Diatonic |
los ntawm Greek dia - dhau, nrog thiab tonos - suab (tag nrho lub suab), cov ntawv - mus raws lub suab
Ib tug xya-suab system, tag nrho cov suab uas yuav tsum tau teem nyob rau hauv zoo meej fifths. Xws li, piv txwv li, yog qhov sib lawv liag ntawm cov ntu hauv lwm cov Greek. diatonic tetrachord: e1 - d1 - c1 - h (ob lub suab tag nrho thiab ib lub suab), sib piv rau qhov sib lawv liag ntawm chromatic intervals. tetrachord e1 – des1 – c 1 – h (tsis tag nrho cov tones). Diatonic yog cov ntu ntu thiab chords uas tuaj yeem tau txais hauv cov saw hlau ntawm rau tsib feem (ib qho piv txwv tau muab rau hauv tus yuam sij ntawm C-dur):
(qee zaum ib qho tritone raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm ib qho dawb huv plaub lossis ib qho dawb huv thib tsib yog coj tsis yog diatonic, tab sis raws li lub sijhawm chromatic).
Muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntu ntawm tib hom thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam thib tsib (Q) tsim lub sijhawm no hauv ib qho dawb huv D. nruab nrab ntawm tag nrho cov suab hauv qhov system thiab tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam thib tsib:
h. pib, h. octave (0Q) tshwm sim 7 zaug (7-0), h. xib, h. quart (1Q) tshwm sim 6 zaug (7-1), b. ob, m. xya (2Q) tshwm sim 5 zaug (7-2), b. xib, m. thib peb (3Q) tshwm sim 4 zaug (7-3), b. peb, m. thib rau (4Q) tshwm sim 3 zaug (7-4), b. xib, m. thib ob (5Q) tshwm sim 2 zaug (7-5), tritone (6Q) tshwm sim 1 zaug (7-6).
Intervals kuj suav hais tias yog diatonic nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no thaum lawv tsim los ntawm chromatically hloov cov kauj ruam (piv txwv li, as-b yog diatonic tag nrho cov suab, ob qho tib si tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab hauv qhov tseem ceeb, piv txwv li, hauv C-dur). Tib yam siv rau chords (piv txwv li, ges-b-des hauv C-dur yog diatonic chord ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis-diatonic). Yog li ntawd, GL Catoire paub qhov txawv ntawm chromatic chord. qhov tseem ceeb (piv txwv li, d-fis-as-c) thiab chromatic. los ntawm txoj hauj lwm (piv txwv li, des-f-as hauv C-dur). Ntau hom Greek thaum ub yog diatonic, nrog rau hom medieval thiab lwm yam ntuj tsim, suav nrog tam sim no thoob plaws Ionian (natural loj) thiab Aeolian (natural minor) hom:
Nyob rau hauv ib tug dav dav, lub thiaj li hu. conditionally diatonic modes, variable diatonic modes, systems and scales (saib hom). Hauv qee cov qauv no, nrog rau cov suab nrov thiab semitones, kev nthuav dav kuj nkag mus. thib ob.
Anhemitonic pentatonic (raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm Catoire, "protodiatonic") thiab Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. hexachords tuaj yeem txhais tau tias tsis tiav diatonic. tshuab.
Qee lub sij hawm 12-suab (12-kauj ruam) tshuab hu ua diatonic, txhua kauj ruam uas tau kho raws li kev ywj pheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub ntsiab lus sib txawv tau muab tso rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm D.: D. raws li cov txheej txheem hauv paus. cov kauj ruam (AS Ogolevets, MM Skorik).
Hauv lwm Greek. D. suab paj nruag yog ib qho ntawm peb txoj kev xav ("genera"), nrog rau chromaticity, uas siv ob lub vib nas this me me ua ke, nrog rau kev nce ntxiv. thib ob, thiab anharmonics, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov uas yog qhov luv dua li semitone. Hauv Greek no cov suab paj nruag zoo ib yam li lwm cov kab lis kev cai monophonic thaum ub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ze East thiab Mediterranean.
Cov ntawv sib txawv ntawm D. tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Western European. thiab Russian folk-song art, as well as prof. Cov suab paj nruag European (Gregorian chant), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab kev pom zoo ntawm polyphony raws li hom suab paj nruag. kev nthuav qhia. harmonic kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub suab yog nqa tawm feem ntau nrog kev pab los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov consonances yooj yim tshaj plaws - thib tsib thiab plaub, thiab plaub-quint kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub suab pab txhawb rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm diatonic. kev sib raug zoo.
Lub kaw lus ntawm hexachords, dav txij li lub sijhawm ntawm Guido d'Arezzo (saib Solmization), tau kho nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov dav dav diatonic. system modal variability (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev hloov
-mol thiab
- durum, ie b thiab h). Zoo sib xws modal variability kuj yog yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab. pawg ntseeg suab paj nruag (h hauv qab no thiab b saum toj no, saib "txhua hnub teev" hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no). Hais txog qhov no yog kev xyaum sau cov suab nrog dec. cov cim tseem ceeb, np. tsis muaj cim nyob rau hauv lub suab sab sauv thiab nrog ib tug ca nyob rau hauv qis.
G. de Macho. Ballad 1. Ci comencent les balades ou il ha chant, tuav 1-3.
Nrog rau kev tsim ntawm dominance ntawm "harmonic. tonality”—qhov loj thiab me (txij li xyoo pua 17th), ib hom kev ntsuas tshiab, raws li kev ua haujlwm. ib qho system ntawm peb lub ntsiab triads - tonics, dominants thiab subdominants, interconnected los ntawm kev sib raug zoo thib tsib. Limiting centralization ntawm hom raws li kev ua haujlwm. kev sib haum xeeb ua rau kev tsim cov chord-harmonic tshiab. Kev sib txuas ntawm cov suab nrov ntawm hom (piv txwv li, hauv C-dur, lub suab d yog txuas nrog lub suab nrov ntawm lub tonic los ntawm lub suab tseem ceeb ntawm g, suab e - koom nrog tonic triad, f - raws li lub suab nrov. ntawm lub subdominant, thiab lwm yam), uas yog paub nyob rau hauv sequences ntawm chords (theoretically substantiated los ntawm JF Rameau). Non-diatonic Elements thiab chromatics yog tsim los ntawm D. ob qho tib si melodically thiab chordally-harmonically los ntawm kev hloov pauv, sib xyaw ntawm cov twj paj nruag diatonic sib txawv. cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv succession thiab nyob rau hauv simultaneity (polydiatonic).
Thaum 19 - beg. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, ntawm ib sab, tus qub D. tau rov kho dua thiab D. Nar. warehouse thiab ze rau nws (hauv F. Chopin, F. Liszt, E. Grieg, K. Debussy, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab composers - MI Glinka, MA Balakirev, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, MP Mussorgsky thiab lwm yam).
Ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj kev hloov pauv mus rau chromaticity raws li lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv qhov siab. Qhov pib ntawm cov txheej txheem no tau muab los ntawm "Tristan" los ntawm R. Wagner. Ua tiav hloov mus rau chromatic plural. composers ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Viennese tshiab.
AK Lyadov. Yim neeg Lavxias teb sab nkauj. III. Drawstring.
Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th ntau hom D. yog siv: D. nar. warehouse, ze rau classic. loj thiab me; D. hauv decomp. kev hloov kho, polylady, polydiatonic. ua ke (IF Stravinsky, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, B. Bartok). Feem ntau D. tsuas yog ib lub hauv paus, ntau dua los yog tsawg daim ntaub thaiv (SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, P. Hindemith), los yog tshwm raws li ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov uas tsis yog-diatonic. cov qauv (diatonic teb yog cim nyob rau hauv kab lus):
NWS Prokofiev. "Betrothal hauv ib lub tsev teev ntuj" ("Duenna"). 2 daim duab, qhov kawg.
References: Serov AN, Lavxias teb sab pej xeem zaj nkauj raws li ib qho kev kawm ntawm science, "Lub Caij Nyoog", 1869/70, Tsis muaj 18, 1870/71, Tsis muaj 6 thiab 13; Petr VI, On compositions, structures and modes in ancient Greek music, K., 1901; Catuar GL, Theoretical course of harmony, part 1, M., 1924; Tyulin Yu. N., Qhia txog kev sib haum xeeb, ntu 1, L., 1937, 1966; nws tus kheej, Natural and alteration modes, M., 1971; Ogolevets AS, Fundamentals of the harmonic language, M.-L., 1941; Kastalsky AD, Fundamentals of folk polyphony, M.-L., 1948; Sposobin IV, Elementary theory of music, M., 1951, 1958; Kushnarev XS, Cov lus nug ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev xav ntawm Armenian monodic music, L., 1958; Berkov VO, Harmony, part 1, M., 1962; Xyoo 1970; Skorik MM, Prokofiev and Schoenberg, “SM”, 1962, No 1; Karklin LA, Generalize practical experience, “SM”, 1965, No 7; Sohor AH, On the Nature and Expressive Possibilities of Diatonicism, in: Questions of Theory and Aesthetics of Music, vol. 4, L.-M., 1965; Sposobin IV, Lectures on the course of harmony, M., 1969; Kotlyarevsky IA, Diatonics thiab Chromatics as a Category of Musical Myslennia, Kipv, 1971; Bochkareva O., Ntawm qee hom ntawm diatonic hauv cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub, hauv: Suab paj nruag thiab niaj hnub, vol. 7, M., 1971; ib. Sigitov S., Bela Bartok's modal system ntawm lub sij hawm lig ntawm creativity, nyob rau hauv sau: Teeb meem ntawm hom, M., 1972.
Yu. H. Kholopov
