Frederick Delius (Dilius) (Frederick Delius) |

Frederick Delius

Nws tsis tau txais kev kawm suab paj nruag. Thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus, nws kawm ua si violin. Xyoo 1884 nws tau tawm mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm ntawm cov txiv kab ntxwv cog, txuas ntxiv mus kawm suab paj nruag ntawm nws tus kheej, coj cov lus qhia los ntawm TF Ward hauv zos. Nws kawm Negro lus dab neeg, nrog rau sab ntsuj plig, cov intonations uas tau siv nyob rau hauv symphonic suite "Florida" (Dilius's debut, 1886), symphonic paj huam "Hiawatha" (tom qab G. Longfellow), paj huam rau hu nkauj thiab orchestra "Appalachian" , opera "Koang" thiab lwm yam. Rov qab mus rau Tebchaws Europe, nws kawm nrog H. Sitt, S. Jadasson thiab K. Reinecke ntawm Leipzig Conservatory (1886-1888).

Xyoo 1887 Dilius mus xyuas Norway; Dilius tau cuam tshuam los ntawm E. Grieg, uas txaus siab rau nws lub peev xwm. Tom qab ntawd, Dilius tau sau nkauj rau kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm Norwegian playwright G. Heiberg (“Folkeraadet” – “People's Council”, 1897); kuj tau rov qab mus rau Norwegian lub ntsiab lus hauv kev ua haujlwm symphonic "Sketches ntawm Lub Tebchaws Sab Qab Teb" thiab cov nkauj "Ib zaug Thaum Ib Lub Sijhawm" ("Eventyr", raws li "Folk Tales of Norway" los ntawm P. Asbjørnsen, 1917), zaj nkauj mus rau Norwegian cov ntawv (“Lieder auf norwegische Texte” , rau cov nkauj los ntawm B. Bjornson thiab G. Ibsen, 1889-90).

Nyob rau hauv lub 1900s tig mus rau Danish cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub opera Fenimore thiab Gerda (raws li lub tshiab Niels Lin los ntawm EP Jacobsen, 1908-10; post. 1919, Frankfurt am Main); kuj tau sau nkauj rau Jacobsen, X. Drachmann thiab L. Holstein. Los ntawm 1888 nws nyob hauv Fabkis, thawj zaug hauv Paris, tom qab ntawd mus txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej hauv Gre-sur-Loing, ze ntawm Fontainebleau, tsuas yog qee zaus mus xyuas nws lub tebchaws. Nws tau ntsib nrog IA Strindberg, P. Gauguin, M. Ravel thiab F. Schmitt.

Los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Dilius, lub hwj chim ntawm cov Impressionists yog tangible, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pronounced nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm orchestration thiab colourfulness ntawm lub suab palette. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Dilius, cim los ntawm originality, yog ze rau hauv cov lus Askiv paj huam thiab painting ntawm lig 19th thiab thaum ntxov 20th centuries.

Dilius yog ib tus thawj kws sau ntawv Askiv tau tig mus rau lub tebchaws. Ntau yam ntawm Dilius 'cov hauj lwm yog imbued nrog dluab ntawm lus Askiv xwm, nyob rau hauv uas nws kuj xav txog lub originality ntawm lus Askiv txoj kev ntawm lub neej. Nws lub suab paj nruag yog imbued nrog sov, soulful lyricism - xws li cov khoom rau me me orchestra: "Mloog thawj cuckoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav" ("Ntawm hnov ​​thawj cuckoo nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav", 1912), "Lub caij ntuj sov hmo ntuj ntawm tus dej" (“Summer night on the river”, 1912), “Ib zaj nkauj ua ntej hnub sawv” (“Ib zaj nkauj ua ntej hnub tuaj”, 1918).

Kev lees paub tuaj rau Dilius ua tsaug rau cov haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj T. Beecham, uas tau txhawb nqa nws cov ntawv sau thiab teeb tsa lub koob tsheej rau nws txoj haujlwm (1929). Dilius cov hauj lwm kuj tau suav nrog hauv nws cov haujlwm los ntawm GJ Wood.

Dilius thawj zaug luam tawm ua haujlwm yog The Legend (Legende, rau violin thiab orchestra, 1892). Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm nws operas yog Rural Romeo thiab Julia (Romeo und Julia auf dem Dorfe, op. 1901), tsis yog nyob rau hauv 1st tsab nyob rau hauv German (1907, Komische Oper, Berlin), los yog nyob rau hauv lus Askiv version (“Ib lub zos Romeo thiab Juliet”, “Covent Garden”, London, 1910) tsis ua tiav; tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab ntau lawm nyob rau hauv 1920 (ibid.) yog nws warmly txais los ntawm cov pej xeem Askiv.

Tus cwj pwm rau kev ua hauj lwm ntxiv ntawm Dilius yog nws zaj paj huam thaum ntxov elegiac-pastoral symphonic "Tshaj toj thiab nyob deb" ("Tshaj lub toj thiab nyob deb", 1895, Spanish 1897), raws li kev nco txog ntawm thaj chaw moor ntawm Yorkshire - lub lub tebchaws ntawm Dilius; nyob ze rau nws hauv txoj kev xav thiab cov xim yog "Hiav Txwv Drift" ("Hiav Txwv-Drift") los ntawm W. Whitman, uas nws cov paj huam Dilius tau hnov ​​​​zoo siab thiab embodied kuj nyob rau hauv "Songs of farewell" (“Songs of farewell”, for choir and orchestra , 1930-1932 ib.).

Cov suab paj nruag tom qab ntawm Delius tau hais los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv mob rau nws tus tuav ntaub ntawv E. Fenby, tus sau phau ntawv Delius raws li kuv paub nws (1936). Dilius cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis ntev los no yog Zaj Nkauj ntawm Lub Caij Ntuj Sov, Zoo Nkauj Dance thiab Irmelin prelude rau orchestra, Sonata No. 3 rau violin.

Cov khoom xyaw: operas (6), suav nrog Irmelin (1892, Oxford, 1953), Koanga (1904, Elberfeld), Fenimore thiab Gerda (1919, Frankfurt); rau orc. - fantasy Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov vaj (Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov vaj, 1908), paj huam ntawm lub neej thiab kev hlub (Ib zaj paj huam ntawm lub neej thiab kev hlub, 1919), Cua thiab seev cev (Air thiab seev cev, 1925), Nkauj ntawm lub caij ntuj sov (Ib zaj nkauj ntawm lub caij ntuj sov , 1930), suites, rhapsodies, plays; rau cov cuab yeej nrog orc. - 4 concertos (rau fp., 1906; for skr., 1916; double – for skr. and vlch., 1916; for vlch., 1925), caprice and elegy for vlch. (1925); chamber-instr. ensembles - hlua. quartet (1917), rau Skr. thiab fp. - 3 sonatas (1915, 1924, 1930), romance (1896); rau fp. - 5 ua si (1921), 3 preludes (1923); rau pawg hu nkauj nrog orc. - Lub Ntiaj Teb Lub Neej (Eine Messe des Lebens, raws li "Yog Li Hais Zarathustra" los ntawm F. Nietzsche, 1905), Nkauj ntawm Sunset (Cov Nkauj ntawm Hnub poob, 1907), Arabesque (Arabesk, 1911), Nkauj ntawm Lub Tsev Siab. (Ib zaj nkauj ntawm High Hills, 1912), Requiem (1916), Nkauj ntawm kev hais lus (tom qab Whitman, 1932); rau lub suab hu nkauj cappella – Wanderer zaj nkauj (tsis muaj lo lus, 1908), Kev zoo nkauj descends (Lub splendor ntog, tom qab A. Tennyson, 1924); rau lub suab nrog orc. – Sakuntala (rau cov lus ntawm X. Drahman, 1889), Idyll (Idill, raws li W. Whitman, 1930), thiab lwm yam .; nkauj rau ua yeeb yam. ua yeeb yam, suav nrog kev ua si "Ghassan, lossis Golden Journey rau Samarkand" Dsh. Flecker (1920, post. 1923, London) thiab ntau lwm tus. lwm tus