Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel |

Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel

Nadezhda Ivanovna Zabela-Vrubel yug rau lub Plaub Hlis 1, 1868 nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm ib tug qub Ukrainian tsev neeg. Nws txiv, Ivan Petrovich, ib tug pej xeem tub ceev xwm, xav nyob rau hauv painting, suab paj nruag thiab pab mus rau ntau yam kev kawm ntawm nws cov ntxhais - Catherine thiab Nadezhda. Los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm kaum xyoo, Nadezhda kawm nyob rau hauv lub Kiev lub koom haum rau Noble Maidens, uas nws kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1883 nrog ib tug loj nyiaj npib.

Los ntawm 1885 txog 1891, Nadezhda kawm nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg Conservatory, nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm xib fwb NA Iretskaya. "Art xav tau lub taub hau," hais Natalia Alexandrovna. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev lees paub, nws ib txwm mloog cov neeg sib tw hauv tsev, tau paub ntau ntxiv.

Nov yog qhov LG sau. Barsova: "Tag nrho cov palette ntawm cov xim yog tsim los ntawm impeccable suab: ib tug ntshiab lub suab, raws li nws yog, endlessly thiab tsis tu ncua ntws thiab tsim. Qhov tsim ntawm lub suab tsis cuam tshuam lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub qhov ncauj: "Cov consonants hu nkauj, lawv tsis kaw, lawv hu nkauj!" Iretskaya ceeb toom. Nws suav hais tias kev dag ntxias dag yog qhov txhaum loj tshaj plaws, thiab kev hu nkauj raug suav tias yog qhov kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws - qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua pa tsis zoo. Cov kev cai nram qab no ntawm Iretskaya yog cov niaj hnub no: "Koj yuav tsum tuav koj cov pa thaum koj hu ib kab lus - ua pa yooj yim, tuav koj lub diaphragm thaum koj hu ib kab lus, hnov ​​lub xeev ntawm kev hu nkauj." Zabela tau kawm cov lus qhia ntawm Iretskaya zoo kawg nkaus ... "

Twb tau kev koom tes hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm ua yeeb yam "Fidelio" los ntawm Beethoven thaum Lub Ob Hlis 9, 1891 tau ua rau cov kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb rau cov tub ntxhais hluas hu nkauj uas tau ua ib feem ntawm Leonora. Cov kws tshuaj xyuas tau sau tseg "lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo thiab kev nkag siab suab paj nruag", "lub suab muaj zog thiab kawm tau zoo", thaum taw qhia qhov tsis muaj "muaj peev xwm nyob hauv theem".

Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm conservatory, Nadezhda, ntawm kev caw ntawm AG Rubinstein ua ib qho kev hais kwv txhiaj ncig teb chaws Yelemees. Tom qab ntawd nws mus rau Paris - txhawm rau txhim kho nrog M. Marchesi.

Zabela txoj haujlwm theem pib hauv 1893 hauv Kyiv, ntawm I.Ya. Setov. Hauv Kyiv, nws ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm Nedda (Leoncavallo's Pagliacci), Elizabeth (Wagner's Tannhäuser), Mikaela (Bizet's Carmen), Mignon (Thomas 'Mignon), Tatiana (Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin), Gorislava (Ruslan thiab Lyudmila), los ntawm Glink. Kev kub ntxhov ("Nero" los ntawm Rubinstein).

Ntawm cov ntawv tshwj xeeb yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm Marguerite (Gounod's Faust), yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab nthuav tawm hauv opera classics. Tsis tu ncua ua hauj lwm ntawm cov duab ntawm Margarita, Zabela txhais nws ntau thiab ntau subtly. Nov yog ib qho kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Kyiv: "Ms. Zabela, uas peb tau ntsib thawj zaug hauv qhov kev ua yeeb yam, tsim cov duab paj huam zoo li no, nws tau zoo heev hauv cov ntsiab lus suab, uas los ntawm nws thawj zaug tshwm sim rau theem thib ob ua yeeb yam thiab los ntawm thawj zaug tab sis daim ntawv ntawm nws qhib. recitative, hu nkauj impeccably, txoj cai mus txog rau qhov kawg scene nyob rau hauv lub qhov taub ntawm lub xeem ua, nws kiag li captured lub mloog thiab disposition ntawm pej xeem.

Tom qab Kyiv, Zabela ua yeeb yam hauv Tiflis, qhov chaw uas nws repertoire suav nrog Gilda (Verdi's Rigoletto), Violetta (Verdi's La Traviata), Juliet (Gounod's Romeo thiab Juliet), Inea (Meyerbeer's African), Tamara (Tus Dab" los ntawm Rubinstein) , Maria ("Mazepa" los ntawm Tchaikovsky), Lisa ("Tus poj huab tais ntawm Spades" los ntawm Tchaikovsky).

Xyoo 1896, Zabela ua yeeb yam hauv St. Petersburg, ntawm Panaevsky Theatre. Nyob rau ntawm ib qho ntawm kev xyaum ntawm Humperdinck's Hansel thiab Gretel, Nadezhda Ivanovna ntsib nws tus txiv yav tom ntej. Nov yog li cas nws tus kheej tau hais txog nws: "Kuv xav tsis thoob thiab txawm xav tsis thoob tias qee tus txiv neej laus tau khiav los rau kuv thiab hnia kuv txhais tes, qw tias: "Lub suab ntxim nyiam!" TS Lyubatovich maj nrawm los qhia kuv: "Peb tus kws kos duab Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel" - thiab hais rau kuv ib sab: "Ib tug neeg nthuav dav, tab sis zoo heev."

Tom qab qhov premiere ntawm Hansel thiab Gretel, Zabela coj Vrubel mus rau Ge lub tsev, qhov chaw nws nyob. Nws tus viv ncaus "tau sau tseg tias Nadia yog qee yam tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hluas thiab nthuav, thiab pom tau tias qhov no yog vim muaj kev hlub uas qhov tshwj xeeb no Vrubel ncig nws." Vrubel tom qab ntawd hais tias "yog tias nws tsis kam lees nws, nws yuav tau coj nws txoj sia."

Lub Xya Hli 28, 1896, kev tshoob ntawm Zabela thiab Vrubel tau tshwm sim hauv Switzerland. Tus neeg zoo siab tshiab tau sau ntawv rau nws tus muam: “Hauv Mikh [ail Alexandrovich] Kuv pom kev tsim txiaj tshiab txhua hnub; thawj zaug, nws yog ib qho txawv txav thiab ua siab zoo, tsuas yog kov, dhau li ntawd, kuv ib txwm muaj kev lom zem thiab xav tsis thoob nrog nws yooj yim. Kuv yeej ntseeg tias nws muaj peev xwm hais txog kev hu nkauj, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kuv, thiab zoo li kuv yuav muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau nws.

Raws li tus hlub tshaj plaws, Zabela tau sau lub luag haujlwm ntawm Tatiana hauv Eugene Onegin. Nws hu nws thawj zaug nyob rau hauv Kyiv, nyob rau hauv Tiflis nws xaiv ib feem rau nws cov kev pab cuam, thiab nyob rau hauv Kharkov rau nws debut. M. Dulova, tom qab ntawd ib tug hluas hu nkauj, hais txog nws thawj zaug tshwm sim nyob rau theem ntawm lub Kharkov Opera ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 18, 1896 nyob rau hauv nws memoirs: "Nadezhda Ivanovna ua ib tug zoo siab rau txhua leej txhua tus: nrog rau nws tsos, hnav ris tsho, demeanor ... Tatiana - Zabela. Nadezhda Ivanovna zoo nkauj heev thiab stylish. Kev ua si "Onegin" tau zoo heev. Nws cov txuj ci tau vam meej ntawm Mamontov Theatre, qhov chaw uas nws tau caw los ntawm Savva Ivanovich thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1897 nrog nws tus txiv. Tsis ntev nws tau ntsib nrog lub suab paj nruag ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov.

Thawj thawj zaug, Rimsky-Korsakov hnov ​​​​tus neeg hu nkauj thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 30, 1897 nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm Volkhova hauv Sadko. Zabela tau hais tias "Koj tuaj yeem xav txog tias kuv txhawj xeeb npaum li cas, hais lus nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus sau hauv qhov kev ua si nyuaj," Zabela hais. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev ntshai tau dhau los ua dhau los. Tom qab daim duab thib ob, kuv tau ntsib Nikolai Andreevich thiab tau txais kev pom zoo tag nrho los ntawm nws.

Cov duab ntawm Volkhova sib raug rau tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kws kos duab. Ossovsky tau sau tias: "Thaum nws hu nkauj, zoo li lub zeem muag tsis pom kev thiab cheb ntawm koj ob lub qhov muag, siab mos thiab ... yuav luag tsis yooj yim ... Thaum lawv yuav tsum muaj kev nyuaj siab, nws tsis yog kev tu siab, tab sis ib tug tob tob, tsis yws yws thiab kev cia siab. "

Rimsky-Korsakov nws tus kheej, tom qab Sadko, sau rau tus kws kos duab: "Yog lawm, koj tau tsim lub Hiav Txwv Princess, uas koj tau tsim nws cov duab hauv kev hu nkauj thiab ntawm theem, uas yuav nyob nrog koj mus ib txhis hauv kuv txoj kev xav ..."

Tsis ntev Zabela-Vrubel pib hu ua "Korsakov's singer". Nws los ua tus protagonist nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov xws li masterpieces los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov li Pskovite poj niam, May Night, Snow Maiden, Mozart thiab Salieri, Tsar tus nkauj nyab, Vera Sheloga, Zaj dab neeg ntawm Tsar Saltan, "Koschei the Deathless".

Rimsky-Korsakov tsis zais nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog tus neeg hu nkauj. Hais txog Tus Poj Niam ntawm Pskov, nws tau hais tias: "Feem ntau, Kuv xav tias Olga yog koj lub luag haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, txawm tias kuv tsis tau xiab los ntawm Chaliapin nws tus kheej nyob rau theem." Rau ib feem ntawm Snow Maiden, Zabela-Vrubel kuj tau txais kev qhuas siab tshaj plaws ntawm tus sau: "Kuv tsis tau hnov ​​​​cov suab nkauj Snow Maiden li Nadezhda Ivanovna ua ntej."

Rimsky-Korsakov tam sim ntawd sau ib co ntawm nws romances thiab operatic luag hauj lwm raws li artistic possibilities ntawm Zabela-Vrubel. Ntawm no nws yog tsim nyog rau npe Vera ("Boyarina Vera Sheloga"), thiab Swan ntxhais huabtais ("The Tale of Tsar Saltan"), thiab Princess Beloved Beauty ("Koschei lub Immortal"), thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Marfa, nyob rau hauv. "Tus Tsar's Bride".

Lub Kaum Hli 22, 1899, Tsar's Bride premiered. Hauv qhov kev ua si no, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Zabela-Vrubel lub peev xwm tshwm sim. Tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob ib ntus hu nws ua tus hu nkauj ntawm poj niam tus ntsuj plig, poj niam nyob ntsiag to npau suav, kev hlub thiab kev tu siab. Thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, siv lead ua purity ntawm suab engineering, siv lead ua pob tshab ntawm cov ntoo, qhov tshwj xeeb rhiab ntawm cantilena.

Critic I. Lipaev sau tias: “Ms. Zabela tau dhau los ua tus zoo nkauj Marfa, tag nrho ntawm kev ua siab mos siab muag, kev txo hwj chim zoo li nquab, thiab hauv nws lub suab, sov, qhia, tsis txaj muag los ntawm qhov siab ntawm tog, txhua yam ntxim nyiam nrog suab paj nruag thiab kev zoo nkauj ... Zabela yog qhov sib piv tsis tau hauv scenes nrog Dunyasha, nrog Lykov, qhov twg txhua yam nws muaj yog kev hlub thiab kev cia siab rau lub neej yav tom ntej rosy, thiab txawm ntau zoo nyob rau hauv lub xeem ua yeeb yam, thaum lub potion twb lom cov neeg pluag thiab cov xov xwm ntawm Lykov txoj kev tua ua rau nws vwm. Thiab nyob rau hauv dav dav, Marfa pom ib tug tsis tshua muaj artist nyob rau hauv tus neeg ntawm Zabela.

Kev tawm tswv yim los ntawm lwm tus neeg thuam, Kashkin: “Zabela hu nkauj [Martha's] aria xav tsis thoob zoo. Tus lej no yuav tsum tau hais lus tshwj xeeb, thiab tsis tshua muaj ntau tus neeg hu nkauj muaj qhov zoo nkauj mezza voche hauv cov npe siab tshaj plaws li Zabela flaunts. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog qhov no aria zoo dua. Lub scene thiab aria ntawm vwm Martha tau ua los ntawm Zabela nyob rau hauv ib qho txawv txav thiab poetic txoj kev, nrog rau kev nkag siab zoo ntawm kev faib ua feem. Engel kuj tau qhuas Zabela txoj kev hu nkauj thiab kev ua si: “Marfa [Zabela] tau zoo heev, qhov sov so thiab kov tau npaum li cas hauv nws lub suab thiab hauv nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam! Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub luag hauj lwm tshiab yog yuav luag tag nrho kev vam meej rau lub actress; Nws siv yuav luag tag nrho ib feem nyob rau hauv ib co hom ntawm mezza voche, txawm nyob rau hauv high school sau ntawv, uas muab Marfa uas halo ntawm siab mos siab muag, txo hwj chim thiab resignation rau txoj hmoo, uas, kuv xav tias, tau kos nyob rau hauv tus kws sau paj lug lub tswv yim.

Zabela-Vrubel nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Martha ua rau ib tug zoo siab rau OL Knipper, uas tau sau rau Chekhov: "Nag hmo kuv nyob rau hauv lub opera, kuv mloog Tsar tus nkauj nyab zaum ob. Zoo kawg nkaus, maj mam, graceful music! Thiab yuav ua li cas zoo nkauj thiab yooj yim Marfa Zabela hu nkauj thiab ua si. Kuv quaj zoo kawg nkaus - nws kov kuv. Nws xav tsis thoob tsuas yog ua rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev npau taws, nws lub suab yog qhov tseeb, siab, mos, tsis yog ib daim ntawv nrov nrov, thiab cov menyuam txaj. Tag nrho cov duab ntawm Martha yog tag nrho ntawm xws li rhiab, lyricism, purity - nws tsis tau tawm ntawm kuv lub taub hau. ”

Tau kawg, Zabela's operatic repertoire tsis txwv rau cov suab paj nruag ntawm tus sau ntawm Tsar's Bride. Nws yog ib tug zoo heev Antonida nyob rau hauv Ivan Susanin, nws hu nkauj soulfully Iolanta nyob rau hauv Tchaikovsky lub opera ntawm tib lub npe, nws txawm ua tiav nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm Mimi nyob rau hauv Puccini lub La Boheme. Thiab tsis tau, Lavxias teb sab poj niam ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov evoked lub loj tshaj teb nyob rau hauv nws tus plig. Nws yog yam ntxwv uas nws romances kuj tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Zabela-Vrubel lub chamber repertoire.

Nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau tu siab txoj hmoo ntawm tus singer muaj ib yam dab tsi los ntawm lub heroines ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1901, Nadezhda Ivanovna muaj ib tug tub, Savva. Tab sis ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws poob mob thiab tuag. Ntxiv rau qhov no yog mob hlwb ntawm nws tus txiv. Vrubel tuag thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1910. Thiab nws txoj hauj lwm muaj tswv yim nws tus kheej, yam tsawg kawg ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, yog luv luv. Tom qab tsib xyoos ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ci ntsa iab ntawm theem ntawm Moscow Private Opera, los ntawm 1904 txog 1911 Zabela-Vrubel tau ua haujlwm ntawm Mariinsky Theatre.

Mariinsky Theatre muaj qib kev tshaj lij, tab sis nws tsis muaj qhov chaw ntawm kev ua koob tsheej thiab kev hlub uas kav hauv Mamontov Theatre. MF Gnesin sau nrog chagrin: "Thaum kuv ib zaug tau mus rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Sadko nrog nws kev koom tes, kuv tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis chim siab los ntawm qee qhov ntawm nws qhov tsis pom hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Nws lub ntsej muag, thiab nws txoj kev hu nkauj, tseem ntxim nyiam rau kuv, thiab tseem, piv nrog rau yav dhau los, nws yog, zoo li nws yog, ib qho xim zoo nkauj thiab me ntsis npub, tsuas yog nco txog ib daim duab pleev xim nrog roj pleev xim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws qhov chaw ib puag ncig yog devoid ntawm paj huam. Lub dryness nyob rau hauv productions nyob rau hauv lub xeev theaters tau hnov ​​nyob rau hauv txhua yam.

Nyob rau hauv lub imperial theem, nws yeej tsis muaj sij hawm los ua ib feem ntawm Fevronia nyob rau hauv Rimsky-Korsakov's Opera The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh. Thiab contemporaries thov hais tias nyob rau hauv lub concert theem no suab zoo heev rau nws.

Tab sis lub chamber yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Zabela-Vrubel txuas ntxiv nyiam cov xim ntawm cov neeg paub tseeb. Nws qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj kawg tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Rau Hli 1913, thiab Lub Xya Hli 4, 1913, Nadezhda Ivanovna tuag.