Suav Folk Music: Kab lig kev cai dhau lub Millennia

Lub suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai ntawm Tuam Tshoj pib tshwm sim txog 4 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Cov pab pawg neeg seev cev, nkauj, nrog rau ntau hom kev ua yeeb yam hauv rituals yog suav tias yog nws lub hauv paus.

Rau cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws uas muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, cov nkauj pej xeem, seev cev, seev cev yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov lus "suab paj nruag" thiab "kev zoo nkauj" yog txhais los ntawm tib lub hieroglyph, tsuas yog lawv tau hais txawv me ntsis.

Nta thiab style ntawm Suav suab paj nruag

Cov neeg nyob sab Europe tau xav tsis thoob los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, pom nws qus thiab tsis nkag siab. Muaj lus piav qhia txog qhov kev xav no, vim hais tias Suav tsoos suab paj nruag muaj cov yam ntxwv ci ntsa iab, suav nrog:

• ua suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv unison (uas yog, ib qho kev nthuav qhia feem ntau monophonic, los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe twb tau tswj kom wean);
• faib tag nrho cov suab paj nruag rau hauv ob hom - sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb (hauv thawj qhov xwm txheej, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog muab rau cov twj paj nruag percussion; qhov thib ob, lub suab thiab lub siab lub ntsws ntawm cov suab paj nruag yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov kev sib dhos);
• lub predominance ntawm contemplative mus ob peb vas ntawm daim duab ntawm qhov kev txiav txim (European yog siv los ua yeeb yam hauv suab paj nruag);
• tshwj xeeb modal lub koom haum: es tsis txhob ntawm ib txwm loj thiab me rau pob ntseg, muaj ib tug pentatonic nplai yam tsis muaj semitones; ib qho tshwj xeeb txheej txheej xya-kauj ruam thiab, thaum kawg, "lu-lu" system ntawm 12 lub suab;
• atherosclerosis variability - nquag hloov ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab khib, siv cov suab paj nruag sib xyaw ua ke;
• kev sib sau ntawm paj huam, suab paj nruag thiab nta ntawm phonetics ntawm pej xeem hais lus.

Heroic mus ob peb vas, meej atherosclerosis, simplicity ntawm suab paj nruas lus yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm sab qaum teb ib txwm suab paj nruag ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Cov nkauj yav qab teb tau sib txawv heev - cov haujlwm tau sau nrog cov nkauj, kev ua kom zoo dua qub, lawv siv cov nplai pentatonic.

Lub hauv paus ntawm Suav lub tswv yim yog hylozoism, cov lus qhuab qhia uas qhia txog kev ua yeeb yam thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov teeb meem. Qhov no yog xav txog hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm Tuam Tshoj, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tib neeg thiab xwm. Yog li, raws li cov tswv yim ntawm Confucianism, suab paj nruag yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm ntawm tib neeg thiab ib txoj hauv kev ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb. Taoism tau muab kev kos duab rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ua rau kev sib xyaw ntawm tib neeg thiab qhov xwm txheej, thiab Buddhism tau hu ua lub hauv paus ntsiab lus mystical uas pab tib neeg ntawm sab ntsuj plig txhim kho thiab nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua.

Ntau yam suab paj nruag suav

Tshaj li ob peb txhiab xyoo ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm oriental kos duab, cov nram qab no hom suab paj nruag suav suav tau tsim:

• nkauj;
• seev cev;
• Suav opera;
• instrumental ua haujlwm.

Style, yam ntxwv thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam yeej tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nkauj suav. Creativity qhia txog lub peculiarities ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws, txoj kev ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg, thiab kuj txaus siab rau propaganda xav tau kev pab ntawm tsoom fwv.

Kev seev cev tau dhau los ua ib hom kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Suav tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua XNUMXth-XNUMXth, thaum ua yeeb yam thiab kev ua yeeb yam ib txwm muaj. Lawv tau ua rituals lossis ua yeeb yam, feem ntau ntawm lub tsev hais plaub imperial.

Suav tsoos erhu violin thiab piano

Suab nkauj kho siab

Tej hauj lwm uas tau ua ua ntej peb era, feem ntau hu nkauj ntawm xwm, lub neej, lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm. Ntau zaj nkauj suav tau muab siab rau plaub tsiaj - zaj, phoenix, qilin (ib tug tsiaj nyaum txuj ci tseem ceeb, hom chimera) thiab vaub kib. Qhov no tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm tej hauj lwm uas tau nqis los rau peb lub sij hawm (piv txwv li, "ntau pua tus noog pe hawm phoenix").

Tom qab ntawd, muaj ntau zaj nkauj hais txog cov ntsiab lus. Lawv tau muab faib ua:

• zaj nkauj ua haujlwm (nrog rau kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm, nuv ntses, taug kev porters);
• kev tawm tsam (kev nthuav tawm kev xiab nyiaj, kev ua phem ntawm cov tswv tsev);
• kev hlub thiab tsev neeg (hais txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm txiv neej thiab poj niam, lawv lub neej; cov nkauj tshiab qhia txog kev hloov hauv tsev neeg lub neej tom qab lub kiv puag ncig);
• playful, comic (qhov xwm txheej lom zem, lub sijhawm zoo siab tau piav qhia);
• lyrical (piav txog ib qho xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, ua kom nkag siab rau txhua tus neeg mloog; hauv cov nkauj suav suav, tus phab ej tsis muaj npe).

Ntau hom kev seev cev suav

Kev faib tawm daim duab kos duab no yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, txij li Tuam Tshoj yog lub tsev muaj txog 60 haiv neeg, txhua tus muaj kev seev cev tshwj xeeb.

"Lion Dance" thiab "Dragon Dance" yog suav tias yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws. Thawj yog lees paub tias yog qiv, txij li tsov ntxhuav tsis pom nyob rau hauv Suav teb. Cov neeg seev cev hnav ris tsho zoo li tus huab tais ntawm cov tsiaj nyaum. Qhov thib ob feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm kev ua koob tsheej hu rau nag.

Niaj hnub nimno Suav pej xeem zaj seev cev yog ua los ntawm kaum ob ntawm cov txiv neej tuav ib tug sib sib zog nqus zaj qauv ntawm sticks. Hauv Suav teb, muaj ntau dua 700 hom kev ua haujlwm no.

Ritual ntau yam tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau kev lom zem suav seev cev. Lawv muab faib ua peb pawg:

1. lub yi seev cev, uas yog ib feem ntawm Confucian ceremony;
2. nuo seev cev, uas cov dab phem raug ntiab tawm;
3. Tsam is a dance from Tibet.

Interestingly, tsoos suav seev cev yog siv rau kev noj qab haus huv lub hom phiaj. Feem ntau nws suav nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm oriental martial arts. Ib qho piv txwv classic yog tai chi, uas yog siv los ntawm ntau txhiab tus neeg Suav thaum sawv ntxov hauv cov tiaj ua si.

Folk music instruments

Lub suab paj nruag ntawm Ancient Tuam Tshoj muaj txog ib txhiab yam sib txawv, feem ntau ntawm cov uas, alas, tau poob rau hauv oblivion. Cov twj paj nruag suav suav tau muab cais raws li hom kev tsim suab:

• stringed plucked instruments: sanxian, guzheng, kunhou, liuqin, pipa nrog ntau cov hlua;
• hlua rauj instruments: zhu - zoo li cymbals;
• txoj hlua seev nrog hneev: erhu, dahu, leiqin, zhonghu;
• woodwind instruments: guan (ib hom oboe), dizi ( xyoob flute), sheng (lub qhov ncauj organ, ntau yooj yim - ib hom ntawm harmonica);
• percussion instruments: gong (hlau disk), paygu (timpani type drum).

Qhov chaw ntawm Folk Musicians nyob rau hauv Suav Culture

Cov neeg ua yeeb yam, uas tau tsim kho cov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg hauv lawv txoj haujlwm, tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub tsev hais plaub. Hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Tuam Tshoj los ntawm XNUMXth-XNUMXrd centuries BC, cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag tau ua yeeb yam raws li cov neeg muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm tus kheej thiab cov neeg xav paub txog kev nom kev tswv.

Los ntawm Han Dynasty mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm Southern thiab Northern Kingdoms, kab lis kev cai tau muaj kev txhawb nqa dav dav, thiab suab paj nruag ntawm Confucian ceremonies thiab secular lom zem ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tsev hais plaub kos duab. Ib chav tshwj xeeb ntawm Yuefu, tsim los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub, sau cov nkauj pej xeem.

Los ntawm 300th caug xyoo AD, kev ua yeeb yam orchestral ntawm Suav tsoos suab paj nruag tsim. Cov pab pawg suav los ntawm 700 mus rau XNUMX tus neeg ua yeeb yam. Orchestral creativity cuam tshuam cov evolution ntxiv ntawm pej xeem nkauj.

Thaum pib ntawm lub reign ntawm Qin dynasty (XVI caug xyoo) tau nrog ib tug general democratization ntawm kev lig kev cai. Suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam tau qhia. Tom qab ntawd, vim muaj teeb meem ntawm cov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv sab hauv, lub sij hawm poob pib, lub tsev hais plaub orchestras raug rho tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab lis kev cai tseem nyob hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm ntau pua tus neeg hu nkauj zoo.

Lub versatility ntawm Suav tsoos suab paj nruag yog piav qhia los ntawm kev nplua nuj kab lis kev cai thiab ntau haiv neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pejxeem. Qhov "kev phem thiab kev tsis paub" ntawm suav sau, raws li Berlioz tau hais, tau ploj mus ntev. Cov kws sau ntawv suav niaj hnub muab cov neeg mloog kom txaus siab rau ntau yam ntawm kev muaj tswv yim, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv ntau yam no txawm tias cov neeg mloog nrawm tshaj plaws yuav pom qhov nws nyiam.

Suav seev cev "Tuag-armed Guanyin"