Txoj kev ntseeg |
los ntawm Greek enarmonios - enharmonic, lit. - consonant, consonant, sib haum xeeb
Kev sib npaug hauv qhov siab ntawm cov suab sib txawv hauv kev sau ntawv (piv txwv li, des = cis), ntu ntu (piv txwv li,
chords (as-c-es-ges=as-c-es-fis=gis-his-dis-fis etc.), yawm sij (Fis-dur=Ges-dur). Lub tswvyim ntawm "E." assumes 12-kauj ruam (sib npaug) temperament system (saib Temperament). Nws tsim nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau lub ncua sij hawm ntawm ancient genera - chromatic thiab enharmonic (saib Chromatism, Enharmonic) - thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub suab ntawm tag nrho peb genera (ua ke nrog diatonic) nyob rau hauv ib tug scale; Yog li, nruab nrab ntawm lub suab ntawm diatonic. ib lub suab tag nrho, suab ntawm ob qho tib si qis thiab qib siab yog muab tso rau, piv txwv li. (c)-des-cis-(d) nrog commatic qhov txawv ntawm lawv qhov siab (los ntawm P. de Beldemandis, thaum ntxov 15th caug xyoo; saib: Coussemaker E., Scriptorum…, t. 3, p. 257-58; y H . Vicentino, 1555). Khaws nyob rau hauv lub terminology ntawm theoretical. treatises, lub ancient enharmonics (qhov twg cov microintervals sib txawv nyob rau hauv qhov siab) nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, raws li temperament kis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov temperament, mus rau lub tshiab European E. (qhov twg lub microintervals, piv txwv li, eis thiab des, twb coincide nyob rau hauv qhov siab). Lub tswvyim ntawm "E." Qhov sib txawv ntawm duality: E. raws li kev qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej (passive lossis kev xav E.; piv txwv li, hauv Bach hauv 1st ntim ntawm Well-Tempered Clavier, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov yuam sij es-moll thiab dis-moll hauv 8th prelude thiab fugue; nyob rau hauv Beethoven nyob rau hauv Adagio 8th fi. Sonata E-dur = Fes-dur) thiab raws li ib qho kev qhia ntawm functional inequality ("detemperation", AS Ogolevets; raws li txoj cai intonation "ntse saum toj ca"), zais, tab sis khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub npog ntawm temperament (active los yog tiag E., piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv anharmonic modulation los ntawm hf-as-d = hf-gis-d thaum qhia ib tug reprise nyob rau hauv Gorislava lub cavatina los ntawm Glinka's Ruslan thiab Lyudmila).
Kev kos duab. Kev siv E. hauv Europe. suab paj nruag belongs rau qhov pib. 16th caug xyoo (A. Willart, duet “Quid non ebrietas”); E. tau dav siv hauv chromatic. madrigal ntawm 16th-17th centuries, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub tsev kawm ntawv Venetian. Txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm JS Bach, nws tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov kho tam sim ntawd, thiab lub voj voog ntawm 30 tus yuam sij ntawm qhov loj thiab me raws li nws tau dhau los ua qhov tsim nyog rau classical-romantic. suab paj nruag modulation sphere shapes. Nyob rau hauv tonal chromatic 20th caug xyoo system E. txoj kev sib raug zoo kuj raug xa mus rau intratonal kev sib txuas, piv txwv li. thaum pib ntawm 3rd ntu ntawm 6th fp. Prokofiev's sonata, chord nVI> ntawm lub degree (pas sab) yog melodically xam los ntawm lub suab ntawm lub enharmonic zoo tib yam rau nws nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib degree (ntse sab; nyob rau hauv cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv ntawm excerpt - enharmonic simplification):
NWS Prokofiev. 6th sonata for piano, ntu III.
E. qhov kev xav tau nce mus txog nws qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv 12-tone suab paj nruag, nyob rau hauv qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau zoo tas li (rau qhov piv txwv suab paj nruag ntawm E., saib kab lus Dodecaphony).
References: Renchitsky PN, Qhia txog kev tsis sib haum xeeb, M., 1930; Ogolevets AS, Introduction to modern music xav, M.-L., 1946; Tyulin Yu. (H.), Ib chav kawm luv luv hauv kev sib haum xeeb, L., 1960, hloov kho. thiab ntxiv., M., 1978; Pereverzev N. (K.), Teeb meem ntawm suab paj nruag intonation, M., 1966; Sposobin IV, Lectures on the course of harmony, M., 1969; Beldemandis P. de., Libellus monocordi (1413), in Coussemaker E. de, Scriptorum de musica medii aevi. Novam se..., t. 3, Parisiis, 1869, fax. reissue Hildesheim, 1963; Vicentino N., L'antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica…, Roma, 1555, facsimile. reissue Kassel, 1959; Scheibe JA, Compendium musices… (c. 1730-36), in Benary P., Die deutsche Kompositionslehre des 18. Jahrhunderts, Lpz., 1961; Levitan JS, A. Willaert tus nto moo duo, “Tijdschrift der Vereeniging vor Nederlandse Muziekgeschiedenis”, 1938, bd 15; Lowinsky EE, Tonality and atonality in 1961th-century music, Berk.-Los Ang., XNUMX.
Yu. N. Kholopov
