Alexander Nikolaevich Kholminov (Alexander Kholminov) |
Alexander Kholminov
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm A. Kholminov tau dhau los ua neeg paub ntau hauv peb lub tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws. Thiab qhov no tsis yog xav tsis thoob, txij li txhua yam ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, xws li ib zaj nkauj, opera, symphony, thov rau ib tug neeg, ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo. Lub siab dawb paug ntawm cov lus, kev sib raug zoo ua rau cov neeg mloog imperceptible mus rau complexity ntawm lub suab paj nruag lus, lub hauv paus tob ntawm uas yog thawj Lavxias teb sab song. "Txhua qhov xwm txheej, suab paj nruag yuav tsum yeej hauv kev ua haujlwm," tus kws sau nkauj hais. "Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb, tau kawg, tab sis kuv nyiam xav. Kev xav suab paj nruag tshiab yog qhov tsis tshua muaj siab tshaj plaws, thiab, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, nws nyob hauv qhov pib melodic.
Kholminov yug hauv tsev neeg ua haujlwm. Nws cov xyoo thaum yau coincided nrog ib tug nyuaj, contradictory lub sij hawm, tab sis rau cov me nyuam tub lub neej yog ces qhib rau nws muaj tswv yim sab, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, kev txaus siab rau suab paj nruag yog txiav txim siab thaum ntxov. Kev nqhis dej rau kev nyiam suab paj nruag tau txaus siab los ntawm xov tooj cua, uas tau tshwm sim hauv tsev thaum ntxov 30s, uas tshaj tawm ntau lub suab paj nruag classic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Lavxias teb sab opera. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, ua tsaug rau lub xov tooj cua, nws twb perceived raws li ib tug ntshiab kev hais kwv txhiaj, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd los ua rau Kholminov ib feem ntawm theatrical ua yeeb yam. Lwm qhov kev xav zoo sib xws yog lub suab zaj duab xis thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov duab nto moo Chapaev. Leej twg paub, tej zaum, ntau xyoo tom qab, ib tug me nyuam mob siab rau tshwm sim rau composer mus rau lub Opera Chapaev (raws li lub tshiab ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm D. Furmanov thiab screenplay ntawm Vasiliev cov kwv tij).
Xyoo 1934, cov chav kawm pib ntawm lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag hauv Baumansky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Moscow. Muaj tseeb, kuv yuav tsum ua yam tsis muaj lub suab paj nruag, vim tsis muaj nyiaj los yuav nws. Cov niam txiv tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev mob siab rau kev ua suab paj nruag, tab sis lawv tau mob siab rau qhov tsis muaj tus kheej uas tus kws sau nkauj yav tom ntej tau koom nrog, qee zaum tsis nco qab txog txhua yam. Tseem tsis muaj lub tswv yim txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau, Sasha, ua ib tug tub kawm ntawv, tau sau nws thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam, Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Tus Pov Thawj thiab Nws Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Balda, uas tau ploj mus thaum xyoo tsov rog, thiab txhawm rau txhawm rau kho nws, nws tus kheej kawm F . Gevart's Guide to Instrumentation poob rau hauv nws txhais tes.
Xyoo 1941, cov chav kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tso tseg. Rau qee lub sijhawm Kholminov ua haujlwm ntawm Tub Rog Academy. Frunze nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag, nyob rau hauv 1943 nws nkag mus rau hauv lub suab paj nruag tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub Moscow Conservatory, thiab nyob rau hauv 1944 nws nkag mus rau lub conservatory nyob rau hauv lub composition ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm An. Alexandrov, ces E. Golubeva. Lub tswv yim kev loj hlob ntawm tus composer tau mus sai heev. Nws cov nkauj tau rov ua dua los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hu nkauj thiab suab paj nruag, thiab piano preludes thiab "Cossack Song", uas tau txais thawj qhov khoom plig ntawm kev sib tw Conservatory, tau hnov hauv xov tooj cua.
Kholminov kawm tiav los ntawm Conservatory nyob rau hauv 1950 nrog cov paj huam symphonic "Tus Hluas Guard", tam sim ntawd mus rau lub Union ntawm Composers, thiab sai sai no tiag tiag zoo thiab kev lees paub los rau nws. Nyob rau hauv 1955, nws tau sau "Song of Lenin" (nyob rau hauv lub stanza ntawm Yu. Kamenetsky), uas D. Kabalevsky hais tias: "Hauv kuv lub tswv yim, Kholminov ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv thawj artistic ua hauj lwm ua tiav rau cov duab ntawm tus thawj coj." Kev vam meej txiav txim siab qhov kev coj ua tom ntej ntawm kev muaj tswv yim - ib los ntawm ib tus kws sau nkauj tsim cov nkauj. Tab sis tus npau suav ntawm ib tug opera nyob rau hauv nws tus plig, thiab, tau tsis kam ib tug xov tooj ntawm tempting muab los ntawm Mosfilm, tus composer ua hauj lwm rau 5 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub opera Optimistic Tragedy (raws li ua si los ntawm Vs. Vishnevsky), ua kom tiav nyob rau hauv 1964. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub opera tau los ua ib hom kev ua haujlwm ntawm Kholminov. Txog rau xyoo 1987, 11 ntawm lawv tau tsim, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv tus kws sau ntawv tau hloov mus rau cov ntsiab lus hauv tebchaws, rub lawv los ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv Lavxias thiab Soviet. "Kuv nyiam cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias heev rau nws txoj kev coj ncaj ncees, kev ncaj ncees qhov siab, kev ua yeeb yam zoo meej, kev xav, qhov tob. Kuv nyeem Gogol cov lus tsim nyog lawv qhov hnyav hauv kub, "hais tias tus kws sau ntawv.
Nyob rau hauv opera, kev sib txuas nrog cov kab lig kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab classical tsev kawm ntawv yog kom meej meej taug qab. Cov neeg Lavxias ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws ("Kev xav tsis zoo, Chapaev"), qhov teeb meem ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev paub txog lub neej (B. Asafiev) los ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm tib neeg tus cwj pwm los ntawm ib tus neeg, kev xav ntawm lub hlwb ("Cov. Cov kwv tij Karamazov" los ntawm F. Dostoevsky; "Lub Overcoat" los ntawm N Gogol, "Vanka, Kab tshoob" los ntawm A. Chekhov, "Twelfth Series" los ntawm V. Shukshin) - xws li yog lub hom phiaj ntawm Kholminov txoj hauj lwm operatic. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1987 nws tau sau opera "Steelworkers" (raws li kev ua si ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm G. Bokarev). "Kev nyiam tshaj lij tau tshwm sim los sim ua kom muaj lub ntsiab lus tsim khoom niaj hnub hauv kev ua yeeb yam suab paj nruag."
Ua tau zoo heev rau tus kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm yog kev koom tes ntev nrog Moscow Chamber Musical Theatre thiab nws tus thawj coj ua yeeb yam B. Pokrovsky, uas tau pib xyoo 1975 nrog kev tsim tawm ntawm ob lub yeeb yaj kiab raws li Gogol - "Cov Overcoat" thiab "Carriage". Kholminov qhov kev paub tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lwm cov neeg sau ntawv Soviet thiab txhawb kev txaus siab hauv chav ua yeeb yam. Pokrovsky hais tias "Rau kuv, Kholminov nyob ze rau kuv tshaj plaws uas yog tus kws sau nkauj uas sau cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv chav ua yeeb yam," Pokrovsky hais. “Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nws sau lawv tsis txhob xaj, tab sis raws li nws lub siab xav. Yog li ntawd, tej zaum, cov haujlwm uas nws muab rau peb ua yeeb yam yeej ib txwm yog thawj. Tus thawj coj pom tseeb heev pom lub ntsiab feature ntawm lub composer lub tswv yim xwm, uas cov neeg muas zaub yog ib txwm nws tus kheej ntsuj plig. “Kuv yuav tsum ntseeg tias qhov no yog txoj haujlwm kuv yuav tsum tau sau tam sim no. Kuv sim tsis rov ua dua kuv tus kheej, tsis txhob rov ua dua kuv tus kheej, txhua zaus kuv nrhiav qee cov qauv suab. Txawm li cas los xij, kuv ua qhov no tsuas yog raws li kuv qhov kev xav tau. Thaum xub thawj, muaj lub siab xav rau qhov loj-scale suab paj nruas frescoes, ces lub tswv yim ntawm lub chamber opera, uas tso cai rau ib tug mus rau hauv lub depths ntawm tib neeg ntsuj plig, fascinated. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus nws tau sau nws thawj symphony, thaum nws xav tias muaj ib tug irresistible xav tau los qhia nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug loj symphonic daim ntawv. Tom qab ntawd nws tig mus rau hom ntawm quartet (tseem muaj qhov xav tau!)
Tseeb, symphony thiab chamber-instrumental suab paj nruag, ntxiv rau ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm, tshwm nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm ntawm Kholminov nyob rau hauv lub 7080s. Cov no yog 3 symphonies (Thawj - 1973; Thib ob, mob siab rau nws txiv - 1975; Peb, nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm 600th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm "Kev Sib Tw ntawm Kulikovo" - 1977), "Kev Zoo Siab Overture" (1977), "Festive Poem" ( 1980), Concert- symphony for flute and strings (1978), Concerto for cello and chamber choir (1980), 3 string quartets (1980, 1985, 1986) thiab lwm yam. Kholminov muaj suab paj nruag rau zaj duab xis, ib tug xov tooj ntawm suab thiab symphonic tej hauj lwm, ib tug ntxim nyiam "Children's Album" rau piano.
Kholminov tsis txwv rau nws tus kheej txoj haujlwm. Nws txaus siab rau cov ntawv nyeem, painting, architecture, attracts kev sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg ntawm ntau yam hauj lwm. Tus kws sau nkauj yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb nrhiav muaj tswv yim, nws ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab nyuaj rau cov nkauj tshiab - thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1988, Suab paj nruag rau txoj hlua thiab Concerto grosso rau chamber orchestra tau ua tiav. Nws ntseeg hais tias tsuas yog kev ua haujlwm muaj tswv yim niaj hnub ua rau muaj kev tshoov siab tiag tiag, ua rau muaj kev xyiv fab ntawm kev tshawb pom zoo nkauj.
O. Averyanova
