Eric Satie (Erik Satie) |

Erik Satie

Txaus huab, huab cua thiab thoob dej yug ntses, dej nymphs thiab ntxhiab ntawm hmo ntuj; peb xav tau lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag ntawm lub neej txhua hnub!… J. Cocteau

E. Satie yog ib tus kws sau ntawv Fab Kis uas tsis sib haum xeeb tshaj plaws. Nws ua rau nws xav tsis thoob ntau dua ib zaug los ntawm kev hais lus hauv nws cov lus tshaj tawm tswv yim tawm tsam qhov nws tau mob siab rau tiv thaiv kom txog thaum tsis ntev los no. Nyob rau xyoo 1890, tau ntsib C. Debussy, Satie tawm tsam qhov muag tsis pom kev imitation ntawm R. Wagner, rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov suab paj nruas impressionism, uas yog lub cim kev txhawb siab ntawm Fab Kis teb chaws kos duab. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws sau ntawv tau tawm tsam lub epigones ntawm impressionism, tawm tsam nws vagueness thiab refinement nrog clarity, simplicity, thiab nruj ntawm linear sau. Cov tub ntxhais sau ntawv ntawm "Six" tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Sati. Ib tug tsis txaus siab ntxeev siab nyob rau hauv lub composer, hu rau lub overthrow ntawm kev lig kev cai. Sati tau ntxim nyiam cov hluas nrog kev sib tw ua siab tawv rau philistine saj, nrog nws txoj kev ywj pheej, kev txiav txim siab zoo nkauj.

Sati tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm chaw nres nkoj broker. Ntawm cov txheeb ze tsis muaj suab paj nruag, thiab thaum ntxov manifested attraction rau suab paj nruag mus unnoticed. Tsuas yog thaum Eric muaj 12 xyoos - tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Paris - tau pib kawm suab paj nruag loj. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo, Sati nkag mus rau Paris Conservatory, kawm txog kev sib haum xeeb thiab lwm yam kev kawm nyob rau qee lub sijhawm, thiab kawm piano. Tab sis tsis txaus siab rau qhov kev cob qhia, nws tawm hauv chav kawm thiab ua haujlwm pab tub rog. Rov qab mus rau Paris ib xyoos tom qab, nws ua haujlwm ua pianist hauv me me cafes hauv Montmartre, qhov chaw nws ntsib C. Debussy, uas tau xav txog qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas pianist thiab txawm coj mus rau lub orchestration ntawm nws lub voj voog piano Gymnopédie. . Cov neeg paub dhau los ua kev phooj ywg mus sij hawm ntev. Satie txoj kev cuam tshuam tau pab Debussy kov yeej nws txoj kev nyiam hluas nrog Wagner txoj haujlwm.

Xyoo 1898, Satie tau tsiv mus rau Parisian suburb ntawm Arcay. Nws nyob hauv ib chav tsev me me nyob rau hauv pem teb thib ob saum lub tsev noj mov me me, thiab tsis muaj leej twg ntawm nws cov phooj ywg tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov chaw nkaum ntawm tus sau. Rau Sati, lub npe menyuam yaus "Arkey hermit" tau ntxiv dag zog. Nws nyob ib leeg, zam cov tshaj tawm, zam cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Qee lub sij hawm nws tshwm sim hauv Paris nrog qee qhov haujlwm tshiab. Tag nrho cov suab paj nruag Paris rov hais dua Sati's witticisms, nws zoo- aimed, ironic aphorisms txog kev kos duab, hais txog cov khub composers.

Xyoo 1905-08. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 39 xyoos, Satie nkag mus rau hauv Schola cantorum, qhov chaw uas nws kawm counterpoint thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog O. Serrier thiab A. Roussel. Sati cov ntawv sau thaum ntxov hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo 80s thiab 90s: 3 Gymnopedias, Mass of the Poor for choir and organ, Cold Pieces for piano.

Hauv 20s. Nws pib luam tawm cov ntawv sau ntawm cov piano, txawv txawv hauv daim ntawv, nrog cov npe nrov heev: "Peb Daim Duab Ntawm Lub Pear", "Hauv Nees Daim tawv nqaij", "Tsis Siv Neeg Cov Lus Qhia", "Dried Embryos". Ib tug xov tooj ntawm spectacular melodic nkauj-waltzes, uas sai sai tau nrov, kuj yog nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv 1915, Satie los ze zog rau tus kws sau paj lug, playwright thiab suab paj nruag critic J. Cocteau, uas caw nws, koom tes nrog P. Picasso, sau ib tug ballet rau S. Diaghilev lub troupe. Lub premiere ntawm lub ballet "Parade" tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1917 nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm E. Ansermet.

Kev txiav txim siab primitivism thiab hais txog kev tsis quav ntsej txog kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub suab, kev taw qhia ntawm lub suab ntawm lub tsheb sirens rau hauv cov qhab nia, lub chirping ntawm lub tshuab ntaus ntawv thiab lwm yam suab nrov ua rau lub suab nrov nrov hauv cov pej xeem thiab tawm tsam los ntawm cov neeg thuam, uas tsis ua rau cov neeg sau ntawv thiab lwm yam suab nrov. nws cov phooj ywg. Nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm Parade, Sati recreated tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub suab paj nruag Hall, lub intonations thiab rhythms ntawm txhua txhua hnub txoj kev melodies.

Sau xyoo 1918, cov suab paj nruag ntawm "symphonic dramas nrog kev hu nkauj ntawm Socrates" ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Plato txoj kev sib tham tiag tiag, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseeb, txwv tsis pub, txawm tias hnyav, thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm "Parade", txawm hais tias cov haujlwm no tau sib cais los ntawm ib xyoos xwb. Tom qab ua tiav Socrates, Satie pib siv lub tswv yim ntawm cov khoom siv suab paj nruag, sawv cev, zoo li nws, lub suab keeb kwm ntawm lub neej niaj hnub.

Sati tau siv xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv kev cais, nyob hauv Arkay. Nws rhuav tshem tag nrho cov kev sib raug zoo nrog "Six" thiab tau sau ib ncig ntawm nws ib pab pawg neeg tshiab, uas hu ua "Arkey tsev kawm ntawv". (Nws suav nrog cov kws sau ntawv M. Jacob, A. Cliquet-Pleyel, A. Sauge, tus neeg xyuas pib R. Desormières). Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus zoo nkauj ntawm lub koom haum muaj tswv yim no yog qhov kev ntshaw rau kev ywj pheej tshiab. Sati txoj kev tuag dhau los yuav luag tsis pom. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub lig 50s. muaj kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim, muaj cov kaw lus ntawm nws lub piano thiab cov suab paj nruag.

V. Ilyeva