Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova-Benois |

Maria Kuznetsova-Benois

Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab opera singer (soprano) thiab ua las voos, ib tug ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws singers ntawm pre-revolutionary Russia. Tus thawj soloist ntawm Mariinsky Theatre, koom nrog Sergei Diaghilev lub caij Lavxias teb sab. Nws ua haujlwm nrog NA Rimsky-Korsakov, Richard Strauss, Jules Massenet, hu nkauj nrog Fyodor Chaliapin thiab Leonid Sobinov. Tom qab tawm hauv Russia tom qab xyoo 1917, nws tseem ua tau zoo nyob txawv teb chaws.

Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova yug nyob rau hauv 1880 nyob rau hauv Odessa. Maria loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj tswv yim thiab kev txawj ntse huab cua, nws txiv Nikolai Kuznetsov yog ib tug artist, thiab nws niam los ntawm Mechnikov tsev neeg, Maria tus txiv ntxawm yog Nobel laureate biologist Ilya Mechnikov thiab sociologist Lev Mechnikov. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky tau mus xyuas Kuznetsovs lub tsev, uas tau mloog mus rau lub peev xwm ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej singer thiab tsim cov me nyuam cov nkauj rau nws, los ntawm thaum yau Maria npau suav ntawm ua ib tug actress.

Nws niam nws txiv xa nws mus rau ib tug gymnasium nyob rau hauv Switzerland, rov qab mus rau Russia, nws kawm ballet nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, tab sis tsis kam ua las voos thiab pib kawm suab paj nruag nrog tus kws qhia ntawv Italian Marty, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog baritone thiab nws tus khub IV Tartakov. Txhua leej txhua tus tau sau tseg nws tus kheej zoo nkauj lyrical soprano, pom muaj peev xwm ua ib tug actress thiab feminine kev zoo nkauj. Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky tau piav qhia nws tias "... yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam uas tuaj yeem pom thiab mloog nrog tib lub qab los noj mov."

Nyob rau hauv 1904, Maria Kuznetsova ua nws debut nyob rau theem ntawm St. Petersburg Conservatory li Tatyana nyob rau hauv Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, thiab nyob rau theem ntawm Mariinsky Theatre nyob rau hauv 1905 raws li Marguerite nyob rau hauv Gounod's Faust. Soloist ntawm Mariinsky Theatre, nrog ib tug luv luv so, Kuznetsova tseem mus txog rau thaum lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917. Nyob rau hauv 1905, ob gramophone cov ntaub ntawv nrog ib tug kaw ntawm nws ua yeeb yam tau tso tawm nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, thiab tag nrho nws ua 36 kaw thaum lub sij hawm nws muaj tswv yim ua hauj lwm.

Ib zaug, nyob rau hauv 1905, tsis ntev tom qab Kuznetsova qhov debut ntawm Mariinsky, thaum lub sij hawm nws ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam, muaj kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab tub ceev xwm, qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog revolutionary, thiab ntshai pib nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam. Maria Kuznetsova cuam tshuam Elsa's aria los ntawm R. Wagner's "Lohengrin" thiab ntsiag to hu nkauj Lavxias teb sab "Vajtswv cawm Tsar", cov buzzers raug yuam kom nres kev sib cav thiab cov neeg tuaj saib ntsiag to, kev ua yeeb yam txuas ntxiv mus.

Thawj tus txiv ntawm Maria Kuznetsova yog Albert Albertovich Benois, los ntawm lub npe nrov dynasty ntawm Lavxias teb sab architects, artists, historians Benois. Nyob rau hauv thawj ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm, Maria twb paub nyob rau hauv lub ob lub xeem Kuznetsova-Benoit. Hauv kev sib yuav thib ob, Maria Kuznetsova tau sib yuav rau cov chaw tsim khoom Bogdanov, nyob rau hauv thib peb - ​​rau banker thiab industrialist Alfred Massenet, tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus naas ej composer Jules Massenet.

Thoob plaws hauv nws txoj haujlwm, Kuznetsova-Benois tau koom nrog ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam hauv European, suav nrog qhov chaw ntawm Fevronia hauv Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh thiab Maiden Fevronia thiab Cleopatra los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm J. Massenet, uas. tus kws sau ntawv sau tshwj xeeb rau nws. Thiab tseem nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab theem nws tau nthuav tawm thawj lub luag haujlwm ntawm Woglinda hauv R. Kub ntawm Rhine los ntawm R. Wagner, Cio-Cio-san hauv Madama Npauj Npaim los ntawm G. Puccini thiab ntau lwm tus. Nws tau ncig xyuas lub nroog hauv tebchaws Russia, Fabkis, Tebchaws Askiv, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Ltalis, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab lwm lub tebchaws nrog Mariinsky Opera Company.

Ntawm nws lub luag haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws: Antonida ("Lub Neej rau Tsar" los ntawm M. Glinka), Lyudmila ("Ruslan thiab Lyudmila" los ntawm M. Glinka), Olga ("Mermaid" los ntawm A. Dargomyzhsky), Masha ("Dubrovsky" los ntawm E. Napravnik), Oksana ("Cherevichki" los ntawm P. Tchaikovsky), Tatiana ("Eugene Onegin" los ntawm P. Tchaikovsky), Kupava ("The Snow Maiden" los ntawm N. Rimsky-Korsakov), Juliet ("Romeo thiab Juliet" los ntawm Ch. Gounod), Carmen (“Carmen” Zh Bizet), Manon Lescaut (“Manon” los ntawm J. Massenet), Violetta (“La Traviata” los ntawm G. Verdi), Elsa (“Lohengrin” los ntawm R. Wagner) thiab lwm tus .

Nyob rau hauv 1914, Kuznetsova ib ntus tawm ntawm Mariinsky Theatre thiab, ua ke nrog Lavxias teb sab Ballet Sergei Diaghilev, ua nyob rau hauv Paris thiab London raws li ib tug ballerina, thiab ib feem txhawb lawv kev ua tau zoo. Nws seev cev nyob rau hauv lub ballet "Cov lus dab neeg ntawm Yauxej" los ntawm Richard Strauss, lub ballet yog npaj los ntawm lub hnub qub ntawm lawv lub sij hawm - composer thiab conductor Richard Strauss, tus thawj coj Sergei Diaghilev, choreographer Mikhail Fokin, costumes thiab scenery Lev Bakst, ua las voos Leonid Myasin. . Nws yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab lub tuam txhab zoo, tab sis txij li thaum pib qhov kev tsim khoom tau ntsib qee qhov teeb meem: muaj sijhawm me ntsis rau kev xyaum ua haujlwm, Strauss nyob rau hauv lub siab tsis zoo, raws li tus qhua ballerinas Ida Rubinstein thiab Lydia Sokolova tsis kam koom, thiab Strauss tau ua. Tsis nyiam ua haujlwm nrog Fabkis cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag thiab tsis tu ncua nrog lub suab paj nruag, thiab Diaghilev tseem txhawj xeeb txog kev tawm ntawm tus neeg seev cev Vaslav Nijinsky los ntawm pab pawg. Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem tom qab qhov xwm txheej, tus neeg ntaus pob ncaws pob tau ua tiav hauv London thiab Paris. Ntxiv nrog rau kev sim nws txhais tes ntawm kev ntaus pob tesniv, Kuznetsova tau ua ntau yam kev ua yeeb yam, suav nrog Borodin kev tsim khoom ntawm Prince Igor hauv London.

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv 1918, Maria Kuznetsova tawm hauv Russia. Raws li befits ib tug actress, nws ua nws nyob rau hauv kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj - hnav khaub ncaws raws li ib tug me nyuam tub, nws tau nkaum nyob rau hauv qab lawj ntawm lub nkoj khi rau Sweden. Nws tau los ua tus hu nkauj ua yeeb yam ntawm Stockholm Opera, tom qab ntawd hauv Copenhagen thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm Royal Opera House, Covent Garden hauv London. Tag nrho lub sij hawm no nws lossi tuaj rau Paris, thiab nyob rau hauv 1921 nws thaum kawg nyob rau hauv Paris, uas tau los ua nws thib ob muaj tswv yim tsev.

Nyob rau hauv 1920s Kuznetsova staged private concerts qhov twg nws hu nkauj Lavxias teb sab, Fabkis, Spanish thiab gypsy nkauj, romances thiab operas. Ntawm cov concerts no, nws feem ntau seev cev Spanish pej xeem seev cev thiab flamenco. Ib txhia ntawm nws concerts tau txais kev pab los pab cov neeg txom nyem Lavxias teb sab emigration. Nws tau los ua lub hnub qub ntawm Parisian opera, tau txais mus rau hauv nws lub salon tau suav hais tias yog ib qho kev hwm zoo. "Cov xim ntawm haiv neeg", cov thawj coj thiab cov neeg ua lag luam tau koom nrog nws pem hauv ntej. Ntxiv nrog rau kev hais kwv txhiaj ntiag tug, nws tau ua haujlwm ua tus soloist ntawm ntau lub tsev ua yeeb yam hauv Tebchaws Europe, suav nrog cov nyob hauv Covent Garden thiab ntawm Paris Opera thiab Opéra Comique.

Xyoo 1927, Maria Kuznetsova, ua ke nrog Tub Vaj Ntxwv Alexei Tsereteli thiab baritone Mikhail Karakash, tau teeb tsa lub tuam txhab Lavxias Opera ntiag tug hauv Paris, qhov chaw uas lawv tau caw ntau tus neeg hu nkauj Lavxias teb sab uas tau tawm hauv tebchaws Russia. Lavxias teb sab Opera staged Sadko, Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Tsar Saltan, Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Invisible City of Kitezh thiab Maiden Fevronia, Sorochinskaya Fair thiab lwm yam operas thiab ballets los ntawm Lavxias teb sab composers thiab ua nyob rau hauv London, Paris, Barcelona, ​​​​Madrid, Milan. thiab nyob deb nroog Buenos Aires. Lavxias teb sab Opera kav mus txog rau thaum 1933.

Maria Kuznetsova tuag lub Plaub Hlis 25, 1966 hauv Paris, Fabkis.