Eugen Arturovich Kapp |
Eugen Kapp
"Suab paj nruag yog kuv lub neej ..." Nyob rau hauv cov lus no E. Kapp lub tswv yim credo yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus tshaj plaws. Xav txog lub hom phiaj thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos duab suab paj nruag, nws hais txog; hais tias "suab paj nruag tso cai rau peb qhia tag nrho cov zoo ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm peb lub sij hawm, tag nrho cov nplua nuj ntawm kev muaj tiag. Suab paj nruag yog ib qho kev qhia zoo rau kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm tib neeg. Kapp tau ua haujlwm ntau yam. Ntawm nws cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb yog 6 operas, 2 ballets, operetta, 23 ua hauj lwm rau ib tug symphony orchestra, 7 cantatas thiab oratorios, txog 300 zaj nkauj. Musical theatre occupies ib qho chaw hauv nws txoj haujlwm.
Kapp tsev neeg ntawm cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag tau ua tus thawj coj hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm Estonia rau ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo. Eugen tus yawg, Issep Kapp, yog ib tus kws kho mob thiab tus neeg saib xyuas. Leej Txiv - Arthur Kapp, tau kawm tiav los ntawm St. Petersburg Conservatory nyob rau hauv lub cev nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv nrog xib fwb L. Gomilius thiab nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog N. Rimsky-Korsakov, tsiv mus rau Astrakhan, qhov chaw uas nws mus rau lub zos ceg ntawm Lavxias teb sab Musical Society. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws ua haujlwm ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag. Nyob ntawd, hauv Astrakhan, Eugen Kapp yug. Tus tub lub suab paj nruag txuj ci tau tshwm sim thaum ntxov. Kawm ua si piano, nws ua rau nws thawj zaug sim sau nkauj. Lub suab paj nruag huab cua uas kav hauv tsev, Eugen lub rooj sib tham nrog A. Scriabin, F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov, A. Nezhdanova, uas tuaj ncig xyuas, mus tas li mus rau opera ua yeeb yam thiab concerts - tag nrho cov no pab tsim lub neej yav tom ntej. tus kws sau ntawv.
Xyoo 1920, A. Kapp tau raug caw los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Estonia Opera House (tom qab me ntsis - tus xibfwb ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej), thiab tsev neeg tau tsiv mus rau Tallinn. Eugen tau siv sij hawm zaum hauv lub suab paj nruag, nyob ib sab ntawm nws txiv tus neeg saib xyuas qhov muag, ua raws txhua yam uas tau tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig. Xyoo 1922, E. Kapp nkag mus hauv Tallinn Conservatory hauv chav kawm piano ntawm xibfwb P. Ramul, ces T. Lembn. Tab sis tus tub hluas yog ntau thiab ntau attracted rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17 xyoo, nws tau sau nws thawj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb - Kaum Variations rau Piano ntawm lub ntsiab lus los ntawm nws txiv. Txij li xyoo 1926, Eugen tau ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Tallinn Conservatory hauv nws txiv cov chav kawm. Raws li kev kawm tiav qib siab thaum kawg ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, nws nthuav tawm zaj paj huam "Tus Avenger" (1931) thiab Piano Trio.
Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, Kapp txuas ntxiv mus ua suab paj nruag. Txij li thaum xyoo 1936, nws tau sib txuas ua haujlwm zoo nrog kev qhia: nws qhia suab paj nruag txoj kev xav ntawm Tallinn Conservatory. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1941, Kapp tau txais txoj haujlwm tsim nyog ntawm kev tsim thawj Estonian ballet raws li lub teb chaws epic Kalevipoeg (Tub ntawm Kalev, nyob rau hauv libre los ntawm A. Syarev). Thaum pib ntawm lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1941, lub clavier ntawm lub ballet tau sau, thiab tus kws sau nkauj tau pib orchestrate nws, tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsov rog tam sim ntawd cuam tshuam txoj haujlwm. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv Kapp txoj haujlwm yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm Niam Txiv: nws sau thawj Symphony ("Patriotic", 1943), Thib Ob Violin Sonata (1943), pawg hu nkauj "Native Country" (1942, art. J. Kärner), “Labour and Struggle” (1944, st. P. Rummo), “Koj tiv tau cua daj cua dub” (1944, st. J. Kyarner), thiab lwm yam.
Xyoo 1945 Kapp ua tiav nws thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam The Fires of Vengeance (libre P. Rummo). Nws qhov kev nqis tes ua tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1944th, thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg Estonian tawm tsam Teutonic Knights. Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog hauv Estonia, Kapp tau sau "Yam Lub Peb Hlis" rau tooj dag band (1948), uas tau nrov thaum lub koom haum Estonian nkag mus hauv Tallinn. Tom qab rov qab mus rau Tallinn, Kapp qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb yog nrhiav clavier ntawm nws tus kws ntaus pob tesniv Kalevipoeg, uas tseem nyob hauv nroog uas yog Nazis. Txhua xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, tus composer txhawj xeeb txog nws txoj hmoo. Kapp qhov kev xyiv fab zoo li cas thaum nws kawm tias cov neeg ncaj ncees tau cawm cov clavier! Pib los ua kom tiav qhov kev ntaus pob, tus kws sau nkauj tau saib tshiab ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Nws qhia meej meej txog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm epic - kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg Estonian rau lawv txoj kev ywj pheej. Siv cov thawj, thawj Estonian suab paj nruag, nws tau qhia tawm lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm cov cim. Lub ballet premiered nyob rau hauv 10 ntawm lub Estonia Theatre. "Kalevipoeg" tau dhau los ua kev ua yeeb yam nyiam ntawm Estonian cov neeg tuaj saib. Kapp ib zaug hais tias: “Kuv ib txwm nyiam cov neeg uas tau muab lawv lub zog, lawv lub neej rau kev yeej ntawm lub tswv yim zoo ntawm kev vam meej hauv zej zog. Kev qhuas rau cov neeg zoo li no tau ua thiab tab tom nrhiav kev tawm hauv kev muaj tswv yim. Qhov no lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug zoo kawg li artist twb embodied nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Rau 1950th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Soviet Estonia, Kapp sau zaj yeeb yaj kiab The Singer of Freedom (2, 1952nd edition 100, libre P. Rummo). Nws yog nplooj siab rau lub cim xeeb ntawm tus naas ej Estonian kws sau paj lug J. Syutiste. Muab pov rau hauv tsev lojcuj los ntawm German fascists, lub siab tawv dawb huv fighter, zoo li M. Jalil, tau sau paj huam fiery nyob rau hauv lub qhov taub, hu rau cov neeg los tawm tsam cov fascist invaders. Kev poob siab los ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm S. Allende, Kapp mob siab rau nws requiem cantata Hla Andes rau txiv neej hu nkauj thiab soloist rau nws nco. Nyob rau lub ntees ntawm lub hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub hnub yug ntawm tus naas ej revolutionary X. Pegelman, Kapp sau zaj nkauj "Cia Hammers Knock" raws li nws cov paj huam.
Xyoo 1975, Kapp's Opera Rembrandt tau tshwm sim ntawm Vanemuine Theatre. "Hauv Opera Rembrandt," tus kws sau ntawv sau tias, "Kuv xav qhia qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm tus kws ua yeeb yam ci ntsa iab nrog lub ntiaj teb ua haujlwm rau tus kheej thiab siab hlob, kev tsim txom ntawm kev tsim txom kev ua qhev, kev tsim txom ntawm sab ntsuj plig." Kapp mob siab rau lub monumental oratorio Ernst Telman (60, art. M. Kesamaa) rau xyoo 1977th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Tsov Rog.
Ib nplooj ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Kapp yog tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau cov menyuam yaus - operas Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Zeeg Zaj Dab Neeg (1958), Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws Zoo Tshaj Plaws (1984, raws li zaj dab neeg los ntawm GX Andersen), Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws tshaj plaws, tus neeg ntaus pob tesniv Golden Spinners (1956), lub operetta "Assol" (1966), lub suab paj nruag "Cornflower txuj ci tseem ceeb" (1982), nrog rau ntau yam instrumental tej hauj lwm. Ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm xyoo tas los no yog "Zoo Siab Txais Tos Txais" (1983), cantata "Kev yeej" (ntawm M. Kesamaa chaw nres tsheb, 1983), Concerto rau cello thiab chamber orchestra (1986), thiab lwm yam.
Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej ntev, Kapp yeej tsis txwv nws tus kheej rau kev tsim suab paj nruag. Xib fwb ntawm Tallinn Conservatory, nws tau kawm xws li nto moo composers xws li E. Tamberg, H. Kareva, H. Lemmik, G. Podelsky, V. Lipand thiab lwm yam.
Kapp cov kev ua ub no muaj ntau yam. Nws ua raws li ib tug ntawm cov koom haum ntawm Estonian Composers 'Union thiab tau ntau xyoo yog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm nws pawg thawj coj.
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