Bass clarinet: piav qhia ntawm qhov ntsuas, suab, keeb kwm, kev ua si

Cov ntses bass thaj tsam ntawm clarinet tau tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Niaj hnub no, qhov cuab yeej no yog ib feem ntawm symphony orchestras, siv nyob rau hauv lub chamber ensembles, thiab yog nyob rau hauv kev thov ntawm jazz musicians.

Kev piav qhia ntawm lub cuab yeej

Lub bass clarinet, hauv Italis nws suab zoo li "clarinetto basso", belongs rau qeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag woodwind. Nws cov cuab yeej zoo ib yam li cov cuab yeej ntawm cov pa clarinet, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog:

• Lub cev: ncaj cylindrical raj, muaj 5 lub ntsiab lus (Tswb, lub qhov ncauj, lub hauv caug (sab sauv, qis), chim).
• Reed (tus nplaig) - ib lub phaj nyias siv los tshem tawm suab.
• Valves, rings, suab qhov decorating lub nto ntawm lub cev.

Cov ntses bass thaj tsam yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo muaj txiaj ntsig - dub, mpingo, cocobol. Feem ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog ua los ntawm tes, raws li cov lus qhia tau tsim ib puas xyoo dhau los. Cov khoom siv ntawm kev tsim khoom, kev ua haujlwm hnyav cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov khoom - qhov kev txaus siab no tsis pheej yig.

Qhov ntau ntawm bass clarinet yog kwv yees li 4 octaves (los ntawm D loj octave mus rau B tiaj tus contra octave). Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv B (B-flat) tuning. Cov ntawv sau tau sau rau hauv cov ntses bass thaj tsam, lub suab nrov tshaj qhov xav tau.

Keeb kwm ntawm bass clarinet

Thaum pib, ib qho clarinet zoo tib yam tau tsim - qhov kev tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav luag ib puas xyoo los ua kom nws zoo nyob rau hauv lub bass clarinet. Tus sau ntawm txoj kev loj hlob yog Belgian Adolf Sachs, uas yog tus tswv ntawm lwm qhov tseem ceeb invention - lub saxophone.

A. Sachs mob siab rau kawm cov qauv muaj nyob rau xyoo pua XNUMX, ua haujlwm ntev rau kev txhim kho lub li qub, txhim kho intonations, thiab nthuav dav ntau yam. Los ntawm txhais tes ntawm tus kws tshaj lij, cov cuab yeej kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws tau tawm los, uas coj nws qhov chaw raug cai hauv lub suab paj nruag symphony.

Qhov tuab, me ntsis tsaus nti ntawm qhov ntsuas yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb hauv ib tus neeg solo ntu ntawm ib daim suab paj nruag. Koj tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​nws lub suab hauv operas ntawm Wagner, Verdi, symphonies ntawm Tchaikovsky, Shostakovich.

Lub xyoo pua XNUMX tau qhib lub sijhawm tshiab rau cov neeg qhuas ntawm lub cuab yeej: kev ua yeeb yam solo tau sau rau nws, nws yog ib feem ntawm cov rooj sib tham hauv chav tsev, thiab yog qhov xav tau ntawm jazz thiab txawm tias cov neeg ua yeeb yam pob zeb.

Cov txheej txheem ua si

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua si yog zoo ib yam li cov txuj ci ntawm tus kheej clarinet. Cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim heev, tsis tas yuav tshuab, cov pa oxygen loj, cov suab tau yooj yim muab rho tawm.

Yog hais tias peb piv ob clarinets, cov ntses bass thaj tsam version yog tsawg mobile, ib tug neeg daim yuav xav tau kev txawj ntse los ntawm lub tshuab raj. Muaj qhov rov qab sib txawv: suab paj nruag sau rau hauv tus yuam sij qis yog qhov nyuaj rau kev ua si ntawm ib qho clarinet zoo tib yam, tab sis nws "tus kwv tij ntses bass thaj tsam" yuav tiv nrog txoj haujlwm zoo sib xws yam tsis muaj teeb meem.

Kev Ua Si suav nrog kev siv ob lub npe - qis dua, nruab nrab. Cov ntses bass thaj tsam clarinet yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev ntxhov siab, ntxhov siab, xwm txheej phem.

Lub bass clarinet tsis yog "thawj nkauj laus ncas" hauv lub orchestra, tab sis nws yuav tsis yog qhov xav tias nws yog ib yam dab tsi tsis tseem ceeb. Yog tsis muaj nplua nuj, suab paj nruag sau ntawv uas dhau lub hwj chim ntawm lwm yam suab paj nruag, ntau yam ci ntsa iab tej hauj lwm yuav suab txawv kiag li yog hais tias orchestras tsis suav cov clarinet ntses bass thaj tsam qauv los ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.