Bass guitar: nws yog dab tsi, nws suab li cas, keeb kwm, hom, yuav ua li cas xaiv

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob guitar tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov nkauj nrov niaj hnub no. Lub bass guitar, uas tshwm sim nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, sab laug tsis deb ntawm nws.

Dab tsi yog bass guitar

Lub bass guitar yog ib txoj hlua plucked suab paj nruag. Lub hom phiaj yog ua si nyob rau hauv lub bass thaj tsam. Feem ntau cov twj paj nruag yog siv los ua ntu ntu. Qee tus neeg ua si siv cov ntses bass thaj tsam ua cov cuab yeej siv lead ua, xws li band Primus.

Bass guitar ntaus ntawv

Cov qauv ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam feem ntau rov ua cov hluav taws xob guitar. Cov cuab yeej muaj ib lub lawj thiab caj dab. Nyob rau hauv lub cev yog tus choj, eeb, regulators thiab pickup. Lub caj dab muaj frets. Cov hlua yog txuas nrog pegs ntawm lub taub hau, nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm lub caj dab.

Muaj 3 txoj hauv kev los txuas lub caj dab rau lub lawj:

• bolted;
• muab tshuaj;
• dhau los.

Nrog ib tug los ntawm fastening, lub soundboard thiab caj dab raug txiav los ntawm tib tsob ntoo. Bolt-on qauv yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa.

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim los ntawm cov hluav taws xob guitar yog qhov loj ntawm lub cev thiab qhov dav ntawm lub caj dab. Cov hlua tuab yog siv. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlua hauv cov qauv feem ntau yog 4. Qhov ntev ntawm cov nplai yog yuav luag 2,5 cm ntev dua. Tus naj npawb ntawm frets yog 19-24.

Suab nrov

Bass guitar muaj ntau lub suab. Tab sis vim muaj tsawg tus lej ntawm cov hlua, nws tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau tag nrho cov kab bass thaj tsam, yog li cov cuab yeej tau hloov mus rau hom suab paj nruag uas xav tau.

Tus qauv tuning yog EADG. Siv ntau hom, los ntawm jazz mus rau pop thiab pob zeb nyuaj.

Kev tsim tawm yog nrov. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm Dropped yog hais tias lub suab ntawm ib tug ntawm cov hlua yog txawv heev nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm tus so. Piv txwv li: DADG. Txoj hlua kawg yog kho lub suab qis hauv G, lub suab ntawm tus so tsis hloov. Hauv C#-G#-C#-F# tuning, plaub txoj hlua yog qis dua los ntawm 1,5 tones, tshuav los ntawm 0,5.

ADGCF's 5-txoj hlua tuning siv cov zawj thiab nu hlau bands. Piv nrog rau tus qauv tuning, lub suab poob qis dua.

Punk pob zeb yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv cov kev sib tw siab. Piv txwv li: FA#-D#-G# – tag nrho cov hlua tsa ib nrab lub suab.

Keeb kwm ntawm bass guitar

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub bass guitar yog ob lub bass. Ob chav ntses bass thaj tsam yog lub suab paj nruag loj heev uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm violin, viol thiab cello. Lub suab ntawm qhov ntsuas tau qis heev thiab nplua nuj, tab sis qhov loj me yog qhov tsis zoo. Kev nyuaj nrog kev thauj mus los, kev cia khoom, thiab kev siv ntsug tsim ib qho kev thov rau ib qho khoom siv me me thiab sib dua.

Xyoo 1912, Lub Tuam Txhab Gibson tau tso cov ntses bass thaj tsam mandolin. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias qhov txo qhov ntev pib hnyav dua piv rau ob lub bass thaj tsam, qhov invention tsis tau siv dav. Los ntawm xyoo 1930, kev tsim cov ntses bass thaj tsam mandolins tau tso tseg.

Thawj bass guitar nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv niaj hnub tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Tus sau ntawm qhov invention yog ib tug kws craftsman Paul Tutmar los ntawm lub teb chaws USA. Lub bass guitar yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv zoo ib yam li hluav taws xob guitar. Lub caj dab tau txawv los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm frets. Nws yuav tsum tuav lub twj paj nruag zoo li lub guitar tsis tu ncua.

Nyob rau xyoo 1950, Fender thiab Fullerton thawj zaug tsim hluav taws xob bass guitar. Fender Electronics tso tawm Precision Bass, Ameslikas hu ua P-Bass. Cov qauv tsim tau txawv los ntawm qhov muaj nyob ntawm ib qho kev xaiv ib leeg. Qhov tshwm sim tau nco txog ntawm Fender Stratocaster hluav taws xob guitar.

Xyoo 1953, Monk Montgomery ntawm Lionel Hampton cov pab pawg tau los ua thawj tus neeg ntaus ntses bass thaj tsam ncig xyuas nrog Fender's bass. Montgomery tseem ntseeg tau tias tau ua thawj zaug hauv hluav taws xob bass kaw rau ntawm Art Farmer Septet album.

Lwm tus pioneers ntawm fender ntsuas yog Roy Johnson thiab Shifty Henry. Bill Black, uas ua si nrog Elvis Presley, tau siv Fender Precision txij li xyoo 1957. Qhov tshiab nyiam tsis yog cov qub ob tus ntses bass thaj tsam xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov guitarists zoo tib yam. Piv txwv li, Paul McCartney ntawm The Beatles yog thawj tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag tab sis tom qab hloov mus rau ntses bass thaj tsam. McCartney siv German Hofner 500/1 electro-acoustic bass guitar. Cov duab tshwj xeeb ua rau lub cev zoo li violin.

Nyob rau xyoo 1960, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm pob zeb suab paj nruag skyrocketed. Ntau lub tuam txhab, suav nrog Yamaha thiab Tisco, tab tom pib tsim hluav taws xob bass guitars. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 60s, "Fender Jazz Bass" raug tso tawm, Ameslikas hu ua "deluxe bass". Kev tsim ntawm lub cev yog tsim los ua kom yooj yim rau cov neeg ua si los ntawm kev tso cai rau lawv ua si hauv qhov chaw zaum.

Xyoo 1961, Fender VI rau-txoj hlua bass guitar raug tso tawm. Kev tsim ntawm qhov tshiab yog octave qis dua qhov classical. Qhov ntsuas yog rau saj ntawm Jack Bruce los ntawm lub pob zeb band "Cream". Tom qab ntawd nws hloov nws mus rau "EB-31" - ib tug qauv nrog ib tug compact loj. Lub EB-31 tau paub qhov txawv ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm mini-humbucker ntawm tus choj.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-70s, high-end instrument manufacturers pib tsim ib tug tsib-txoj hlua version ntawm bass guitar. Txoj hlua "B" tau hloov mus rau lub suab qis heev. Xyoo 1975, Luthier Carl Thompson tau txais kev txiav txim rau 6-txoj hlua bass guitar. Qhov kev txiav txim tau tsim raws li hauv qab no: B0-E1-A1-D2-G2-C-3. Tom qab ntawd, cov qauv zoo li no tau pib hu ua "ntxiv ntses bass thaj tsam". Cov qauv txuas ntxiv tau txais kev muaj koob meej ntawm kev sib tham bass players. Yog vim li cas yog tias tsis tas yuav tsum nquag kho qhov ntsuas.

Txij li thaum xyoo 80s, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv cov ntses bass thaj tsam. Qhov zoo ntawm pickups thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua, tab sis cov hauv paus tseem zoo li qub. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog cov qauv kev sim, xws li cov ntses bass thaj tsam acoustic raws li acoustic guitar.

Hom

Hom bass guitars ib txwm sib txawv ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov pickups. Muaj cov hom hauv qab no:

• Precision ntses bass thaj tsam. Qhov chaw ntawm lub pickups yog nyob ze ntawm lub cev axis. Lawv tau nruab rau hauv cov qauv checkerboard, ib qho tom qab lwm qhov.
• Jazz ntses bass thaj tsam. Pickups ntawm hom no yog hu ua singles. Lawv nyob deb ntawm ib leeg. Lub suab thaum ua si xws li twj paj nruag yog ntau dynamic thiab varied.
• Combo ntses bass thaj tsam. Cov qauv tsim muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm jazz thiab precision bass. Ib kab ntawm pickups yog staggered, thiab ib zaug yog mounted hauv qab no.
• Humbucker. 2 coils ua raws li tus neeg nqa khoom. Cov coils tau txuas nrog lub phaj hlau ntawm lub cev. Nws muaj lub suab muaj zog.

Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev faib ua fretted thiab fretless variants. Fretless fretboards tsis muaj txiv ntseej, thaum clamped, cov hlua khi ncaj qha rau saum npoo. Qhov kev xaiv no yog siv rau hauv cov qauv ntawm jazz fusion, funk, progressive hlau. Cov qauv fretless tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv ib tug bass guitar

Ib tug pib tau pom zoo pib nrog 4-txoj hlua qauv. Qhov no yog hom cuab yeej siv ntau tshaj plaws siv hauv txhua hom nrov. Ntawm ib lub guitar uas muaj ntau txoj hlua, lub caj dab thiab txoj hlua sib nrug yog dav dua. Kev kawm ua si 5 lossis 6 txoj hlua bass yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua thiab nyuaj dua. Nws yog qhov ua tau los pib nrog rau rau txoj hlua, yog tias tus neeg paub tseeb ntawm qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev ua si uas yuav tsum tau ua. Xya-txoj hlua bass guitar yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm tsuas yog cov kws paub txog tshuab raj. Tsis tas li ntawd, beginners tsis pom zoo kom yuav cov qauv fretless.

Acoustic bass guitars tsis tshua muaj. Acoustics suab ntsiag to thiab tsis muaj feem xyuam rau cov neeg tuaj saib coob. Lub caj dab feem ntau yog luv dua.

Ib tug guitar luthier hauv lub khw muag suab paj nruag tuaj yeem pab koj xaiv cov ntses bass thaj tsam. Independently, nws yog tsim nyog los xyuas qhov ntsuas rau curvature ntawm lub caj dab. Yog tias, thaum koj tuav ib qho kev ntxhov siab, txoj hlua pib rattle, lub fretboard yog crooked.

Bass guitar txheej txheem

Cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag ua qhov ntsuas zaum thiab sawv. Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm zaum, lub guitar muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv caug thiab tuav ntawm lub forearm ntawm tes. Thaum ua si thaum sawv ntsug, qhov ntsuas tau tuav ntawm lub pluaj tshem tawm ntawm lub xub pwg nyom. Yav tas los ob tus bassists qee zaum siv lub bass guitar ua ob lub bass los ntawm tig lub cev vertically.

Yuav luag tag nrho cov acoustic thiab hluav taws xob guitar ua si cov tswv yim yog siv rau ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam. Cov txheej txheem yooj yim: ntiv tes pinching, slapping, xaiv. Cov txheej txheem sib txawv hauv qhov nyuaj, lub suab thiab qhov dav.

Lub pinch yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom. Lub suab yog mos. Ua si nrog kev xaiv yog dav siv hauv pob zeb thiab hlau. Lub suab yog sharper thiab nrov. Thaum slapping, txoj hlua hits lub frets, tsim ib lub suab tshwj xeeb. Actively siv nyob rau hauv funk style.