagogical. xyaum raws li phau ntawv los yog uch. cov txiaj ntsig, tab sis qee qhov ntawm lawv muaj thiab tshawb fawb. khoom.

Hauv 40s. muaj thawj zaug sim qhia cov owls dhau lawm. suab paj nruag yog txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug holistic keeb kwm. foundations, critically tsom xam thiab ntsuam xyuas tag nrho nws achievements thiab shortcomings. Hauv qee qhov haujlwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm owls. suab paj nruag raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm dogmatic. kev teeb tsa, uas coj mus rau qhov tsis raug, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tsis zoo txhais tau tias. muaj tswv yim phenomena thiab belittling tag nrho cov achievements ntawm owls. suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub 20th Congress ntawm CPSU thiab unfolding nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab. 2s dav creativity. kev sib tham, cov kev txiav txim yuam kev no tau raug kho dua tshiab, lub hom phiaj ntau dua tau ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm owls. suab paj nruag raws li ib tug socialist kos duab. kev muaj tiag. Nyob rau hauv 50-1956, Keeb Kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag (vols. 63-1) tau luam tawm, tsim los ntawm ib pab neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Arts. Nws yog thawj qhov tseem ceeb ua haujlwm keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm owls. suab paj nruag, characterized by abundance, dav ntawm kev pab them nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab tag nrho ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Kev loj hlob owl hom. suab paj nruag Cov hauj lwm ntawm VM Bogdanov-Berezovsky (opera), AN Sohor (suab paj nruag), thiab lwm yam tau mob siab rau kev muaj tswv yim. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov hauj lwm monographic tau sau. tshawb fawb, tseem ceeb thiab biographical. thiab analytic essays ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm owls zoo. composers. Ntawm lawv yog cov hauj lwm ntawm IV Livanova txog Myaskovsky, GN Khubov txog Khachaturian, AN Sohor txog Sviridov thiab lwm yam.

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm lub Union republics, cadres ntawm musicologists tau tsim, tsim teeb meem cuam tshuam rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm dec. nat. kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau hauv 1922, ib tsab ntawv keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Ukrainian. music los ntawm NA Grinchenko. Nws kuj muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm monographs. essays txog Ukrainian laus composers. Xyoo 1925, ib phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv tau luam tawm. sau ntawv cargo. music by DI Arakishvili. Ib phau ntawv dav dav txog keeb kwm ntawm nat. suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai ntawm lub USSR, npog decomp. theem ntawm lawv tsim thiab kev loj hlob. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb hnyav. lab pl. cov kws tshawb fawb thiab pab pawg tshawb fawb. Tsiaj txhu. pab txhawb rau txoj kev kawm ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub USSR, ob leeg Soviet thiab pre-revolutionary. Lub sijhawm tau qhia los ntawm LB Arkhimovich, NM Gordeychuk, VD Dovzhenko, A. Ya. Shreer-Tkachenko (Ukraine), VG Donadze, AG Tsulukidze, GZ Chkhikvadze, G Sh. Ordzhonikidze (Georgia), RA Atayan, G. Sh. Geodakyan, GG Tigranov, AI Shaverdyan (Armenia), EA Abasova, KA Kasimov (Azerbaijan), Ya. Yog. Vitolin (Latvia), Yu. K. Gaudrimas (Lithuania), FM Karomatov, TS Vyzgo (Uzbekistan), AK Zhubanov, BG Erzakovich (Kazakhstan), thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm ntau pab pawg neeg sau ntawv, nrog rau musicologists los ntawm tag nrho cov Union republics, tsim cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb " Keeb kwm ntawm Suab paj nruag ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub USSR los ntawm 1917 "(5 vols., 1970-74), nyob rau hauv uas ib tug sim ua kom nthuav qhia kev loj hlob ntawm multinational. owls. suab paj nruag raws li ib tug complex txheej txheem raws li tsis tu ncua loj hlob muaj zog thiab sib sib zog nqus ties ntawm art decomp. haiv neeg ntawm lub teb chaws.

Owls. M. tau pab txhawb rau kev tsim cov lus nug txawv teb chaws. suab paj nruag keeb kwm. Hauv cheeb tsam no tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb. thiab pedagogical cov dej num ntawm MV Ivanov-Boretsky thiab KA Kuznetsov, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm cov kab lis kev cai thiab erudition, uas tsim ntau heev. cov tsev kawm ntawv tshawb fawb. Los ntawm con. 20s ci ntsa iab sau ntawv los ntawm II Sollertinsky tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv uas ci portraits ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm Western Europeans yog kos. composers - los ntawm classical. masters ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th rau Mahler thiab R. Strauss. Ntau yam suab paj nruag-keeb kwm. Cov teeb meem tau tshwm sim hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm MS Druskin, VD Konen, TN Livanova, VE Ferman. Creativity ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws. composers mob siab rau ntau heev. Monographic kev tshawb fawb, ntawm to-rykh hauv nplai thiab scientific. AA Alschwang cov haujlwm ntawm Beethoven, DV Zhitomirsky ntawm Schumann, VD Konen ntawm Monteverdi, Yu. A. Kremlev ntawm Debussy, OE Levasheva ntawm Grieg, thiab Ya. I. Milshtein ntawm Liszt, IV Nestyev txog Bartok, Yu. N. Khokhlova txog Schubert, AA Khokhlovkina txog Berlioz. Kev tshawb fawb loj Ib qho kev tshwm sim yog kev tshaj tawm ntawm Beethoven cov ntawv kos duab khaws cia hauv Moscow, npaj los ntawm NL Fishman thiab luam tawm ua ke nrog nws cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws. kev tshawb fawb. Kev txaus siab rau cov teeb meem ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog loj hlob, ib tug xov tooj ntawm collections, kev tshawb fawb thiab monographs tau mob siab rau nws, nrog rau cov hauj lwm ntawm MS Druskin, IV Nestyev, GM Schneerson, BM Yarustovsky. Tshwj xeeb mloog rau owls. musicologists muab suab paj nruag. socialist kab lis kev cai. lub teb chaws. Peev ua haujlwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Czech thiab Polish suab paj nruag tau tsim los ntawm IF Belza. IM Martynov, LV Polyakova, thiab lwm tus kuj ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam no. Ntawm cov haujlwm dav dav ntawm keeb kwm ntawm txawv teb chaws. suab paj nruag yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub tswv yim, kev nplua nuj thiab ntau yam ntawm cov khoom "The History of Musical Culture" los ntawm RI Gruber (vol. 1, part 1-2, vol. 2, part 1-2, 1941-59), nyob rau hauv uas tus sau nrhiav los qhia txog lub ntiaj teb no txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob muses. kev foob los ntawm Marxist txoj hauj lwm (exposition coj mus rau lub xyoo pua 16th).

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm dav Cov khoom siv yog ua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev xav ntawm decomp. hom ntawv. Cov lus nug ntawm opera dramaturgy yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv thiab cov khoom los ntawm VE Ferman, MS Druskin, BM Yarustovsky. Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm VA Vasina-Grossman, cov teeb meem ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm suab paj nruag thiab paj huam raug suav hais tias. cov lus ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub chamber wok. kev muaj tswv yim. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm VD Konen "Theatre thiab Symphony" (1968), kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag ntawm kev tsim cov thematic thiab cov qauv ntawm cov suab paj nruag classic yog taug qab. symphonies.

Qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws tshiab. Cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub USSR txiav txim siab ib tug zoo txaus siab nyob rau hauv lus dab neeg raws li ib tug ntawm cov qhov chaw ntawm lawv originality thiab tseem ceeb heev. Ua haujlwm ntawm kev sau thiab kawm bunks. ice creativity tau dav dav nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov owls. Republics. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tshiab tau raug tsa, kab lis kev cai tau pom thawj zaug, uas tseem yuav luag tsis paub txog thaum Lub Kaum Hli. kiv puag ncig. A. AT. Zataevich, tus kws sau paj lug. kev ua haujlwm rau-rogo pib nyob rau hauv lub 20s., tig tawm los ua ib tug pioneer nyob rau hauv lub systematic. sau thiab sau Kazakh. Nr music. Cov haujlwm ntawm V. A. Uspensky thiab E. E. Romanovskaya yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txoj kev kawm ntawm Uzbek. thiab Turkmen. lus dab neeg. C. A. Malikyan, uas luam tawm xyoo 1931 cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Arm. Nar nkauj ua los ntawm Komitas thaum pib. Xyoo pua 20th, txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam no thiab ua ntau tshaj li ib txhiab tshiab kaw. Cov txiaj ntsig tau txais txiaj ntsig tau muab los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke. thiab kev tshawb fawb. kev ua G. Z. Chkhikvadze hauv Georgia, Ya. Churlyonite hauv Lithuania, X. Tampere hauv Estonia, B. G. Erzakovich nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan, G. THIAB. Tsytovich nyob rau hauv Belarus thiab lwm yam. Rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tshiab tshaj tawm Rus. Cov lus dab neeg muaj xws li cov khoom sau ntawm A. M Listopadov "Cov Nkauj ntawm Don Cossacks" (vol. 1–5, 1949–54). Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, kev ua hauj lwm tab tom ua rau lawv scientific, theoretical. kev nkag siab. Lub hom phiaj ntawm owls folklore yog cov lus nug ntsig txog kev kawm txog cov cim thiab keeb kwm ntawm nat. peculiarities ntawm suab paj nruag haiv neeg, evolution ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv lawv tej kev sib raug zoo thiab niaj hnub conditionality, tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm muses. lus. Keeb kwm plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov no. thiab sociologist. Yam. Raws li ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm decomp. nat. kab lis kev cai. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm A. D. Kastalsky "Txoj Cai ntawm pej xeem-Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag" (1923) thiab "Fundamentals of folk polyphony" (tshaj tawm posthumously, ed. AT. M Belyaeva, 1948) sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov kev soj ntsuam mus sij hawm ntev ntawm kev sib haum xeeb. phenomena tshwm sim los ntawm polygonal. tshuaj lom. kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Nar nkauj raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws qhov kev peculiar ntawm lub suab ua. Nrog nees. 20s Lavxias teb sab ice dab neeg tau tsim raws txoj kev ntawm qhov sib txawv. kawm txog cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam. Cov lus qhia no tau nthuav tawm hauv cov haujlwm ntawm E. AT. Gippius thiab Z. AT. Ewald, yav tom ntej nws txuas ntxiv los ntawm F. A. Rubtsova A. AT. Rudneva thiab lwm tus. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev kawm tshwj xeeb yog zaj nkauj ua haujlwm, uas tau mob siab rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm E. AT. Gipius, L. L. Christiansen thiab lwm tus. Tsim cov hauj lwm ntawm cov niaj hnub. cov tsiaj. lus dab neeg - Russian (T. AT. Popov), Belarusian (L. C. Mukharinskaya) thiab lwm yam. Zoo tshaj Ukrainian. musicologist-folklorist K. AT. Kvitka rov qab rau hauv 20s. muab tso rau pem hauv ntej thiab substantiated txoj kev sib piv. kawm txog dab neeg. haiv neeg. Txoj kev no tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhim kho keeb kwm. teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov nkauj thiab hom suab paj nruag. xav. Ua raws li Kvitka, nws tau ua tiav hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm V. L. Goshovsky hauv Ukraine, F. A. Rubtsov hauv RSFSR. Loj scientific nqi yog generalizing theoretical. cov haujlwm ntawm W. Gadzhibekov "Fundamentals of Azerbaijani Folk Music" (1945), X. C. Kushnarev "Cov lus nug ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev xav ntawm Armenian monodic music" (1958). Hauv ntau cov haujlwm ntawm V. M Belyaev yog illuminated los ntawm Nar. creativity lwm yam. haiv neeg ntawm lub Soviet Union, tsim general theoretical. teeb meem suab paj nruag. lus dab neeg; nws tau ua ib qho txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau kev kawm suab paj nruag. cultures Peb. Asia. Ib qho ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm Central Asian haiv neeg (chap. sij hawm tuaj txog. Kyrgyz) yog V. C. Vinogradov, uas kuj muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm zarub suab paj nruag. haiv neeg ntawm Asia thiab Africa. Tus kws tshaj lij. tej hauj lwm yog devoted rau Nar. cov cuab yeej dej khov, to-rye kawm owls. cov kws tshawb fawb hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog kev muaj tswv yim. thiab ua. kev coj noj coj ua, nrog rau kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ua neej ntawm ntau haiv neeg. Kev nplua nuj thiab ntau haiv neeg ntawm nkauj. multinational toolkit. Lub teb chaws ntawm Soviets yog xav txog hauv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb "Atlas of Musical Instruments of the Peoples of the USSR" (1963), tsim nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm cov plas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev ntsuas ntsuas K.

Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev tshawb xav thiab keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag-kev ua yeeb yam. Tej hauj lwm ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yog cov hauj lwm ntawm BA Struve (bowed instruments) thiab GM Kogan (fp.). Qhov txawv. teeb meem suab paj nruag. AD Alekseev, LA Barenboim, LS Ginzburg, Ya. I. Milshtein, AA Nikolaev, LN Raaben, SI Savshinsky, IM Yampolsky thiab lwm tus. Qhov tseem ceeb theoretical. Cov kev cai tau qhia nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm ntawm cov masters-performers zoo heev AB Goldenweiser, GG Neuhaus, SE Feinberg, xaus lawv cov tswv yim ua hauj lwm. thiab pedagogical kev paub.

Qhov tseem ceeb hauv USSR yog txuas nrog rau kev ua haujlwm hauv kev ua suab paj nruag. Cov ntawv sau cia (saib Cov Ntawv Teev Npe Suab paj nruag) thiab lexicography. Nyob rau hauv lub pre-revolutionary nyob rau hauv Russia, xws li tej hauj lwm tsis muaj ntau heev thiab tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov tib neeg (NM Lisovsky, HP Findeisen). Tom qab Lub Kaum Hli Revolution mus.-bibliographic. ua hauj lwm ua ntau systematic. tus cwj pwm, tso siab rau cov nyiaj ntawm cov phau ntawv loj tshaj plaws thiab cov suab paj nruag tso nyiaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg. Nyob rau hauv lub 20s thiab 30s. ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm suab paj nruag. phau ntawv sau tau tsim los ntawm ZF Savyolova, AN Rimsky-Korsakov, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis txoj haujlwm no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim los ntawm 50s. Muaj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb xws li "Musical Bibliography of the Russian Periodical Press of the 1960th Century" los ntawm TN Livanova (tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv cais txij li 1), biobibliographic. phau ntawv txhais lus “Leej twg sau txog suab paj nruag” los ntawm GB Bernandt thiab IM Yampolsky (vols. 2-1971, 74-XNUMX). txhais tau tias. pab txhawb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm owls. suab paj nruag Bibliographies thiab lexicographies tau pab los ntawm HH Grigorovich, AN Dolzhansky, GB Koltypina, SL Uspenskaya, BS Steinpress, thiab lwm yam.

Hauv 60-70s. xim pl. owls. musicologists tau attracted rau lub sociological. teeb meem, ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm cov suab paj nruag tshwm. Sociology (AN Sohora thiab lwm yam), kev sim tau ua nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev sociological tshwj xeeb. kev tshawb fawb.

Marxist-Leninist kev tshawb fawb. lub tswv yim ntawm suab paj nruag yog ntse tsim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov socialist. lub teb chaws. Cov kws kho suab paj nruag ntawm cov tebchaws no tau tsim cov haujlwm tseem ceeb rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis. cov lus nug ntawm kev xav thiab keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag. zoo nkauj. Ntawm cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm M. socialist. lub teb chaws – B. Sabolci, J. Maroti, J. Uyfalushshi (Hungary), Z. Lissa, Y. Khominsky (Poland), A. Sykhra, J. Ratsek (Czechoslovakia), V. Cosma, O. Cosma (Romania), E. Mayer, G. Knepler (GDR), V. Krystev, S. Stoyanov, D. Hristov (Bulgaria), J. Andrejs, S. Djurich-Kline, D. Cvetko (Yugoslavia) thiab lwm yam. pab txhawb rau kev sib txuas lus nyob ze ntawm socialist musicologists. lub teb chaws, kev sib pauv kev paub tsis tu ncua, kev sib tham sib koom ua ke thiab symposia ntawm cov ntsiab lus theoretical. lus nug.

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Yu.V. Keldysh