Semyon Stepanovich Gulak-Artemovsky |

Semen Hulak-Artemovsky

Nkauj rau Me Me Russia - txhua yam; thiab paj huam, thiab keeb kwm, thiab leej txiv lub ntxa… Tag nrho cov no yog kev sib haum xeeb, muaj ntxhiab, muaj ntau haiv neeg. N. Gogol

Nyob rau hauv lub fertile av ntawm Ukrainian pej xeem suab paj nruag, txuj ci ntawm nto moo composer thiab singer S. Gulak-Artemovsky vam meej. Yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug pov thawj ntawm lub zos, Gulak-Artemovsky yuav tsum tau ua raws li nyob rau hauv nws txiv lub footsteps, tab sis tsev neeg kev lig kev cai no tau tawg los ntawm tus me nyuam tub txoj kev ntshaw rau suab paj nruag. Nkag mus rau Kiev Lub Tsev Kawm Theological hauv xyoo 1824, Semyon pib kawm tiav, tab sis tsis ntev nws tau dhuav nrog kev ntseeg, thiab cov kev nkag hauv qab no tau tshwm sim hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm daim ntawv pov thawj: "muaj peev xwm zoo, tub nkeeg thiab tub nkeeg, ua tiav me me." Cov lus teb yog yooj yim: yav tom ntej tus kws ntaus nkauj tau mob siab rau tag nrho nws cov kev xav thiab lub sijhawm los hu nkauj hauv pawg hu nkauj, yuav luag tsis tau tshwm sim hauv cov chav kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd tom tsev kawm ntawv seminary. Lub sonorous treble ntawm lub me chanter tau pom los ntawm ib tug connoisseur ntawm choral hu nkauj, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias teb sab hu nkauj kab lis kev cai, Metropolitan Evgeny (Bolkhovitikov). Thiab tam sim no Semyon twb nyob rau hauv lub nroog hu nkauj ntawm St. Sophia Cathedral nyob rau hauv Kyiv, ces - nyob rau hauv lub hu nkauj ntawm lub Mikhailovsky Monastery. Ntawm no tus tub hluas hauv kev xyaum nkag siab txog ntau pua xyoo kev lig kev cai ntawm choral suab paj nruag.

Nyob rau hauv 1838, M. Glinka hnov ​​​​tus hu nkauj ntawm Gulak-Artemovsky, thiab lub rooj sib tham no txiav txim siab hloov txoj hmoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais hu nkauj: nws ua raws li Glinka mus rau St. Nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug phooj ywg laus thiab tus cob qhia, Gulak-Artemovsky, nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm, nws tau mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev loj hlob suab paj nruag thiab kev cob qhia suab. Nws txoj kev ntseeg kev ntseeg tau muaj zog ntxiv hauv kev sib txuas lus zoo nrog Glinka lub voj voog ntawm cov phooj ywg - tus kws kos duab K. Bryullov, tus kws sau ntawv N. Kukolnik, musicians G. Lomakin, O. Petrov thiab A. Petrova-Vorobyeva. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug acquaintance nrog zoo heev Ukrainian kws sau paj lug-revolutionary T. Shevchenko coj qhov chaw, uas tig mus rau hauv kev phooj ywg tseeb. Raws li kev taw qhia ntawm Glinka, tus neeg sau yav tom ntej tsis tu ncua nkag siab txog cov lus zais ntawm lub suab thiab cov cai ntawm cov suab paj nruag logic. Lub opera "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila" nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd muaj cov kev xav ntawm Glinka, uas tau sau txog cov chav kawm nrog Gulak-Artemovsky: "Kuv tab tom npaj nws los ua ib tug ua yeeb yam hu nkauj thiab kuv vam tias kuv cov hauj lwm yuav tsis nyob rau hauv vain ..." Glinka pom. nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam ntawm ib feem ntawm Ruslan. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev tswj hwm theem thiab kov yeej qhov tsis txaus ntawm kev hu nkauj, Gulak-Artemovsky, ntawm kev hais lus ntawm ib tus phooj ywg laus, feem ntau tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau lub suab paj nruag yav tsaus ntuj. Ib tug niaj hnub piav txog nws txoj kev hu nkauj li no: “Lub suab tshiab thiab loj heev; tiam sis nws hais tsis yog tus me ntsis thiab lo lus desperately… Nws yog kev ntxhov siab, kuv xav qhuas, tab sis luag nkag mus.

Txawm li cas los xij, ceev faj, kev kawm tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv ci ntsa iab coj cov txiaj ntsig zoo: thawj pej xeem kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm Gulak-Artemovsky twb tau ua tiav zoo. Lub suab thiab sau cov txuj ci ntawm cov tub ntxhais suab paj nruag tau vam meej ua tsaug rau kev mus ncig ntev rau Paris thiab Ltalis, tau ua los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm Glinka nrog kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag los ntawm tus neeg pab nyiaj txiag P. Demidov hauv 1839-41. Kev ua yeeb yam tau zoo nyob rau theem opera hauv Florence tau qhib txoj hauv kev rau Gulak-Artemovsky mus rau theem imperial hauv St. Txij lub Tsib Hlis 1842 txog Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1865, tus neeg hu nkauj tau mus tas li ua tswv cuab ntawm pawg neeg ua yeeb yam. Nws ua tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv Moscow (1846-50, 1864-65), nws kuj mus ncig ua si nyob rau hauv lub xeev lub zos - Tula, Kharkov, Kursk, Voronezh. Ntawm ntau lub luag haujlwm ntawm Gulak-Artemovsky hauv kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm V. Bellini, G. Donizetti, KM Weber, G. Verdi thiab lwm tus, kev ua yeeb yam zoo kawg nkaus ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm Ruslan sawv tawm. Hnov lub opera "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila", Shevchenko sau tias: "Dab tsi yog opera! Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum Artemovsky hu nkauj Ruslan, koj txawm khawb lub nraub qaum ntawm koj lub taub hau, nws yog qhov tseeb! Ib tug zoo nkauj singer - koj yuav tsis hais dab tsi. Vim tias tsis muaj nws lub suab, Gulak-Artemovsky tau tawm ntawm theem hauv xyoo 1865 thiab siv nws lub xyoo kawg hauv Moscow, qhov chaw uas nws lub neej yog tus coj thiab nyob ib leeg.

Ib qho kev nkag siab ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev ncaj ncees rau cov suab paj nruag ib txwm muaj - Ukrainian lus dab neeg - yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm Gulak-Artemovsky's compositions. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog ncaj qha ntsig txog kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm tus sau. Qhov no yog li cas romances, adaptations ntawm Ukrainian nkauj thiab thawj zaj nkauj nyob rau hauv pej xeem dab neeg tshwm sim, raws li zoo raws li cov suab paj nruas thiab theem ua hauj lwm - lub suab thiab choreographic divertissement "Ukrainian Wedding" (1852), suab paj nruag rau nws tus kheej comedy-vaudeville "Hmo ntuj. Nyob rau hnub Eve ntawm Midsummer Day" (1852), suab paj nruag rau ua yeeb yam The Destroyers of Ships (1853). Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws creation ntawm Gulak-Artemovsky - ib tug comic opera nrog colloquial dialogues "Lub Cossack dhau lub Danube" (1863) - zoo siab nrog zoo-natured pej xeem lom zem thiab heroic-patriotic motifs. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau nthuav tawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm tus sau lub peev xwm, uas tau sau ob qho tib si libretto thiab suab paj nruag, thiab tseem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub npe. Petersburg cov neeg thuam tau sau tseg qhov kev vam meej ntawm lub premiere: "Mr. Artemovsky tau qhia nws lub peev xwm ua yeeb yam ci ntsa iab. Nws qhov kev ua si yog tag nrho ntawm kev ua yeeb yam: nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm Karas, nws tau nthuav tawm txoj cai ntawm Cossack. Tus kws sau nkauj tau tswj hwm cov suab paj nruag dav dav thiab kev seev cev ua yeeb yam ntawm Ukrainian suab paj nruag kom pom tseeb tias qee zaum nws cov suab paj nruag tsis txawv ntawm cov pej xeem. Yog li ntawd, lawv nyiam nyob rau hauv Ukraine nrog rau cov lus dab neeg. Astute listeners paub qhov tseeb haiv neeg ntawm lub opera twb nyob rau hauv lub premiere. Tus kws tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Leej Tub ntawm Fatherland" tau sau tias: "Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Mr. Artemovsky yog tias nws tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev ua yeeb yam yeeb yaj kiab, ua pov thawj zoo npaum li cas nws tuaj yeem pib hauv peb lub teb chaws, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov ntsuj plig; nws yog thawj tus los qhia txog lub ntsiab lus comic ib txwm nyob rau peb ntawm peb theem ... thiab kuv paub tseeb tias nrog txhua qhov kev ua tau zoo nws txoj kev vam meej yuav loj tuaj.

Tseeb tiag, Hulak-Artemovsky cov ntaub ntawv tseem khaws lawv qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog thawj Ukrainian opera, tab sis kuj yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm zoo nkauj thiab ntxim nyiam.

N. Zabolotnaya