Boris Emmanuilovich Khaikin |

Boris Khaikin

Cov Neeg Artist ntawm USSR (1972). Khaikin yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws Soviet opera conductors. Ntau xyoo dhau los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim, nws tau ua haujlwm hauv cov suab paj nruag zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws.

Tam sim ntawd tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm Moscow Conservatory (1928), qhov uas nws kawm ua yeeb yam nrog K. Saradzhev, thiab piano nrog A. Gedike, Khaikin nkag mus rau Stanislavsky Opera Theatre. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, nws twb tau ua nws thawj kauj ruam hauv kev coj ua, tau ua tiav kev cob qhia ua haujlwm raws li kev qhia ntawm N. Golovanov (opera chav kawm) thiab V. Suk ( chav kawm orchestral).

Twb tau nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, lub neej thawb tus neeg xyuas pib tawm tsam xws li tus tswv zoo li KS Stanislavsky. Hauv ntau qhov kev hwm, Khaikin cov ntsiab lus muaj tswv yim tau tsim los ntawm nws lub zog. Ua ke nrog Stanislavsky, nws tau npaj premieres ntawm The Barber of Seville thiab Carmen.

Khaikin cov txuj ci tau tshwm sim nws tus kheej nrog lub zog loj tshaj plaws thaum nws tsiv mus rau Leningrad hauv xyoo 1936, hloov S. Samosud ua tus thawj coj kos duab thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Maly Opera Theatre. Ntawm no nws muaj kev hwm los khaws thiab txhim kho cov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm nws tus thawj coj. Thiab nws tau tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no, sib txuas ua haujlwm ntawm classical repertoire nrog kev txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm los ntawm Soviet composers ("Virgin Av Upturned" los ntawm I. Dzerzhinsky, "Cola Breugnon" los ntawm D. Kabalevsky, "Niam" los ntawm V. Zhelobinsky, " Mutiny” los ntawm L. Khodja-Einatov ).

Txij li thaum xyoo 1943, Khaikin tau ua tus thawj coj thiab tus thawj coj ua yeeb yam ntawm Opera thiab Ballet Theatre muaj npe tom qab SM Kirov. Ntawm no tshwj xeeb hais yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov tswv yim kev sib cuag ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib nrog S. Prokofiev. Nyob rau hauv 1946, nws staged Duenna (Betrothal nyob rau hauv ib lub Monastery), thiab tom qab ntawd ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub opera The Tale ntawm ib tug tiag tiag txiv neej (qhov kev ua tau zoo tsis staged; tsuas yog kaw audition tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 3, 1948). Ntawm cov haujlwm tshiab los ntawm Soviet cov kws sau ntawv, Khaikin tau ua yeeb yam ntawm "Tsev Neeg ntawm Taras" los ntawm D. Kabalevsky, "Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv-Lake" los ntawm I. Dzerzhinsky. Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Lavxias teb sab classical repertoire - Tus Maid ntawm Orleans los ntawm Tchaikovsky, Boris Godunov thiab Khovanshchina los ntawm Mussorgsky - tau dhau los ua kev sib tw loj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, Khaikin kuj ua yeeb yam ua tus neeg ncaws pob (Pleeping Beauty, Nutcracker).

Cov theem tom ntej ntawm Khaikin lub tswv yim kev ua si yog txuam nrog lub Bolshoi Theatre ntawm lub USSR, uas nws tau ua ib tug neeg xyuas pib txij li thaum 1954. Thiab nyob rau hauv Moscow, nws tau them ntau xim rau Soviet suab paj nruag (operas "Niam" los ntawm T. Khrennikov, " Jalil" los ntawm N. Zhiganov, ballet "Forest Song" los ntawm G. Zhukovsky). Ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov repertoire tam sim no tau ua raws li Khaikin cov lus qhia.

"Cov duab muaj tswv yim ntawm BE Khaikin," sau Leo Ginzburg, "yog qhov tshwj xeeb heev. Raws li ib tug opera neeg xyuas pib, nws yog ib tug tswv uas muaj peev xwm organically sib txuas suab paj nruag dramaturgy nrog theatrical. Muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm nrog cov neeg hu nkauj, hu nkauj thiab lub suab paj nruag, mus tas li thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsis intrusively ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig nws xav tau, ib txwm ua rau muaj kev khuv leej ntawm cov koom haum rau nws. Cov saj zoo heev, kev coj noj coj ua zoo, kev nyiam suab paj nruag thiab kev nkag siab ntawm style ua rau nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam ib txwm tseem ceeb thiab zoo siab. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb ntawm nws txhais lus ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab Western classics.

Khaikin yuav tsum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws ua yeeb yam. Nws staged Khovanshchina hauv Florence (1963), Poj huab tais ntawm Spades hauv Leipzig (1964), thiab ua Eugene Onegin hauv Czechoslovakia thiab Faust hauv Romania. Khaykin kuj ua yeeb yam txawv teb chaws raws li ib tug symphony conductor (nyob rau hauv tsev, nws concerts ua yeeb yam feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab Leningrad). Tshwj xeeb, nws tau koom nrog kev ncig xyuas Leningrad Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra hauv Ltalis (1966).

Thaum ntxov li ntawm nruab nrab-thirties, xibfwb Khaikin txoj haujlwm qhia pib. Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm yog cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo xws li K. Kondrashin, E. Tons thiab ntau lwm tus.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969