Bassoon: nws yog dab tsi, suab, ntau yam, qauv, keeb kwm

Lub hnub yug ntawm lub bassoon tsis tau tsim, tab sis lub suab paj nruag no yeej yog los ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Txawm hais tias nws keeb kwm yav dhau los, nws tseem nrov niaj hnub no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm symphony thiab tooj dag bands.

Dab tsi yog bassoon

Bassoon belongs rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov cuab yeej cua. Nws lub npe yog Italian, txhais ua "pob", "knot", "bundles of firewood". Outwardly, nws zoo li ib tug me ntsis nkhaus, ntev raj, nruab nrog ib tug complex valve system, ob tug pas nrig.

Lub timbre ntawm lub bassoon yog suav hais tias qhia, enriched nrog overtones thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cov ntau yam. Feem ntau, 2 cov ntawv sau npe siv tau - qis dua, nruab nrab (saum toj yog tsawg dua hauv kev thov: sau ntawv suab, nruj, qhov ntswg).

Qhov ntev ntawm ib tug dog dig bassoon yog 2,5 meters, qhov hnyav yog kwv yees li 3 kg. Cov khoom ntawm kev tsim khoom yog ntoo, thiab tsis muaj, tab sis tsuas yog maple.

Tus qauv ntawm lub bassoon

Cov qauv tsim muaj 4 qhov tseem ceeb:

• lub hauv caug qis, tseem hu ua "khau raj", "ntev";
• lub hauv caug me;
• lub hauv caug loj;
• kev puas tsuaj.

Cov qauv yog collapsible. Qhov tseem ceeb yog lub iav los yog "es" - ib tug nkhaus hlau raj txuas los ntawm lub hauv caug me me, zoo li S nyob rau hauv daim ntawv. Ob chav reed cane yog mounted nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub iav - ib lub ntsiab uas ua hauj lwm rau extract suab.

Cov ntaub ntawv yog nruab nrog ntau lub qhov (25-30 daim): los ntawm kev qhib thiab kaw lawv, cov tshuab raj hloov lub suab. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tswj tau tag nrho cov qhov: tus neeg ua yeeb yam ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog ob peb ntawm lawv, tus so yog tsav los ntawm ib tug complex mechanism.

sounding

Lub suab ntawm lub bassoon yog heev peculiar, yog li cov twj paj nruag tsis ntseeg rau solo qhov chaw hauv lub orchestra. Tab sis nyob rau hauv me me koob tshuaj, thaum nws yog tsim nyog los qhia txog lub nuances ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, nws yog indispensable.

Nyob rau hauv ib tug qis register, lub suab zoo li ib tug hoarse grunt; yog tias koj coj nws me ntsis siab dua, koj tau txais kev tu siab, lyrical motive; siab sau ntawv yog muab rau cov cuab yeej nrog nyuaj, lawv suab tsis-melodious.

Qhov ntau ntawm bassoon yog kwv yees li 3,5 octaves. Txhua daim ntawv teev npe yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov ntoo tshwj xeeb: cov npe qis dua muaj cov suab nrov, nplua nuj, "tooj liab" suab, nruab nrab ib qho muaj softer, melodious, sib npaug. Lub suab ntawm cov npe sau npe yog siv tsis tshua muaj: lawv tau txais cov xim ntawm qhov ntswg, suab compressed, nyuaj ua.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub cuab yeej

Tus yawg koob ncaj yog ib qho qub medieval woodwind instrument, lub bombarda. Ua loj heev, complex nyob rau hauv cov qauv, nws ua rau nws nyuaj rau siv, nws tau muab faib mus rau hauv nws cov khoom seem.

Cov kev hloov pauv tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tsis yog rau kev txav ntawm lub cuab yeej xwb, tab sis ntawm nws lub suab: lub cav ntoo tau ua softer, softer, ntau sib haum xeeb. Tus qauv tsim tshiab yog Ameslikas hu ua "dulciano" (tshwj xeeb los ntawm Italian - "ntse").

Thawj piv txwv ntawm bassoons tau muab nrog peb li qub, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVIII tus naj npawb ntawm li qub tau nce mus rau tsib. Lub xyoo pua 11th yog lub sijhawm ntawm qhov muaj koob meej tshaj plaws ntawm qhov ntsuas. Tus qauv tau kho dua tshiab: XNUMX li qub tau tshwm sim ntawm lub cev. Lub bassoon tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm orchestras, cov kws ntaus nkauj nto moo, cov kws sau ntawv sau ua haujlwm, qhov kev ua yeeb yam uas koom nrog nws txoj kev koom tes ncaj qha. Ntawm lawv yog A. Vivaldi, W. Mozart, J. Haydn.

Cov tswv uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho lub bassoon yog bandmasters los ntawm kev ua haujlwm K. Almenderer, I. Haeckel. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, craftsmen tsim ib tug qauv XNUMX-valve, uas tom qab ntawd los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam ntau lawm.

Qhov tseeb nthuav: Ameslikas maple ntoo tau ua cov khoom siv, qhov kev lig kev cai no tsis hloov mus rau hnub no. Nws ntseeg tau tias bassoon ua los ntawm maple yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws suab nrov. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog cov qauv kev kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm suab paj nruag ua los ntawm cov yas.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMXth, lub repertoire ntawm lub twj paj nruag tau nthuav dav: lawv pib sau solo qhov chaw, concertos rau nws, thiab muab tso rau hauv symphony orchestra. Niaj hnub no, ntxiv rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam classic, nws tau siv los ntawm jazzmen.

Ntau yam ntawm bassoon

Muaj 3 ntau yam, tab sis tsuas yog ib hom yog xav tau los ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj niaj hnub.

1. Quartfagot. Sib txawv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Cov ntawv sau rau nws tau sau rau ib qho zoo tib yam bassoon, tab sis sounded ib quart siab tshaj sau.
2. Quint bassoon (bassoon). Nws muaj qhov me me, ua suab nrov thib tsib siab dua li cov ntawv sau.
3. Contrabassoon. Variant siv los ntawm niaj hnub music lovers.

Cov txheej txheem ua si

Kev ua si bassoon tsis yooj yim: tus kws ntaus nkauj siv ob txhais tes, txhua tus ntiv tes - qhov no tsis tas yuav tsum muaj lwm yam cuab yeej orchestral. Nws kuj tseem yuav xav tau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua pa: kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntawv teev lus, kev siv ntau yam dhia, arpeggios, cov lus melodic ntawm kev ua pa nruab nrab.

Lub xyoo pua XNUMX tau txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem ua si nrog cov txheej txheem tshiab:

• ob chav stokatto;
• triple stockatto;
• frulatto;
• tremolo;
• thib peb-tone, quarter-tone intonations;
• multiphonics.

Solo compositions tau tshwm sim hauv suab paj nruag, sau tshwj xeeb rau bassoonists.

Cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo

Qhov nrov ntawm counterbassoon tsis zoo li, piv txwv li, pianoforte. Thiab tseem muaj bassoonists uas tau sau lawv cov npe hauv keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag, uas tau dhau los ua tus paub txog kev ua si qhov cuab yeej nyuaj no. Ib tug ntawm cov npe belongs rau peb compatriot.

1. VS Popov. xib fwb, kos duab historian, tus tswv ntawm virtuoso ua si. Nws tau ua hauj lwm nrog lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj orchestras thiab chamber ensembles. Tsa cov tiam tom ntej ntawm bassoonists uas tau ua tiav zoo. Nws yog tus sau cov ntawv tshawb fawb, cov lus qhia ntawm kev ua si cua tshuab.
2. K. Thunemann. German bassoonist. Rau lub sij hawm ntev nws kawm ua si lub piano, ces xav txog lub bassoon. Nws yog tus thawj xibfwb ntawm Hamburg Symphony Orchestra. Niaj hnub no nws nquag qhia, ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam, ua yeeb yam solo, muab cov chav kawm master.
3. M. Turkovich. Austrian tshuab raj. Nws mus txog qhov siab ntawm kev txawj ntse, tau txais mus rau hauv Vienna Symphony Orchestra. Nws muaj niaj hnub thiab ancient qauv ntawm cov twj paj nruag. Nws qhia, ncig teb chaws, ua recordings ntawm concerts.
4. L. Sharrow. Asmeskas, tus thawj bassoonist ntawm Chicago, tom qab ntawd Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestras.

Lub bassoon yog ib qho cuab yeej me me uas tsis paub rau cov pej xeem. Tab sis qhov no tsis ua rau nws tsis tsim nyog mloog, theej, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws: nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua tus neeg nyiam suab paj nruag kom paub ntau ntxiv txog nws.