Boris Alexandrovich Tchaikovsky |

Boris Tchaikovsky

Qhov no composer yog heev Lavxias teb sab. Nws lub ntiaj teb sab ntsuj plig yog lub ntiaj teb uas muaj siab dawb huv thiab zoo siab heev. Muaj ntau yam uas tsis tau hais hauv lub suab paj nruag no, qee qhov zais ntshis, kev coj dawb huv ntawm sab ntsuj plig. G. Sviridov

B. Tchaikovsky yog ib tug ci ntsa iab thiab thawj tus tswv, nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm originality, originality thiab tob tob ntawm suab paj nruag xav yog organically intertwined. Tau ntau xyoo lawm, tus kws sau ntawv, txawm tias kev sim siab ntawm kev zam thiab lwm yam kev tuaj koom, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam mus rau nws tus kheej hauv kev kos duab. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb npaum li cas nws ua siab tawv qhia rau hauv nws txoj haujlwm yooj yim tshaj plaws, qee zaum txawm tias paub cov lus qhuab qhia thiab cov qauv sib dhos. Rau, tau dhau los ntawm cov lim ntawm nws lub suab zoo kawg nkaus, kev xav tsis thoob, muaj peev xwm ua kom haum rau qhov seemingly incompatible, nws cov tshiab, pob tshab instrumentation, graphically meej, tab sis nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov xim zoo nkauj, feem ntau intonation molecule zoo tib yam tshwm sim rau cov mloog zoo li yog reborn. , nthuav tawm nws cov ntsiab lus, nws qhov tseem ceeb ...

B. Tchaikovsky yug hauv ib tsev neeg uas suab paj nruag nyiam heev thiab lawv cov tub tau txhawb kom kawm nws, ob leeg xaiv suab paj nruag ua lawv txoj haujlwm. Thaum yau, B. Tchaikovsky tau tsim thawj daim piano. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tseem muaj nyob rau hauv repertoire ntawm cov hluas pianists. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv nto moo ntawm Gnessins, nws kawm piano nrog ib tug ntawm nws cov founders E. Gnesina thiab A. Golovina, thiab nws thawj tus kws qhia ntawv nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv yog E. Messner, ib tug txiv neej uas tau coj mus rau ntau lub suab paj nruag nto moo, uas xav tsis thoob paub meej yuav ua li cas. coj tus me nyuam los daws cov teeb meem nyuaj heev. compositional dej num, qhia rau nws lub ntsiab lus ntawm intonational transformations thiab conjugations.

Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv lub Moscow Conservatory, B. Tchaikovsky kawm nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm nto moo Soviet masters - V. Shebalin, D. Shostakovich, N. Myaskovsky. Txawm li ntawd los, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm tus cwj pwm muaj tswv yim ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tshuab raj tau tshaj tawm meej meej, uas Myaskovsky tau tsim raws li hauv qab no: "Lub tsev khaws khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm Lavxias, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj ..." Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, B. Tchaikovsky kawm nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm qhov zoo kawg li Soviet pianist L. Oborin. Tus kws sau ntawv tseem ua tus txhais lus ntawm nws cov nkauj niaj hnub no. Hauv nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam, Piano Concerto, Trio, Violin thiab Cello Sonatas, Piano Quintet raug kaw rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sau npe.

Thaum ntxov ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, tus kws sau nkauj tau tsim ntau yam haujlwm tseem ceeb: Thawj Symphony (1947), Fantasia ntawm Lavxias Folk Themes (1950), Slavic Rhapsody (1951). Sinfonietta rau txoj hlua orchestra (1953). Nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm lawv, tus sau nrhiav pom ib qho tseem ceeb, tib neeg txoj hauv kev kom zoo li lub npe nrov intonation-melodic thiab cov ntsiab lus-semantic cov tswv yim, rau cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj, tsis muaj qhov twg straying rau cov stereotyped, stilted kev daws teeb meem uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawd. Tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob tias nws cov ntawv sau suav nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam xws li S. Samosud thiab A. Gauk hauv lawv cov repertoire. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum 1954-64, txwv nws tus kheej tsuas yog rau lub teb ntawm chamber instrumental hom (Piano Trio - 1953; Thawj Quartet - 1954; String Trio - 1955; Sonata rau Cello thiab Piano, Concerto rau Clarinet thiab Chamber Orchestra - 1957; Sonata rau Violin thiab piano - 1959; Thib Ob Quartet - 1961; Piano Quintet - 1962), tus kws sau ntawv tsis yog tsuas yog tsim cov lus suab paj nruag uas tsis muaj tseeb, tab sis kuj tau txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm nws tus kheej lub ntiaj teb, qhov chaw zoo nkauj, embodied hauv cov ntsiab lus suab paj nruag, hauv Lavxias. free, unhurried, "laconic", tshwm raws li ib tug cim ntawm kev coj dawb huv purity thiab perseverance ntawm ib tug neeg.

Lub Cello Concerto (1964) qhib lub sijhawm tshiab hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm B. Tchaikovsky, cim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb symphonic uas ua rau cov lus nug tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua. Tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab, kev xav nyob sib tsoo hauv lawv nrog rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tsis nres ntawm lub sijhawm, lossis nrog kev tsis txaus ntseeg, kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub ua haujlwm, lossis nrog kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev ua phem tsis zoo. Qee lub sij hawm cov kev sib tsoo no xaus tragically, tab sis txawm tias tom qab ntawd tus mloog lub cim xeeb khaws lub sijhawm ntawm kev nkag siab siab dua, kev txhawb siab ntawm tib neeg tus ntsuj plig. Xws li ob (1967) thiab Thib Peb, "Sevastopol" (1980), symphonies; Lub ntsiab lus thiab Yim Variations (1973, nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 200th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Dresden Staatskapelle); symphonic paj huam "Cua ntawm Siberia" thiab "Teenager" (tom qab nyeem ntawv tshiab los ntawm F. Dostoevsky – 1984); Suab paj nruag rau Orchestra (1987); Violin (1969) thiab Piano (1971) concertos; Plaub (1972), Tsib (1974) thiab thib rau (1976) quartets.

Qee lub sij hawm lyrical qhia zoo li yuav muab zais tom qab ib nrab tso dag, ib nrab-ironic qhov ncauj qhov ntswg ntawm stylization los yog dryish etude. Tab sis ob qho tib si hauv Partita rau cello thiab chamber ensemble (1966) thiab hauv Chamber Symphony, nyob rau hauv kev tu siab kawg nkaus, ntawm cov fragments-echoes ntawm yav dhau los chorales thiab lub peb hlis ntuj txav, unisons thiab toccatas, ib yam dab tsi tsis yooj yim thiab tsis pub leejtwg paub tus kheej, nyob zoo, yog qhia. . Hauv Sonata rau ob lub pianos (1973) thiab hauv Six Etudes rau cov hlua thiab cov khoom nruab nrog (1977), kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau hom kev ntxhib los mos kuj zais ob txoj kev npaj - sketches, "etudes" txog kev xav thiab kev xav, sib txawv ntawm lub neej kev xav, maj mam. tsim rau hauv ib daim duab sib haum xeeb ntawm lub ntsiab lus, "humanized ntiaj teb". Tus kws sau ntawv tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam los txhais tau tias kos los ntawm arsenal ntawm lwm yam txuj ci. Nws kawm tiav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub conservatory - lub opera "Star" tom qab E. Kazakevich (1949) - tseem tsis tiav. Tab sis piv rau ob peb ntawm B. Tchaikovsky lub suab ua haujlwm tau mob siab rau cov teeb meem tseem ceeb: tus kws kos duab thiab nws txoj hmoo (lub voj voog "Pushkin's Lyrics" - 1972), kev xav txog lub neej thiab kev tuag (cantata rau soprano, harpsichord thiab cov hlua "Cov cim ntawm Zodiac" ntawm F. Tyutchev, A. Blok, M. Tsvetaeva thiab N. Zabolotsky), hais txog txiv neej thiab xwm (lub voj voog "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav" ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb N. Zabolotsky). Nyob rau hauv 1988, nyob rau hauv lub Success ntawm Soviet suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv Boston (Tebchaws USA), Plaub Paj huam ntawm I. Brodsky, sau rov qab rau hauv 1965, tau ua thawj zaug. Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, lawv cov suab paj nruag hauv peb lub tebchaws tau paub tsuas yog hauv tus sau phau ntawv sau txog xyoo 1984 (Four preludes for chamber orchestra). Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Moscow Autumn-88 Success ua lub voj voog suab rau thawj zaug nyob rau hauv lub USSR nyob rau hauv nws thawj version.

B. Tchaikovsky yog tus sau paj huam thiab zoo siab rau xov tooj cua fairy tales rau cov me nyuam raws li GX Andersen thiab D. Samoilov: "Tus tub rog Tin", "Galoshes ntawm kev zoo siab", "Swineherd", "Puss in Boots", "Tuam Tshoj". Elephant” thiab ntau lwm tus, kuj paub ua tsaug rau gramophone cov ntaub ntawv. Rau tag nrho cov sab nrauv simplicity thiab unpretentiousness, muaj ib tug ntau ntawm witty cov ntsiab lus, hloov maj mam reminiscences, tab sis txawm lub me ntsis kev pab cuam ntawm schlager standardization, stampedness, nrog rau cov khoom xws li tej zaum kev txhaum, yog kiag li tsis tuaj. Ib yam li tshiab, meej thiab ntseeg tau yog nws cov suab paj nruag kev daws teeb meem hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab xws li Seryozha, Balzaminov's Marriage, Aibolit-66, Patch and Cloud, French Lessons, Teenager.

Figuratively hais lus, nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm B. Tchaikovsky muaj ob peb sau ntawv, tab sis ib tug ntau ntawm cov suab paj nruag, ntau huab cua, qhov chaw. Nws intonations tsis yog banal, tab sis lawv cov kev huv thiab tshiab yog nyob deb ntawm ob qho tib si "tshuaj lom neeg ntshiab" kev sim, txhob txwm tso tawm los ntawm ib qho kev qhia ntawm txhua hnub intonation, thiab los ntawm kev sim "flirt" nrog rau qhov chaw no. Koj tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​txog kev puas siab puas ntsws ua haujlwm hauv lawv. Cov suab paj nruag no xav tau tib yam haujlwm ntawm tus ntsuj plig los ntawm cov neeg mloog, muab nws rov qab zoo siab los ntawm kev nkag siab zoo ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb, uas tsuas yog kos duab tiag tiag tuaj yeem muab tau.

V. Licht